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* Previously: Typhoon provisions clusters with kube-system components
like CoreDNS, kube-proxy, and a chosen CNI provider (among flannel,
Calico, or Cilium) pre-installed. This is convenient since clusters
come with "batteries included". But it also means upgrading these
components is generally done in lock-step, by upgrading to a new
Typhoon / Kubernetes release
* It can be valuable to manage these components with a separate
plan/apply process or through automations and deploy systems. For
example, this allows managing CoreDNS separately from the cluster's
lifecycle.
* These "components" will continue to be pre-installed by default,
but a new `components` variable allows them to be disabled and
managed as "addons", components you apply after cluster creation
and manage on a rolling basis. For some of these, we may provide
Terraform modules to aide in managing these components.
```
module "cluster" {
# defaults
components = {
enable = true
coredns = {
enable = true
}
kube_proxy = {
enable = true
}
# Only the CNI set in var.networking will be installed
flannel = {
enable = true
}
calico = {
enable = true
}
cilium = {
enable = true
}
}
}
```
An earlier variable `install_container_networking = true/false` has
been removed, since it can now be achieved with this more extensible
and general components mechanism by setting the chosen networking
provider enable field to false.
251 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
251 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
# DigitalOcean
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In this tutorial, we'll create a Kubernetes v1.30.1 cluster on DigitalOcean with Flatcar Linux.
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We'll declare a Kubernetes cluster using the Typhoon Terraform module. Then apply the changes to create controller droplets, worker droplets, DNS records, tags, and TLS assets.
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Controller hosts are provisioned to run an `etcd-member` peer and a `kubelet` service. Worker hosts run a `kubelet` service. Controller nodes run `kube-apiserver`, `kube-scheduler`, `kube-controller-manager`, and `coredns`, while `kube-proxy` and (`flannel`, `calico`, or `cilium`) run on every node. A generated `kubeconfig` provides `kubectl` access to the cluster.
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## Requirements
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* Digital Ocean Account and Token
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* Digital Ocean Domain (registered Domain Name or delegated subdomain)
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* Terraform v0.13.0+
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## Terraform Setup
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Install [Terraform](https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html) v0.13.0+ on your system.
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```sh
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$ terraform version
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Terraform v1.0.0
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```
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Read [concepts](/architecture/concepts/) to learn about Terraform, modules, and organizing resources. Change to your infrastructure repository (e.g. `infra`).
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```
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cd infra/clusters
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```
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## Provider
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Login to [DigitalOcean](https://cloud.digitalocean.com). Or if you don't have one, create an account with our [referral link](https://m.do.co/c/94a5a4e76387) to get free credits.
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Generate a Personal Access Token with read/write scope from the [API tab](https://cloud.digitalocean.com/settings/api/tokens). Write the token to a file that can be referenced in configs.
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```sh
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mkdir -p ~/.config/digital-ocean
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echo "TOKEN" > ~/.config/digital-ocean/token
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```
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Configure the DigitalOcean provider to use your token in a `providers.tf` file.
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```tf
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provider "digitalocean" {
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token = "${chomp(file("~/.config/digital-ocean/token"))}"
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}
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provider "ct" {}
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terraform {
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required_providers {
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ct = {
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source = "poseidon/ct"
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version = "0.11.0"
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}
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digitalocean = {
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source = "digitalocean/digitalocean"
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version = "2.27.1"
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### Flatcar Linux Images
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Flatcar Linux publishes DigitalOcean images, but does not yet upload them. DigitalOcean allows [custom images](https://blog.digitalocean.com/custom-images/) to be uploaded via a URL or file.
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Choose a Flatcar Linux [release](https://www.flatcar-linux.org/releases/) from Flatcar's file [server](https://stable.release.flatcar-linux.net/amd64-usr/). Copy the URL to the `flatcar_production_digitalocean_image.bin.bz2`, import it into DigitalOcean, and name it as a custom image. Add a data reference to the image in Terraform:
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```tf
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data "digitalocean_image" "flatcar-stable-3227-2-0" {
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name = "flatcar-stable-3227.2.0.bin.bz2"
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}
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```
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Set the [os_image](#variables) in the next step.
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## Cluster
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Define a Kubernetes cluster using the module `digital-ocean/flatcar-linux/kubernetes`.
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```tf
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module "nemo" {
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source = "git::https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon//digital-ocean/flatcar-linux/kubernetes?ref=v1.30.1"
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# Digital Ocean
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cluster_name = "nemo"
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region = "nyc3"
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dns_zone = "digital-ocean.example.com"
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# configuration
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os_image = data.digitalocean_image.flatcar-stable-2303-4-0.id
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ssh_fingerprints = ["d7:9d:79:ae:56:32:73:79:95:88:e3:a2:ab:5d:45:e7"]
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# optional
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worker_count = 2
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}
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```
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Reference the [variables docs](#variables) or the [variables.tf](https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/blob/master/digital-ocean/flatcar-linux/kubernetes/variables.tf) source.
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## ssh-agent
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Initial bootstrapping requires `bootstrap.service` be started on one controller node. Terraform uses `ssh-agent` to automate this step. Add your SSH private key to `ssh-agent`.
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```sh
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ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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ssh-add -L
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```
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## Apply
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Initialize the config directory if this is the first use with Terraform.
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```sh
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terraform init
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```
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Plan the resources to be created.
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```sh
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$ terraform plan
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Plan: 54 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
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```
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Apply the changes to create the cluster.
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```sh
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$ terraform apply
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module.nemo.null_resource.bootstrap: Still creating... (30s elapsed)
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module.nemo.null_resource.bootstrap: Provisioning with 'remote-exec'...
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...
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module.nemo.null_resource.bootstrap: Still creating... (6m20s elapsed)
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module.nemo.null_resource.bootstrap: Creation complete (ID: 7599298447329218468)
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Apply complete! Resources: 42 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
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```
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In 3-6 minutes, the Kubernetes cluster will be ready.
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## Verify
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[Install kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/) on your system. Obtain the generated cluster `kubeconfig` from module outputs (e.g. write to a local file).
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```
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resource "local_file" "kubeconfig-nemo" {
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content = module.nemo.kubeconfig-admin
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filename = "/home/user/.kube/configs/nemo-config"
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}
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```
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List nodes in the cluster.
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```
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$ export KUBECONFIG=/home/user/.kube/configs/nemo-config
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$ kubectl get nodes
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NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
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10.132.110.130 Ready <none> 10m v1.30.1
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10.132.115.81 Ready <none> 10m v1.30.1
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10.132.124.107 Ready <none> 10m v1.30.1
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```
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List the pods.
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```
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NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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kube-system coredns-1187388186-ld1j7 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system coredns-1187388186-rdhf7 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system calico-node-1m5bf 2/2 Running 0 11m
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kube-system calico-node-7jmr1 2/2 Running 0 11m
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kube-system calico-node-bknc8 2/2 Running 0 11m
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kube-system kube-apiserver-ip-10.132.115.81 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system kube-controller-manager-ip-10.132.115.81 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system kube-proxy-6kxjf 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system kube-proxy-fh3td 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system kube-proxy-k35rc 1/1 Running 0 11m
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kube-system kube-scheduler-ip-10.132.115.81 1/1 Running 0 11m
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```
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## Going Further
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Learn about [maintenance](/topics/maintenance/) and [addons](/addons/overview/).
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## Variables
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Check the [variables.tf](https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/blob/master/digital-ocean/flatcar-linux/kubernetes/variables.tf) source.
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### Required
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| Name | Description | Example |
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|:-----|:------------|:--------|
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| cluster_name | Unique cluster name (prepended to dns_zone) | "nemo" |
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| region | Digital Ocean region | "nyc1", "sfo2", "fra1", tor1" |
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| dns_zone | Digital Ocean domain (i.e. DNS zone) | "do.example.com" |
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| os_image | Container Linux image for instances | "uploaded-flatcar-image-id" |
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| ssh_fingerprints | SSH public key fingerprints | ["d7:9d..."] |
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#### DNS Zone
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Clusters create DNS A records `${cluster_name}.${dns_zone}` to resolve to controller droplets (round robin). This FQDN is used by workers and `kubectl` to access the apiserver(s). In this example, the cluster's apiserver would be accessible at `nemo.do.example.com`.
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You'll need a registered domain name or delegated subdomain in DigitalOcean Domains (i.e. DNS zones). You can set this up once and create many clusters with unique names.
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```tf
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# Declare a DigitalOcean record to also create a zone file
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resource "digitalocean_domain" "zone-for-clusters" {
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name = "do.example.com"
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ip_address = "8.8.8.8"
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}
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```
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!!! tip ""
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If you have an existing domain name with a zone file elsewhere, just delegate a subdomain that can be managed on DigitalOcean (e.g. do.mydomain.com) and [update nameservers](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-host-name-with-digitalocean).
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#### SSH Fingerprints
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DigitalOcean droplets are created with your SSH public key "fingerprint" (i.e. MD5 hash) to allow access. If your SSH public key is at `~/.ssh/id_rsa`, find the fingerprint with,
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -E md5 -lf ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | awk '{print $2}'
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MD5:d7:9d:79:ae:56:32:73:79:95:88:e3:a2:ab:5d:45:e7
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```
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If you use `ssh-agent` (e.g. Yubikey for SSH), find the fingerprint with,
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```
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ssh-add -l -E md5
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2048 MD5:d7:9d:79:ae:56:32:73:79:95:88:e3:a2:ab:5d:45:e7 cardno:000603633110 (RSA)
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```
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Digital Ocean requires the SSH public key be uploaded to your account, so you may also find the fingerprint under Settings -> Security. Finally, if you don't have an SSH key, [create one now](https://help.github.com/articles/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent/).
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### Optional
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| Name | Description | Default | Example |
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|:-----|:------------|:--------|:--------|
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| controller_count | Number of controllers (i.e. masters) | 1 | 1 |
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| worker_count | Number of workers | 1 | 3 |
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| controller_type | Droplet type for controllers | "s-2vcpu-2gb" | s-2vcpu-2gb, s-2vcpu-4gb, s-4vcpu-8gb, ... |
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| worker_type | Droplet type for workers | "s-1vcpu-2gb" | s-1vcpu-2gb, s-2vcpu-2gb, ... |
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| controller_snippets | Controller Container Linux Config snippets | [] | [example](/advanced/customization/) |
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| worker_snippets | Worker Container Linux Config snippets | [] | [example](/advanced/customization/) |
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| networking | Choice of networking provider | "cilium" | "calico" or "cilium" or "flannel" |
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| pod_cidr | CIDR IPv4 range to assign to Kubernetes pods | "10.2.0.0/16" | "10.22.0.0/16" |
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| service_cidr | CIDR IPv4 range to assign to Kubernetes services | "10.3.0.0/16" | "10.3.0.0/24" |
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Check the list of valid [droplet types](https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/changelog/api-v2/new-size-slugs-for-droplet-plan-changes/) or use `doctl compute size list`.
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!!! warning
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Do not choose a `controller_type` smaller than 2GB. Smaller droplets are not sufficient for running a controller and bootstrapping will fail.
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