ajout de doc sur les méta classes
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@ -380,3 +380,73 @@ autre exemple : les méthodes statiques
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... # do stuff here
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métaclasses
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-----------------
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>>> class A:
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... pass
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...
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>>> type(A)
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<type 'classobj'>
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>>> class B(object): pass
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...
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>>> type(B)
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<type 'type'>
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>>> help(type)
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>>> C = type('C', (), {})
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>>> C
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<class '__main__.C'>
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>>>
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>>> type(object)
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<type 'type'>
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>>> type(type)
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<type 'type'>
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>>> isinstance(type, object)
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True
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>>> isinstance(object, type)
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True
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>>>
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::
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class MaMetaClasse(type):
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"""Exemple d'une métaclasse."""
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def __new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict):
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"""Création de notre classe."""
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print("On crée la classe {}".format(nom))
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return type.__new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict)
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class MaClasse(object):
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__metaclass__ = MaMetaClasse
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exemple : forcer l'implémentation d'un singleton avec les métaclasses
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::
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class Singleton(type):
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instance = None
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def __call__(cls, *args, **kw):
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if not cls.instance:
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cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw)
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return cls.instance
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class ASingleton(object):
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__metaclass__ = Singleton
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a = ASingleton()
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b = ASingleton()
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assert a is b
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print(a.__class__.__name__, b.__class__.__name__)
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class BSingleton(object):
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__metaclass__ = Singleton
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c = BSingleton()
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d = BSingleton()
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assert c is d
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print(c.__class__.__name__, d.__class__.__name__)
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assert c is not a
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