* Enable bootstrap token authentication on kube-apiserver
* Generate the bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token Secret that
may be used as a bootstrap token
* Generate a bootstrap kubeconfig (with a bootstrap token)
to be securely distributed to nodes. Each Kubelet will use
the bootstrap kubeconfig to authenticate to kube-apiserver
as `system:bootstrappers` and send a node-unique CSR for
kube-controller-manager to automatically approve to issue
a Kubelet certificate and kubeconfig (expires in 72 hours)
* Add ClusterRoleBinding for bootstrap token subjects
(`system:bootstrappers`) to have the `system:node-bootstrapper`
ClusterRole
* Add ClusterRoleBinding for bootstrap token subjects
(`system:bootstrappers`) to have the csr nodeclient ClusterRole
* Add ClusterRoleBinding for bootstrap token subjects
(`system:bootstrappers`) to have the csr selfnodeclient ClusterRole
* Enable NodeRestriction admission controller to limit the
scope of Node or Pod objects a Kubelet can modify to those of
the node itself
* Ability for a Kubelet to delete its Node object is retained
as preemptible nodes or those in auto-scaling instance groups
need to be able to remove themselves on shutdown. This need
continues to have precedence over any risk of a node deleting
itself maliciously
Security notes:
1. Issued Kubelet certificates authenticate as user `system:node:NAME`
and group `system:nodes` and are limited in their authorization
to perform API operations by Node authorization and NodeRestriction
admission. Previously, a Kubelet's authorization was broader. This
is the primary security motivation.
2. The bootstrap kubeconfig credential has the same sensitivity
as the previous generated TLS client-certificate kubeconfig.
It must be distributed securely to nodes. Its compromise still
allows an attacker to obtain a Kubelet kubeconfig
3. Bootstrapping Kubelet kubeconfig's with a limited lifetime offers
a slight security improvement.
* An attacker who obtains the kubeconfig can likely obtain the
bootstrap kubeconfig as well, to obtain the ability to renew
their access
* A compromised bootstrap kubeconfig could plausibly be handled
by replacing the bootstrap token Secret, distributing the token
to new nodes, and expiration. Whereas a compromised TLS-client
certificate kubeconfig can't be revoked (no CRL). However,
replacing a bootstrap token can be impractical in real cluster
environments, so the limited lifetime is mostly a theoretical
benefit.
* Cluster CSR objects are visible via kubectl which is nice
4. Bootstrapping node-unique Kubelet kubeconfigs means Kubelet
clients have more identity information, which can improve the
utility of audits and future features
Rel: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/
Rel: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/185
* Change kube-proxy, flannel, and calico-node DaemonSet
tolerations to tolerate `node.kubernetes.io/not-ready`
and `node-role.kubernetes.io/master` (i.e. controllers)
explicitly, rather than tolerating all taints
* kube-system DaemonSets will no longer tolerate custom
node taints by default. Instead, custom node taints must
be enumerated to opt-in to scheduling/executing the
kube-system DaemonSets
* Consider setting the daemonset_tolerations variable
of terraform-render-bootstrap at a later date
Background: Tolerating all taints ruled out use-cases
where certain nodes might legitimately need to keep
kube-proxy or CNI networking disabled
Related: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/179
* Kubernetes plans to stop releasing the hyperkube container image
* Upstream will continue to publish `kube-apiserver`, `kube-controller-manager`,
`kube-scheduler`, and `kube-proxy` container images to `k8s.gcr.io`
* Upstream will publish Kubelet only as a binary for distros to package,
either as a DEB/RPM on traditional distros or a container image on
container-optimized operating systems
* Typhoon will package the upstream Kubelet (checksummed) and its
dependencies as a container image for use on CoreOS Container Linux,
Flatcar Linux, and Fedora CoreOS
* Update the Typhoon container image security policy to list
`quay.io/poseidon/kubelet`as an official distributed artifact
Hyperkube: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/88676
Kubelet Container Image: https://github.com/poseidon/kubelet
Kubelet Quay Repo: https://quay.io/repository/poseidon/kubelet
* Configure kube-proxy --metrics-bind-address=0.0.0.0 (default
127.0.0.1) to serve metrics on 0.0.0.0:10249
* Add firewall rules to allow Prometheus (resides on a worker) to
scrape kube-proxy service endpoints on controllers or workers
* Add a clusterIP: None service for kube-proxy endpoint discovery
* Allow generated assets (TLS materials, manifests) to be
securely distributed to controller node(s) via file provisioner
(i.e. ssh-agent) as an assets bundle file, rather than relying
on assets being locally rendered to disk in an asset_dir and
then securely distributed
* Change `asset_dir` from required to optional. Left unset,
asset_dir defaults to "" and no assets will be written to
files on the machine that runs terraform apply
* Enhancement: Managed cluster assets are kept only in Terraform
state, which supports different backends (GCS, S3, etcd, etc) and
optional encryption. terraform apply accesses state, runs in-memory,
and distributes sensitive materials to controllers without making
use of local disk (simplifies use in CI systems)
* Enhancement: Improve asset unpack and layout process to position
etcd certificates and control plane certificates more cleanly,
without unneeded secret materials
Details:
* Terraform file provisioner support for distributing directories of
contents (with unknown structure) has been limited to reading from a
local directory, meaning local writes to asset_dir were required.
https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/issues/585 discusses the problem
and newer or upcoming Terraform features that might help.
* Observation: Terraform provisioner support for single files works
well, but iteration isn't viable. We're also constrained to Terraform
language features on the apply side (no extra plugins, no shelling out)
and CoreOS / Fedora tools on the receive side.
* Take a map representation of the contents that would have been splayed
out in asset_dir and pack/encode them into a single file format devised
for easy unpacking. Use an awk one-liner on the receive side to unpack.
In pratice, this has worked well and its rather nice that a single
assets file is transferred by file provisioner (all or none)
Rel: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/162
* Set small CPU requests on static pods kube-apiserver,
kube-controller-manager, and kube-scheduler to align with
upstream tooling and for edge cases
* Effectively, a practical case for these requests hasn't been
observed. However, a small static pod CPU request may offer
a slight benefit if a controller became overloaded and the
below mechanisms were insufficient
Existing safeguards:
* Control plane nodes are tainted to isolate them from
ordinary workloads. Even dense workloads can only compress
CPU resources on worker nodes.
* Control plane static pods use the highest priority class, so
contention favors control plane pods (over say node-exporter)
and CPU is compressible too.
See: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/161
* Update terraform-render-bootstrap module to adopt the
Terrform v0.12 templatefile function feature to replace
the use of terraform-provider-template's `template_dir`
* Require Terraform v0.12.6+ which adds `for_each`
Background:
* `template_dir` was added to `terraform-provider-template`
to add support for template directory rendering in CoreOS
Tectonic Kubernetes distribution (~2017)
* Terraform v0.12 introduced a native `templatefile` function
and v0.12.6 introduced native `for_each` support (July 2019)
that makes it possible to replace `template_dir` usage
* Define bare-metal `controllers` and `workers` as a complex type
list(object{name=string, mac=string, domain=string}) to allow
clusters with many machines to be defined more cleanly
* Remove `controller_names` list variable
* Remove `controller_macs` list variable
* Remove `controller_domains` list variable
* Remove `worker_names` list variable
* Remove `worker_macs` list variable
* Remove `worker_domains` list variable
Dalton Hubble