* Use Fedora CoreOS production download streams (change)
* Use live PXE kernel and initramfs images
* https://getfedora.org/coreos/download/
* Update docs example to use public images (cache is still
recommended at large scale) and stable stream
* Select the most recent fedora-coreos-31 AMI on AWS, instead
of the most recent fedora-coreos-30 AMI (Nov 27, 2019)
* Evaluated with fedora-coreos-31.20200108.2.0-hvm
* Original instructions were to watch install to disk by SSH'ing
via port 2222 following Typhoon v1.10.1. Restore that message,
since the version number in the instruction was incorrectly bumped
on each release
* Typhoon Google Cloud is compatible with `terraform-provider-google`
v3.x releases
* No v3.x specific features are used, so v2.19+ provider versions are
still allowed, to ease migrations
* Inlining the Kubelet service removed the need for the
kubelet.env file declared in Ignition. However, on some
platforms, this removed the guarantee that /etc/kubernetes
exists. Bare-Metal and DigitalOcean distribute the kubelet
kubeconfig through Terraform file provisioner (scp) and
place it in (now missing) /etc/kubernetes
* https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/pull/606
* Fix bare-metal and DigitalOcean Ignition to ensure the
desired directory exists following first boot from disk
* Cloud platforms with worker pools distribute the kubeconfig
through Ignition user data (no impact or need)
* Change node-exporter DaemonSet tolerations from tolerating
all possible NoSchedule taints to tolerating the master taint
and the not ready taint (we'd like metrics regardless)
* Users who add custom node taints must add their custom taints
to the addon node-exporter DaemonSet. As an addon, its expected
users copy and manipulate manifests out-of-band in their own
systems
* Configure kube-proxy --metrics-bind-address=0.0.0.0 (default
127.0.0.1) to serve metrics on 0.0.0.0:10249
* Add firewall rules to allow Prometheus (resides on a worker) to
scrape kube-proxy service endpoints on controllers or workers
* Add a clusterIP: None service for kube-proxy endpoint discovery
* Change kubelet.service on Container Linux nodes to ExecStart Kubelet
inline to replace the use of the host OS kubelet-wrapper script
* Express rkt run flags and volume mounts in a clear, uniform way to
make the Kubelet service easier to audit, manage, and understand
* Eliminate reliance on a Container Linux kubelet-wrapper script
* Typhoon for Fedora CoreOS developed a kubelet.service that similarly
uses an inline ExecStart (except with podman instead of rkt) and a
more minimal set of volume mounts. Adopt the volume improvements:
* Change Kubelet /etc/kubernetes volume to read-only
* Change Kubelet /etc/resolv.conf volume to read-only
* Remove unneeded /var/lib/cni volume mount
Background:
* kubelet-wrapper was added in CoreOS around the time of Kubernetes v1.0
to simplify running a CoreOS-built hyperkube ACI image via rkt-fly. The
script defaults are no longer ideal (e.g. rkt's notion of trust dates
back to quay.io ACI image serving and signing, which informed the OCI
standard images we use today, though they still lack rkt's signing ideas).
* Shipping kubelet-wrapper was regretted at CoreOS, but remains in the
distro for compatibility. The script is not updated to track hyperkube
changes, but it is stable and kubelet.env overrides bridge most gaps
* Typhoon Container Linux nodes have used kubelet-wrapper to rkt/rkt-fly
run the Kubelet via the official k8s.gcr.io hyperkube image using overrides
(new image registry, new image format, restart handling, new mounts, new
entrypoint in v1.17).
* Observation: Most of what it takes to run a Kubelet container is defined
in Typhoon, not in kubelet-wrapper. The wrapper's value is now undermined
by having to workaround its dated defaults. Typhoon may be better served
defining Kubelet.service explicitly
* Typhoon for Fedora CoreOS developed a kubelet.service without the use
of a host OS kubelet-wrapper which is both clearer and eliminated some
volume mounts
* Rename Container Linux Config (CLC) files to *.yaml to align
with Fedora CoreOS Config (FCC) files and for syntax highlighting
* Replace common uses of Terraform `element` (which wraps around)
with `list[index]` syntax to surface index errors
* Update recommended Terraform and provider plugin versions
* Update the rough count of resources created per cluster
since its not been refreshed in a while (will vary based
on cluster options)
* Stop mapping node labels to targets discovered via Kubernetes
nodes (e.g. etcd, kubelet, cadvisor). It is rarely useful to
store node labels (e.g. kubernetes.io/os=linux) on these metrics
* kube-apiserver's apiserver_request_duration_seconds_bucket metric
has a high cardinality that includes labels for the API group, verb,
scope, resource, and component for each object type, including for
each CRD. This one metric has ~10k time series in a typical cluster
(btw 10-40% of total)
* Removing the apiserver request duration outright would make latency
alerts a NoOp and break a Grafana apiserver panel. Instead, drop series
that have a "group" label. Effectively, only request durations for
core Kubernetes APIs will be kept (e.g. cardinality won't grow with
each CRD added). This reduces the metric to ~2k unique series
* Original tutorials favored including the platform (e.g.
google-cloud) in modules (e.g. google-cloud-yavin). Prefer
naming conventions where each module / cluster has a simple
name (e.g. yavin) since the platform is usually redundant
* Retain the example cluster naming themes per platform
* Allow generated assets (TLS materials, manifests) to be
securely distributed to controller node(s) via file provisioner
(i.e. ssh-agent) as an assets bundle file, rather than relying
on assets being locally rendered to disk in an asset_dir and
then securely distributed
* Change `asset_dir` from required to optional. Left unset,
asset_dir defaults to "" and no assets will be written to
files on the machine that runs terraform apply
* Enhancement: Managed cluster assets are kept only in Terraform
state, which supports different backends (GCS, S3, etcd, etc) and
optional encryption. terraform apply accesses state, runs in-memory,
and distributes sensitive materials to controllers without making
use of local disk (simplifies use in CI systems)
* Enhancement: Improve asset unpack and layout process to position
etcd certificates and control plane certificates more cleanly,
without unneeded secret materials
Details:
* Terraform file provisioner support for distributing directories of
contents (with unknown structure) has been limited to reading from a
local directory, meaning local writes to asset_dir were required.
https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/issues/585 discusses the problem
and newer or upcoming Terraform features that might help.
* Observation: Terraform provisioner support for single files works
well, but iteration isn't viable. We're also constrained to Terraform
language features on the apply side (no extra plugins, no shelling out)
and CoreOS / Fedora tools on the receive side.
* Take a map representation of the contents that would have been splayed
out in asset_dir and pack/encode them into a single file format devised
for easy unpacking. Use an awk one-liner on the receive side to unpack.
In pratice, this has worked well and its rather nice that a single
assets file is transferred by file provisioner (all or none)
Rel: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/162
* Fix controller and worker ipv4/ipv4 outputs to be lists of strings
* With Terraform v0.11 syntax, an enclosing list was required to coerce the
output to be a list of strings
* With Terraform v0.12 syntax, the enclosing list shouldn't be needed
* kubernetes-mixin pod resource dashboards were split into
two ConfigMap parts because they provide richer networking
details
* New dashboards have been used by the author at the global
level, but were missing in the per-cluster Grafana tracked
here
* Add Prometheus alerts from node-exporter
* Add Grafana dashboard nodes.json, from node-exporter
* Not adding recording rules, since those are only used
by some node-exporter USE dashboards not being included
* terraform-provider-google v2.19.0 deprecates `instance_template`
within `google_compute_region_instance_group_manager` in order to
support a scheme with multiple version blocks. Adapt our single
version to the new format to resolve deprecation warnings.
* Fixes: Warning: "instance_template": [DEPRECATED] This field
will be replaced by `version.instance_template` in 3.0.0
* Require terraform-provider-google v2.19.0+ (action required)
* Set small CPU requests on static pods kube-apiserver,
kube-controller-manager, and kube-scheduler to align with
upstream tooling and for edge cases
* Effectively, a practical case for these requests hasn't been
observed. However, a small static pod CPU request may offer
a slight benefit if a controller became overloaded and the
below mechanisms were insufficient
Existing safeguards:
* Control plane nodes are tainted to isolate them from
ordinary workloads. Even dense workloads can only compress
CPU resources on worker nodes.
* Control plane static pods use the highest priority class, so
contention favors control plane pods (over say node-exporter)
and CPU is compressible too.
See: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/161
* Update terraform-render-bootstrap module to adopt the
Terrform v0.12 templatefile function feature to replace
the use of terraform-provider-template's `template_dir`
* Require Terraform v0.12.6+ which adds `for_each`
Background:
* `template_dir` was added to `terraform-provider-template`
to add support for template directory rendering in CoreOS
Tectonic Kubernetes distribution (~2017)
* Terraform v0.12 introduced a native `templatefile` function
and v0.12.6 introduced native `for_each` support (July 2019)
that makes it possible to replace `template_dir` usage
Dalton Hubble
Arve Knudsen