* Accept experimental CNI `networking` mode "cilium"
* Run Cilium v1.8.0-rc4 with overlay vxlan tunnels and a
minimal set of features. We're interested in:
* IPAM: Divide pod_cidr into /24 subnets per node
* CNI networking pod-to-pod, pod-to-external
* BPF masquerade
* NetworkPolicy as defined by Kubernetes (no L7 Policy)
* Continue using kube-proxy with Cilium probe mode
* Firewall changes:
* Require UDP 8472 for vxlan (Linux kernel default) between nodes
* Optional ICMP echo(8) between nodes for host reachability
(health)
* Optional TCP 4240 between nodes for endpoint reachability (health)
Known Issues:
* Containers with `hostPort` don't listen on all host addresses,
these workloads must use `hostNetwork` for now
https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/12116
* Erroneous warning on Fedora CoreOS
https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/10256
Note: This is experimental. It is not listed in docs and may be
changed or removed without a deprecation notice
Related:
* https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/192
* https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/12217
* Remove node label `node.kubernetes.io/master` from controller nodes
* Use `node.kubernetes.io/controller` (present since v1.9.5,
[#160](https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/pull/160)) to node select controllers
* Rename controller NoSchedule taint from `node-role.kubernetes.io/master` to
`node-role.kubernetes.io/controller`
* Tolerate the new taint name for workloads that may run on controller nodes
and stop tolerating `node-role.kubernetes.io/master` taint
* Kubelet `--lock-file` and `--exit-on-lock-contention` date
back to usage of bootkube and at one point running Kubelet
in a "self-hosted" style whereby an on-host Kubelet (rkt)
started pods, but then a Kubelet DaemonSet was scheduled
and able to take over (hence self-hosted). `lock-file` and
`exit-on-lock-contention` flags supported this pivot. The
pattern has been out of favor (in bootkube too) for years
because of dueling Kubelet complexity
* Typhoon runs Kubelet as a container via an on-host systemd
unit using podman (Fedora CoreOS) or rkt (Flatcar Linux). In
fact, Typhoon no longer uses bootkube or control plane pivot
(let alone Kubelet pivot) and uses static pods since v1.16.0
* https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/pull/536
* Generated Kubelet TLS certificate and key are not longer
used or distributed to machines since Kubelet TLS bootstrap
is used instead. Remove the certificate and key from state
* Enable terraform-provider-ct `strict` mode for parsing
Container Linux Configs and snippets
* Fix Container Linux Config systemd unit syntax `enable`
(old) to `enabled`
* Align with Fedora CoreOS which uses strict mode already
* Build Kubelet container images internally and publish
to Quay and Dockerhub (new) as an alternative in case of
registry outage or breach
* Use our infra to provide single and multi-arch (default)
Kublet images for possible future use
* Docs: Show how to use alternative Kubelet images via
snippets and a systemd dropin (builds on #737)
Changes:
* Update docs with changes to Kubelet image building
* If you prefer to trust images built by Quay/Dockerhub,
automated image builds are still available with unique
tags (albeit with some limitations):
* Quay automated builds are tagged `build-{short_sha}`
(limit: only amd64)
* Dockerhub automated builts are tagged `build-{tag}`
and `build-master` (limit: only amd64, no shas)
Links:
* Kubelet: https://github.com/poseidon/kubelet
* Docs: https://typhoon.psdn.io/topics/security/#container-images
* Registries:
* quay.io/poseidon/kubelet
* docker.io/psdn/kubelet
* Write the systemd kubelet.service to use `KUBELET_IMAGE`
as the Kubelet. This provides a nice way to use systemd
dropins to temporarily override the image (e.g. during a
registry outage)
Note: Only Typhoon Kubelet images and registries are supported.
* Set a consistent MCS level/range for Calico install-cni
* Note: Rebooting a node was a workaround, because Kubelet
relabels /etc/kubernetes(/cni/net.d)
Background:
* On SELinux enforcing systems, the Calico CNI install-cni
container ran with default SELinux context and a random MCS
pair. install-cni places CNI configs by first creating a
temporary file and then moving them into place, which means
the file MCS categories depend on the containers SELinux
context.
* calico-node Pod restarts creates a new install-cni container
with a different MCS pair that cannot access the earlier
written file (it places configs every time), causing the
init container to error and calico-node to crash loop
* https://github.com/projectcalico/cni-plugin/issues/874
```
mv: inter-device move failed: '/calico.conf.tmp' to
'/host/etc/cni/net.d/10-calico.conflist'; unable to remove target:
Permission denied
Failed to mv files. This may be caused by selinux configuration on
the
host, or something else.
```
Note, this isn't a host SELinux configuration issue.
Related:
* https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/186
* Enable bootstrap token authentication on kube-apiserver
* Generate the bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token Secret that
may be used as a bootstrap token
* Generate a bootstrap kubeconfig (with a bootstrap token)
to be securely distributed to nodes. Each Kubelet will use
the bootstrap kubeconfig to authenticate to kube-apiserver
as `system:bootstrappers` and send a node-unique CSR for
kube-controller-manager to automatically approve to issue
a Kubelet certificate and kubeconfig (expires in 72 hours)
* Add ClusterRoleBinding for bootstrap token subjects
(`system:bootstrappers`) to have the `system:node-bootstrapper`
ClusterRole
* Add ClusterRoleBinding for bootstrap token subjects
(`system:bootstrappers`) to have the csr nodeclient ClusterRole
* Add ClusterRoleBinding for bootstrap token subjects
(`system:bootstrappers`) to have the csr selfnodeclient ClusterRole
* Enable NodeRestriction admission controller to limit the
scope of Node or Pod objects a Kubelet can modify to those of
the node itself
* Ability for a Kubelet to delete its Node object is retained
as preemptible nodes or those in auto-scaling instance groups
need to be able to remove themselves on shutdown. This need
continues to have precedence over any risk of a node deleting
itself maliciously
Security notes:
1. Issued Kubelet certificates authenticate as user `system:node:NAME`
and group `system:nodes` and are limited in their authorization
to perform API operations by Node authorization and NodeRestriction
admission. Previously, a Kubelet's authorization was broader. This
is the primary security motivation.
2. The bootstrap kubeconfig credential has the same sensitivity
as the previous generated TLS client-certificate kubeconfig.
It must be distributed securely to nodes. Its compromise still
allows an attacker to obtain a Kubelet kubeconfig
3. Bootstrapping Kubelet kubeconfig's with a limited lifetime offers
a slight security improvement.
* An attacker who obtains the kubeconfig can likely obtain the
bootstrap kubeconfig as well, to obtain the ability to renew
their access
* A compromised bootstrap kubeconfig could plausibly be handled
by replacing the bootstrap token Secret, distributing the token
to new nodes, and expiration. Whereas a compromised TLS-client
certificate kubeconfig can't be revoked (no CRL). However,
replacing a bootstrap token can be impractical in real cluster
environments, so the limited lifetime is mostly a theoretical
benefit.
* Cluster CSR objects are visible via kubectl which is nice
4. Bootstrapping node-unique Kubelet kubeconfigs means Kubelet
clients have more identity information, which can improve the
utility of audits and future features
Rel: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/
Rel: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/185
* DigitalOcean firewall rules should reference Terraform tag
resources rather than using tag strings. Otherwise, terraform
apply can fail (neeeds rerun) if a tag has not yet been created
* Race: During initial bootstrap, static control plane pods
could hang with Permission denied to bootstrap secrets. A
manual fix involved restarting Kubelet, which relabeled mounts
The race had no effect on subsequent reboots.
* bootstrap.service runs podman with a private unshared mount
of /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-secrets which uses an SELinux MCS
label with a category pair. However, bootstrap-secrets should
be shared as its mounted by Docker pods kube-apiserver,
kube-scheduler, and kube-controller-manager. Restarting Kubelet
was a manual fix because Kubelet relabels all /etc/kubernetes
* Fix bootstrap Pod to use the shared volume label, which leaves
bootstrap-secrets files with SELinux level s0 without MCS
* Also allow failed bootstrap.service to be re-applied. This was
missing on bare-metal and AWS
* In v1.18.0, kubectl apply would fail to apply manifests if any
single manifest was unable to validate. For example, if a CRD and
CR were defined in the same directory, apply would fail since the
CR would be invalid as the CRD wouldn't exist
* Typhoon temporary workaround was to separate CNI CRD manifests
and explicitly apply them first. No longer needed in v1.18.1+
* Kubernetes v1.18.1 restored the prior behavior where kubectl apply
applies as many valid manifests as it can. In the example above, the
CRD would be applied and the CR could be applied if the kubectl apply
was re-run (allowing for apply loops).
* Upstream fix: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/89864
* No change to Fedora CoreOS modules
* For Container Linx AWS and Azure, change the `os_image` default
from coreos-stable to flatcar-stable
* For Container Linux GCP and DigitalOcean, change `os_image` to
be required since users should upload a Flatcar Linux image and
set the variable
* For Container Linux bare-metal, recommend users change the
`os_channel` to Flatcar Linux. No actual module change.
* Fix bootstrap error for missing `manifests-networking/crd*yaml`
when `networking = "flannel"`
* Cleanup manifest-networking directory left during bootstrap
* Regressed in v1.18.0 changes for Calico https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/pull/675
* Change kube-proxy, flannel, and calico-node DaemonSet
tolerations to tolerate `node.kubernetes.io/not-ready`
and `node-role.kubernetes.io/master` (i.e. controllers)
explicitly, rather than tolerating all taints
* kube-system DaemonSets will no longer tolerate custom
node taints by default. Instead, custom node taints must
be enumerated to opt-in to scheduling/executing the
kube-system DaemonSets
* Consider setting the daemonset_tolerations variable
of terraform-render-bootstrap at a later date
Background: Tolerating all taints ruled out use-cases
where certain nodes might legitimately need to keep
kube-proxy or CNI networking disabled
Related: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/179
* Fix delete-node service that runs on worker (cloud-only)
shutdown to delete a Kubernetes node. Regressed in #669
(unreleased)
* Use rkt `--exec` to invoke kubectl binary in the kubelet
image
* Use podman `--entrypoint` to invoke the kubectl binary in
the kubelet image
* Kubernetes plans to stop releasing the hyperkube container image
* Upstream will continue to publish `kube-apiserver`, `kube-controller-manager`,
`kube-scheduler`, and `kube-proxy` container images to `k8s.gcr.io`
* Upstream will publish Kubelet only as a binary for distros to package,
either as a DEB/RPM on traditional distros or a container image on
container-optimized operating systems
* Typhoon will package the upstream Kubelet (checksummed) and its
dependencies as a container image for use on CoreOS Container Linux,
Flatcar Linux, and Fedora CoreOS
* Update the Typhoon container image security policy to list
`quay.io/poseidon/kubelet`as an official distributed artifact
Hyperkube: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/88676
Kubelet Container Image: https://github.com/poseidon/kubelet
Kubelet Quay Repo: https://quay.io/repository/poseidon/kubelet
* Quay has historically generated ACI signatures for images to
facilitate rkt's notions of verification (it allowed authors to
actually sign images, though `--trust-keys-from-https` is in use
since etcd and most authors don't sign images). OCI standardization
didn't adopt verification ideas and checking signatures has fallen
out of favor.
* Fix an issue where Quay no longer seems to be generating ACI
signatures for new images (e.g. quay.io/coreos/etcd:v.3.4.4)
* Don't be alarmed by rkt `--insecure-options=image`. It refers
to disabling image signature checking (i.e. docker pull doesn't
check signatures either)
* System containers for Kubelet and bootstrap have transitioned
to the docker:// transport, so there is precedent and this brings
all the system containers on Container Linux controllers into
alignment
* Add docs on manually uploading a Flatcar Linux DigitalOcean
bin image as a custom image and using a data reference
* Set status of Flatcar Linux on DigitalOcean to alpha
* IPv6 is not supported for DigitalOcean custom images
* Inlining the Kubelet service removed the need for the
kubelet.env file declared in Ignition. However, on some
platforms, this removed the guarantee that /etc/kubernetes
exists. Bare-Metal and DigitalOcean distribute the kubelet
kubeconfig through Terraform file provisioner (scp) and
place it in (now missing) /etc/kubernetes
* https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/pull/606
* Fix bare-metal and DigitalOcean Ignition to ensure the
desired directory exists following first boot from disk
* Cloud platforms with worker pools distribute the kubeconfig
through Ignition user data (no impact or need)
* Configure kube-proxy --metrics-bind-address=0.0.0.0 (default
127.0.0.1) to serve metrics on 0.0.0.0:10249
* Add firewall rules to allow Prometheus (resides on a worker) to
scrape kube-proxy service endpoints on controllers or workers
* Add a clusterIP: None service for kube-proxy endpoint discovery
* Change kubelet.service on Container Linux nodes to ExecStart Kubelet
inline to replace the use of the host OS kubelet-wrapper script
* Express rkt run flags and volume mounts in a clear, uniform way to
make the Kubelet service easier to audit, manage, and understand
* Eliminate reliance on a Container Linux kubelet-wrapper script
* Typhoon for Fedora CoreOS developed a kubelet.service that similarly
uses an inline ExecStart (except with podman instead of rkt) and a
more minimal set of volume mounts. Adopt the volume improvements:
* Change Kubelet /etc/kubernetes volume to read-only
* Change Kubelet /etc/resolv.conf volume to read-only
* Remove unneeded /var/lib/cni volume mount
Background:
* kubelet-wrapper was added in CoreOS around the time of Kubernetes v1.0
to simplify running a CoreOS-built hyperkube ACI image via rkt-fly. The
script defaults are no longer ideal (e.g. rkt's notion of trust dates
back to quay.io ACI image serving and signing, which informed the OCI
standard images we use today, though they still lack rkt's signing ideas).
* Shipping kubelet-wrapper was regretted at CoreOS, but remains in the
distro for compatibility. The script is not updated to track hyperkube
changes, but it is stable and kubelet.env overrides bridge most gaps
* Typhoon Container Linux nodes have used kubelet-wrapper to rkt/rkt-fly
run the Kubelet via the official k8s.gcr.io hyperkube image using overrides
(new image registry, new image format, restart handling, new mounts, new
entrypoint in v1.17).
* Observation: Most of what it takes to run a Kubelet container is defined
in Typhoon, not in kubelet-wrapper. The wrapper's value is now undermined
by having to workaround its dated defaults. Typhoon may be better served
defining Kubelet.service explicitly
* Typhoon for Fedora CoreOS developed a kubelet.service without the use
of a host OS kubelet-wrapper which is both clearer and eliminated some
volume mounts
* Rename Container Linux Config (CLC) files to *.yaml to align
with Fedora CoreOS Config (FCC) files and for syntax highlighting
* Replace common uses of Terraform `element` (which wraps around)
with `list[index]` syntax to surface index errors
* Original tutorials favored including the platform (e.g.
google-cloud) in modules (e.g. google-cloud-yavin). Prefer
naming conventions where each module / cluster has a simple
name (e.g. yavin) since the platform is usually redundant
* Retain the example cluster naming themes per platform
* Allow generated assets (TLS materials, manifests) to be
securely distributed to controller node(s) via file provisioner
(i.e. ssh-agent) as an assets bundle file, rather than relying
on assets being locally rendered to disk in an asset_dir and
then securely distributed
* Change `asset_dir` from required to optional. Left unset,
asset_dir defaults to "" and no assets will be written to
files on the machine that runs terraform apply
* Enhancement: Managed cluster assets are kept only in Terraform
state, which supports different backends (GCS, S3, etcd, etc) and
optional encryption. terraform apply accesses state, runs in-memory,
and distributes sensitive materials to controllers without making
use of local disk (simplifies use in CI systems)
* Enhancement: Improve asset unpack and layout process to position
etcd certificates and control plane certificates more cleanly,
without unneeded secret materials
Details:
* Terraform file provisioner support for distributing directories of
contents (with unknown structure) has been limited to reading from a
local directory, meaning local writes to asset_dir were required.
https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/issues/585 discusses the problem
and newer or upcoming Terraform features that might help.
* Observation: Terraform provisioner support for single files works
well, but iteration isn't viable. We're also constrained to Terraform
language features on the apply side (no extra plugins, no shelling out)
and CoreOS / Fedora tools on the receive side.
* Take a map representation of the contents that would have been splayed
out in asset_dir and pack/encode them into a single file format devised
for easy unpacking. Use an awk one-liner on the receive side to unpack.
In pratice, this has worked well and its rather nice that a single
assets file is transferred by file provisioner (all or none)
Rel: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/162
* Fix controller and worker ipv4/ipv4 outputs to be lists of strings
* With Terraform v0.11 syntax, an enclosing list was required to coerce the
output to be a list of strings
* With Terraform v0.12 syntax, the enclosing list shouldn't be needed
* Set small CPU requests on static pods kube-apiserver,
kube-controller-manager, and kube-scheduler to align with
upstream tooling and for edge cases
* Effectively, a practical case for these requests hasn't been
observed. However, a small static pod CPU request may offer
a slight benefit if a controller became overloaded and the
below mechanisms were insufficient
Existing safeguards:
* Control plane nodes are tainted to isolate them from
ordinary workloads. Even dense workloads can only compress
CPU resources on worker nodes.
* Control plane static pods use the highest priority class, so
contention favors control plane pods (over say node-exporter)
and CPU is compressible too.
See: https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap/pull/161
* Update terraform-render-bootstrap module to adopt the
Terrform v0.12 templatefile function feature to replace
the use of terraform-provider-template's `template_dir`
* Require Terraform v0.12.6+ which adds `for_each`
Background:
* `template_dir` was added to `terraform-provider-template`
to add support for template directory rendering in CoreOS
Tectonic Kubernetes distribution (~2017)
* Terraform v0.12 introduced a native `templatefile` function
and v0.12.6 introduced native `for_each` support (July 2019)
that makes it possible to replace `template_dir` usage
* Change `networking` default from flannel to calico on
Azure and DigitalOcean
* AWS, bare-metal, and Google Cloud continue to default
to Calico (as they have since v1.7.5)
* Typhoon now defaults to using Calico and supporting
NetworkPolicy on all platforms
* Review variables available in DigitalOcean kubernetes
module and sync with documentation
* Promote Calico for DigitalOcean and Azure beyond experimental
(its the primary mode I've used since it was introduced)
* Fix issue (present since bootkube->bootstrap switch) where
controller asset copy could fail if /etc/kubernetes/manifests
wasn't created in time on platforms using path activation for
the Kubelet (observed on DigitalOcean, also possible on
bare-metal)
* Drop `node-role.kubernetes.io/master` and
`node-role.kubernetes.io/node` node labels
* Kubelet (v1.16) now rejects the node labels used
in the kubectl get nodes ROLES output
* https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/75457
* Rename render module from bootkube to bootstrap. Avoid
confusion with the kubernetes-incubator/bootkube tool since
it is no longer used
* Use the poseidon/terraform-render-bootstrap Terraform module
(formerly poseidon/terraform-render-bootkube)
* https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootkube/pull/149
* Run a kube-apiserver, kube-scheduler, and kube-controller-manager
static pod on each controller node. Previously, kube-apiserver was
self-hosted as a DaemonSet across controllers and kube-scheduler
and kube-controller-manager were a Deployment (with 2 or
controller_count many replicas).
* Remove bootkube bootstrap and pivot to self-hosted
* Remove pod-checkpointer manifests (no longer needed)
* Allow updating terraform-provider-ct to any release
beyond v0.3.2, but below v1.0. This relaxes the prior
constraint that allowed only v0.3.y provider versions
* Run kube-apiserver as a non-root user (nobody). User
no longer needs to bind low number ports.
* On most platforms, the kube-apiserver load balancer listens
on 6443 and fronts controllers with kube-apiserver pods using
port 6443. Google Cloud TCP proxy load balancers cannot listen
on 6443. However, GCP's load balancer can be made to listen on
443, while kube-apiserver uses 6443 across all platforms.
* Replace v0.11 bracket type hints with Terraform v0.12 list expressions
* Use expression syntax instead of interpolated strings, where suggested
* Update DigitalOcean tutorial documentation
* Define Terraform and plugin version requirements in versions.tf
* Require digitalocean ~> v1.3 to support Terraform v0.12
* Require ct ~> v0.3.2 to support Terraform v0.12
* Fix to remove a trailing slash that was erroneously introduced
in the scripting that updated from v1.14.1 to v1.14.2
* Workaround before this fix was to re-run `terraform init`
* Introduce "calico" as a `networking` option on Azure and DigitalOcean
using Calico's new VXLAN support (similar to flannel). Flannel remains
the default on these platforms for now.
* Historically, DigitalOcean and Azure only allowed Flannel as the
CNI provider, since those platforms don't support IPIP traffic that
was previously required for Calico.
* Looking forward, its desireable for Calico to become the default
across Typhoon clusters, since it provides NetworkPolicy and a
consistent experience
* No changes to AWS, GCP, or bare-metal where Calico remains the
default CNI provider. On these platforms, IPIP mode will always
be used, since its available and more performant than vxlan
* DigitalOcean clusters must secure copy a kubeconfig to
worker nodes, but Terraform could decide to try copying
before firewall rules have been added to allow SSH access.
* Add an explicit dependency on adding firewall rules first
* Change flannel port from the kernel default 8472 to the
IANA assigned VXLAN port 4789
* Update firewall rules or security groups for VXLAN
* Why now? Calico now offers its own VXLAN backend so
standardizing on the IANA port will simplify config
* https://github.com/coreos/flannel/blob/master/Documentation/backends.md#vxlan
* Add an `enable_aggregation` variable to enable the kube-apiserver
aggregation layer for adding extension apiservers to clusters
* Aggregation is **disabled** by default. Typhoon recommends you not
enable aggregation. Consider whether less invasive ways to achieve your
goals are possible and whether those goals are well-founded
* Enabling aggregation and extension apiservers increases the attack
surface of a cluster and makes extensions a part of the control plane.
Admins must scrutinize and trust any extension apiserver used.
* Passing a v1.14 CNCF conformance test requires aggregation be enabled.
Having an option for aggregation keeps compliance, but retains the
stricter security posture on default clusters
* Define firewall rules on DigitialOcean to match rules used on AWS,
GCP, and Azure
* Output `controller_tag` and `worker_tag` to simplify custom firewall
rule creation
* Add calico-ipam CRDs and RBAC permissions
* Switch IPAM from host-local to calico-ipam
* `calico-ipam` subnets `ippools` (defaults to pod CIDR) into
`ipamblocks` (defaults to /26, but set to /24 in Typhoon)
* `host-local` subnets the pod CIDR based on the node PodCIDR
field (set via kube-controller-manager as /24's)
* Create a custom default IPv4 IPPool to ensure the block size
is kept at /24 to allow 110 pods per node (Kubernetes default)
* Retaining host-local was slightly preferred, but Calico v3.6
is migrating all usage to calico-ipam. The codepath that skipped
calico-ipam for KDD was removed
* https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.6/release-notes/
* Restore the original special-casing of DigitalOcean Kubelets
* Fix node metadata InternalIP being set to the IP of the default
gateway on DigitalOcean nodes (regressed in v1.12.3)
* Reverts the "pretty" node names on DigitalOcean (worker-2 vs IP)
* Closes#424 (full details)
* Resolve in-addr.arpa and ip6.arpa DNS PTR requests for Kubernetes
service IPs and pod IPs
* Previously, CoreDNS was configured to resolve in-addr.arpa PTR
records for service IPs (but not pod IPs)
* Assign pod priorityClassNames to critical cluster and node
components (higher is higher priority) to inform node out-of-resource
eviction order and scheduler preemption and scheduling order
* Priority Admission Controller has been enabled since Typhoon
v1.11.1
* Fix a regression caused by lowering the Kubelet TLS client
certificate to system:nodes group (#100) since dropping
cluster-admin dropped the Kubelet's ability to delete nodes.
* On clouds where workers can scale down (manual terraform apply,
AWS spot termination, Azure low priority deletion), worker shutdown
runs the delete-node.service to remove a node to prevent NotReady
nodes from accumulating
* Allow Kubelets to delete cluster nodes via system:nodes group. Kubelets
acting with system:node and kubelet-delete ClusterRoles is still an
improvement over acting as cluster-admin
* System components that require certificates signed by the cluster
CA can submit a CSR to the apiserver, have an administrator inspect
and approve it, and be issued a certificate
* Configure kube-controller-manager to sign Approved CSR's using the
cluster CA private key
* Admins are responsible for approving or denying CSRs, otherwise,
no certificate is issued. Read the Kubernetes docs carefully and
verify the entity making the request and the authorization level
* https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tls/managing-tls-in-a-cluster
* Use a single admin kubeconfig for initial bootkube bootstrap
and for use by a human admin. Previously, an admin kubeconfig
without a named context was used for bootstrap and direct usage
with KUBECONFIG=path, while one with a named context was used
for `kubectl config use-context` style usage. Confusing.
* Provide the admin kubeconfig via `assets/auth/kubeconfig`,
`assets/auth/CLUSTER-config`, or output `kubeconfig-admin`
* terraform-render-bootkube module deprecated kube_dns_service_ip
output in favor of cluster_dns_service_ip
* Rename k8s_dns_service_ip to cluster_dns_service_ip for
consistency too
* Kubelets can use a lower-privilege TLS client certificate with
Org system:nodes and a binding to the system:node ClusterRole
* Admin kubeconfig's continue to belong to Org system:masters to
provide cluster-admin (available in assets/auth/kubeconfig or as
a Terraform output kubeconfig-admin)
* Remove bare-metal output variable kubeconfig
* Add ServiceAccounts and ClusterRoleBindings for kube-apiserver
and kube-scheduler
* Remove the ClusterRoleBinding for the kube-system default ServiceAccount
* Rename the CA certificate CommonName for consistency with upstream
* Add kube-router for pod networking and NetworkPolicy
as an experiment
* Experiments are not documented or supported in any way,
and may be removed without notice. They have known issues
and aren't enabled without special options.
* Remove bullet about isolating workloads on workers, its
now common practice and new users will assume it
* List advanced features available in each module
* Fix erroneous Kubernetes version listing for Google Cloud
Fedora Atomic
* Calico Felix has been reporting anonymous usage data about the
version and cluster size, which violates Typhoon's privacy policy
where analytics should be opt-in only
* Add a variable enable_reporting (default: false) to allow opting
in to reporting usage data to Calico (or future components)
* loop sends an initial query to detect infinite forwarding
loops in configured upstream DNS servers and fast exit with
an error (its a fatal misconfiguration on the network that
will otherwise cause resolvers to consume memory/CPU until
crashing, masking the problem)
* https://github.com/coredns/coredns/tree/master/plugin/loop
* loadbalance randomizes the ordering of A, AAAA, and MX records
in responses to provide round-robin load balancing (as usual,
clients may still cache responses though)
* https://github.com/coredns/coredns/tree/master/plugin/loadbalance
* Prefer InternalIP and ExternalIP over the node's hostname,
to match upstream behavior and kubeadm
* Previously, hostname-override was used to set node names
to internal IP's to work around some cloud providers not
resolving hostnames for instances (e.g. DO droplets)
* Updating the `terraform-provider-ct` plugin is known to produce
a `user_data` diff in all pre-existing clusters. Applying the
diff to pre-existing cluster destroys controller nodes
* Ignore changes to controller `user_data`. Once all managed
clusters use a release containing this change, it is possible
to update the `terraform-provider-ct` plugin (worker `user_data`
will still be modified)
* Changing the module `ref` for an existing cluster and
re-applying is still NOT supported (although this PR
would protect controllers from being destroyed)
* Improve the workers "round-robin" DNS FQDN that is created
with each cluster by adding AAAA records
* CNAME's resolving to the DigitalOcean `workers_dns` output
can be followed to find a droplet's IPv4 or IPv6 address
* The CNI portmap plugin doesn't support IPv6. Hosting IPv6
apps is possible, but requires editing the nginx-ingress
addon with `hostNetwork: true`
* Run at least two replicas of CoreDNS to better support
rolling updates (previously, kube-dns had a pod nanny)
* On multi-master clusters, set the CoreDNS replica count
to match the number of masters (e.g. a 3-master cluster
previously used replicas:1, now replicas:3)
* Add AntiAffinity preferred rule to favor distributing
CoreDNS pods across controller nodes nodes
* Continue to ensure scheduler and controller-manager run
at least two replicas to support performing kubectl edits
on single-master clusters (no change)
* For multi-master clusters, set scheduler / controller-manager
replica count to the number of masters (e.g. a 3-master cluster
previously used replicas:2, now replicas:3)
* Require a terraform-provider-digitalocean plugin version of
1.0 or higher within the same major version (e.g. allow 1.1 but
not 2.0)
* Change requirement from ~> 0.1.2 (which allowed up to but not
including 1.0 release)
* Add new bird and felix readiness checks
* Read MTU from ConfigMap veth_mtu
* Add RBAC read for serviceaccounts
* Remove invalid description from CRDs
* Release v1.11.1 erroneously left Fedora Atomic clusters using
the v1.11.0 Kubelet. The rest of the control plane ran v1.11.1
as expected
* Update Kubelet from v1.11.0 to v1.11.1 so Fedora Atomic matches
Container Linux
* Container Linux modules were not affected
* Adjust firewall rules, security groups, cloud load balancers,
and generated kubeconfig's
* Facilitates some future simplifications and cost reductions
* Bare-Metal users who exposed kube-apiserver on a WAN via their
router or load balancer will need to adjust its configuration.
This is uncommon, most apiserver are on LAN and/or behind VPN
so no routing infrastructure is configured with the port number
* Raise minimum Terraform version to v0.11.0
* Terraform v0.11.x has been supported since Typhoon v1.9.2
and Terraform v0.10.x was last released in Nov 2017. I'd like
to stop worrying about v0.10.x and remove migration docs as
a later followup
* Migration docs docs/topics/maintenance.md#terraform-v011x
* (containerized) kube-proxy warns that it is unable to
load the ip_vs kernel module despite having the correct
mounts. Atomic uses an xz compressed module and modprobe
in the container was not compiled with compression support
* Workaround issue for now by always loading ip_vs on-host
* https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/60
* Use the upstream bootkube image packaged with the
required metadata to be usable as a system container
under systemd
* Run bootkube with runc so no host level components
use Docker any more. Docker is still the runtime
* Remove bootkube script and old systemd unit
* Change kubelet system image to use --cgroups-per-qos=true
(default) instead of false
* Change kubelet system image to use --enforce-node-allocatable=pods
instead of an empty string
* Fix kubelet port-forward on Google Cloud / Fedora Atomic
* Mount the host's /etc/hosts in kubelet system containers
* Problem: kubelet runc system containers on Atomic were not
mounting the host's /etc/hosts, like rkt-fly does on Container
Linux. `kubectl port-forward` calls socat with localhost. DNS
servers on AWS, DO, and in many bare-metal environments resolve
localhost to the caller as a convenience. Google Cloud notably
does not nor is it required to do so and this surfaced the
missing /etc/hosts in runc kubelet namespaces.
* Enable etcd v3.3 metrics to expose metrics for
scraping by Prometheus
* Use k8s.gcr.io instead of gcr.io/google_containers
* Add flexvolume plugin mount to controller manager
* Update kube-dns from v1.14.8 to v1.14.9
* Mount /opt/cni/bin in kubelet system container so
CNI plugin binaries can be found. Before, flannel
worked because the kubelet falls back to flannel
plugin baked into the hyperkube (undesired)
* Move the CNI bin install location later, since /opt
changes may be lost between ostree rebases
* Use the upstream hyperkube image packaged with the
required metadata to be usable as a system container
under systemd
* Fix port-forward since socat is included
* Update manifests for Kubernetes v1.10.0
* Update etcd from v3.3.2 to v3.3.3
* Add disk_type optional variable on AWS
* Remove redundant kubeconfig copy on AWS
* Distribute etcd secres only to controllers
* Organize module variables and ssh steps
* Use etcd v3.3 --listen-metrics-urls to expose only metrics
data via http://0.0.0.0:2381 on controllers
* Add Prometheus discovery for etcd peers on controller nodes
* Temporarily drop two noisy Prometheus alerts
* AWS and Google Cloud make use of auto-scaling groups
and managed instance groups, respectively. As such, the
kubeconfig is already held in cloud user-data
* Controller instances are provisioned with a kubeconfig
from user-data. Its redundant to use a Terraform remote
file copy step for the kubeconfig.
* Calico isn't viable on Digital Ocean because their firewalls
do not support IP-IP protocol. Its not viable to run a cluster
without firewalls just to use Calico.
* Remove the caveat note. Don't allow users to shoot themselves
in the foot
* Introduce the ability to support Container Linux Config
"snippets" for controllers and workers on cloud platforms.
This allows end-users to customize hosts by providing Container
Linux configs that are additively merged into the base configs
defined by Typhoon. Config snippets are validated, merged, and
show any errors during `terraform plan`
* Example uses include adding systemd units, network configs,
mounts, files, raid arrays, or other disk provisioning features
provided by Container Linux Configs (using Ignition low-level)
* Requires terraform-provider-ct v0.2.1 plugin
* Add a node-role.kubernetes.io/controller="true" node label
to controllers so Prometheus service discovery can filter to
services that only run on controllers (i.e. masters)
* Leave node-role.kubernetes.io/master="" untouched as its
a Kubernetes convention
* Set Kubelet search path for flexvolume plugins
to /var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins
* Add support for flexvolume plugins on AWS, GCE, and DO
* See 9548572d98 which added flexvolume support for bare-metal
* Remove PersistentVolumeLabel admission controller flag
* Switch Deployments and DaemonSets to apps/v1
* Minor update to pod-checkpointer image version
* Add flannel service account and limited RBAC cluster role
* Change DaemonSets to tolerate NoSchedule and NoExecute taints
* Remove deprecated apiserver --etcd-quorum-read flag
* Update Calico from v3.0.1 to v3.0.2
* Add Calico GlobalNetworkSet CRD
* https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootkube/pull/44
* Change port range from keyword "all" to "1-65535", which is the
same but with digitalocean provider 0.1.3 doesn't produce a diff
* Rearrange egress firewall rules to order the Digtial Ocean API
and provider returns. In current testing, this fixes the last diff
that was present on `terraform plan`.
* Allow kube-dns to respond to DNS queries with a custom
suffix, instead of the default 'cluster.local'
* Useful when multiple clusters exist on the same local
network and wish to query services on one another
* When restarting masters, `etcd-member.service` may fail to lookup peers if
/etc/resolv.conf hasn't been populated yet. Require the wait-for-dns.service.
* Update hyperkube from v1.8.3 to v1.8.4
* Remove flock from bootstrap-apiserver and kube-apiserver
* Remove unused critical-pod annotations in manifests
* Use service accounts for kube-proxy and pod-checkpointer
* Update Calico from v2.6.1 to v2.6.3
* Update flannel from v0.9.0 to v0.9.1
* Remove Calico termination grace period to prevent calico
from getting stuck for extended periods
* https://github.com/poseidon/terraform-render-bootkube/pull/29
* Change controllers ASG to heterogeneous EC2 instances
* Create DNS records for each controller's private IP for etcd
* Change etcd to run on-host, across controllers (etcd-member.service)
* Reduce time to bootstrap a cluster
* Deprecate self-hosted-etcd on the AWS platform
* Change controllers from a managed group to individual instances
* Create discrete DNS records to each controller's private IP for etcd
* Change etcd to run on-host, across controllers (etcd-member.service)
* Reduce time to bootstrap a cluster
* Deprecate self-hosted-etcd on the Google Cloud platform
* Kubernetes v1.8.2 fixes a memory leak in the v1.8.1 apiserver
* Switch to using the `gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube` for the
on-host kubelet and shutdown drains
* Update terraform-render-bootkube manifests generation
* Update flannel from v0.8.0 to v0.9.0
* Add `hairpinMode` to flannel CNI config
* Add `--no-negcache` to kube-dns dnsmasq
* Run etcd peers with TLS across controller nodes
* Deprecate self-hosted-etcd on the Digital Ocean platform
* Distribute etcd TLS certificates as part of initial provisioning
* Check the status of etcd by running `systemctl status etcd-member`
