typhoon/docs/aws.md

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# AWS
In this tutorial, we'll create a Kubernetes v1.9.5 cluster on AWS.
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We'll declare a Kubernetes cluster in Terraform using the Typhoon Terraform module. On apply, a VPC, gateway, subnets, auto-scaling groups of controllers and workers, network load balancers for controllers and workers, and security groups will be created.
Controllers and workers are provisioned to run a `kubelet`. A one-time [bootkube](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/bootkube) bootstrap schedules an `apiserver`, `scheduler`, `controller-manager`, and `kube-dns` on controllers and runs `kube-proxy` and `calico` or `flannel` on each node. A generated `kubeconfig` provides `kubectl` access to the cluster.
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## Requirements
* AWS Account and IAM credentials
* AWS Route53 DNS Zone (registered Domain Name or delegated subdomain)
* Terraform v0.11.x and [terraform-provider-ct](https://github.com/coreos/terraform-provider-ct) installed locally
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## Terraform Setup
Install [Terraform](https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html) v0.11.x on your system.
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```sh
$ terraform version
Terraform v0.11.1
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```
Add the [terraform-provider-ct](https://github.com/coreos/terraform-provider-ct) plugin binary for your system.
```sh
wget https://github.com/coreos/terraform-provider-ct/releases/download/v0.2.1/terraform-provider-ct-v0.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xzf terraform-provider-ct-v0.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv terraform-provider-ct-v0.2.1-linux-amd64/terraform-provider-ct /usr/local/bin/
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```
Add the plugin to your `~/.terraformrc`.
```
providers {
ct = "/usr/local/bin/terraform-provider-ct"
}
```
Read [concepts](concepts.md) to learn about Terraform, modules, and organizing resources. Change to your infrastructure repository (e.g. `infra`).
```
cd infra/clusters
```
## Provider
Login to your AWS IAM dashboard and find your IAM user. Select "Security Credentials" and create an access key. Save the id and secret to a file that can be referenced in configs.
```
[default]
aws_access_key_id = xxx
aws_secret_access_key = yyy
```
Configure the AWS provider to use your access key credentials in a `providers.tf` file.
```tf
provider "aws" {
version = "~> 1.5.0"
alias = "default"
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region = "eu-central-1"
shared_credentials_file = "/home/user/.config/aws/credentials"
}
provider "local" {
version = "~> 1.0"
alias = "default"
}
provider "null" {
version = "~> 1.0"
alias = "default"
}
provider "template" {
version = "~> 1.0"
alias = "default"
}
provider "tls" {
version = "~> 1.0"
alias = "default"
}
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```
Additional configuration options are described in the `aws` provider [docs](https://www.terraform.io/docs/providers/aws/).
!!! tip
Regions are listed in [docs](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html#ec2_region) or with `aws ec2 describe-regions`.
## Cluster
Define a Kubernetes cluster using the module `aws/container-linux/kubernetes`.
```tf
module "aws-tempest" {
source = "git::https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon//aws/container-linux/kubernetes?ref=v1.9.5"
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providers = {
aws = "aws.default"
local = "local.default"
null = "null.default"
template = "template.default"
tls = "tls.default"
}
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cluster_name = "tempest"
# AWS
dns_zone = "aws.example.com"
dns_zone_id = "Z3PAABBCFAKEC0"
controller_count = 1
controller_type = "t2.medium"
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worker_count = 2
worker_type = "t2.small"
ssh_authorized_key = "ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz..."
# bootkube
asset_dir = "/home/user/.secrets/clusters/tempest"
}
```
Reference the [variables docs](#variables) or the [variables.tf](https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon/blob/master/aws/container-linux/kubernetes/variables.tf) source.
## ssh-agent
Initial bootstrapping requires `bootkube.service` be started on one controller node. Terraform uses `ssh-agent` to automate this step. Add your SSH private key to `ssh-agent`.
```sh
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
ssh-add -L
```
!!! warning
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`terraform apply` will hang connecting to a controller if `ssh-agent` does not contain the SSH key.
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## Apply
Initialize the config directory if this is the first use with Terraform.
```sh
terraform init
```
Get or update Terraform modules.
```sh
$ terraform get # downloads missing modules
$ terraform get --update # updates all modules
Get: git::https://github.com/poseidon/typhoon (update)
Get: git::https://github.com/poseidon/bootkube-terraform.git?ref=v0.11.0 (update)
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```
Plan the resources to be created.
```sh
$ terraform plan
Plan: 98 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
```
Apply the changes to create the cluster.
```sh
$ terraform apply
...
module.aws-tempest.null_resource.bootkube-start: Still creating... (4m50s elapsed)
module.aws-tempest.null_resource.bootkube-start: Still creating... (5m0s elapsed)
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module.aws-tempest.null_resource.bootkube-start: Creation complete after 11m8s (ID: 3961816482286168143)
Apply complete! Resources: 98 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.
```
In 4-8 minutes, the Kubernetes cluster will be ready.
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## Verify
[Install kubectl](https://coreos.com/kubernetes/docs/latest/configure-kubectl.html) on your system. Use the generated `kubeconfig` credentials to access the Kubernetes cluster and list nodes.
```
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$ export KUBECONFIG=/home/user/.secrets/clusters/tempest/auth/kubeconfig
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$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS AGE VERSION
ip-10-0-12-221 Ready 34m v1.9.5
ip-10-0-19-112 Ready 34m v1.9.5
ip-10-0-4-22 Ready 34m v1.9.5
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```
List the pods.
```
$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-node-1m5bf 2/2 Running 0 34m
kube-system calico-node-7jmr1 2/2 Running 0 34m
kube-system calico-node-bknc8 2/2 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-apiserver-4mjbk 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-3597210155-j2jbt 1/1 Running 1 34m
kube-system kube-controller-manager-3597210155-j7g7x 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-dns-1187388186-wx1lg 3/3 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-proxy-14wxv 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-proxy-9vxh2 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-proxy-sbbsh 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-scheduler-3359497473-5plhf 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system kube-scheduler-3359497473-r7zg7 1/1 Running 1 34m
kube-system pod-checkpointer-4kxtl 1/1 Running 0 34m
kube-system pod-checkpointer-4kxtl-ip-10-0-12-221 1/1 Running 0 33m
```
## Going Further
Learn about [maintenance](topics/maintenance.md) and [addons](addons/overview.md).
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!!! note
On Container Linux clusters, install the `CLUO` addon to coordinate reboots and drains when nodes auto-update. Otherwise, updates may not be applied until the next reboot.
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## Variables
### Required
| Name | Description | Example |
|:-----|:------------|:--------|
| cluster_name | Unique cluster name (prepended to dns_zone) | "tempest" |
| dns_zone | AWS Route53 DNS zone | "aws.example.com" |
| dns_zone_id | AWS Route53 DNS zone id | "Z3PAABBCFAKEC0" |
| ssh_authorized_key | SSH public key for ~/.ssh_authorized_keys | "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NZ..." |
| asset_dir | Path to a directory where generated assets should be placed (contains secrets) | "/home/user/.secrets/clusters/tempest" |
#### DNS Zone
Clusters create a DNS A record `${cluster_name}.${dns_zone}` to resolve a network load balancer backed by controller instances. This FQDN is used by workers and `kubectl` to access the apiserver. In this example, the cluster's apiserver would be accessible at `tempest.aws.example.com`.
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You'll need a registered domain name or subdomain registered in a AWS Route53 DNS zone. You can set this up once and create many clusters with unique names.
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```tf
resource "aws_route53_zone" "zone-for-clusters" {
name = "aws.example.com."
}
```
Reference the DNS zone id with `"${aws_route53_zone.zone-for-clusters.zone_id}"`.
!!! tip ""
If you have an existing domain name with a zone file elsewhere, just carve out a subdomain that can be managed on Route53 (e.g. aws.mydomain.com) and [update nameservers](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/SOA-NSrecords.html).
### Optional
| Name | Description | Default | Example |
|:-----|:------------|:--------|:--------|
| controller_count | Number of controllers (i.e. masters) | 1 | 1 |
| controller_type | Controller EC2 instance type | "t2.small" | "t2.medium" |
| worker_count | Number of workers | 1 | 3 |
| worker_type | Worker EC2 instance type | "t2.small" | "t2.medium" |
| os_channel | Container Linux AMI channel | stable | stable, beta, alpha |
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| disk_size | Size of the EBS volume in GB | "40" | "100" |
| networking | Choice of networking provider | "calico" | "calico" or "flannel" |
| network_mtu | CNI interface MTU (calico only) | 1480 | 8981 |
| host_cidr | CIDR range to assign to EC2 instances | "10.0.0.0/16" | "10.1.0.0/16" |
| pod_cidr | CIDR range to assign to Kubernetes pods | "10.2.0.0/16" | "10.22.0.0/16" |
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| service_cidr | CIDR range to assign to Kubernetes services | "10.3.0.0/16" | "10.3.0.0/24" |
| cluster_domain_suffix | FQDN suffix for Kubernetes services answered by kube-dns. | "cluster.local" | "k8s.example.com" |
| controller_clc_snippets | Controller Container Linux Config snippets | [] | |
| worker_clc_snippets | Worker Container Linux Config snippets | [] | |
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Check the list of valid [instance types](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/).
!!! tip "MTU"
If your EC2 instance type supports [Jumbo frames](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/network_mtu.html#jumbo_frame_instances) (most do), we recommend you change the `network_mtu` to 8991! You will get better pod-to-pod bandwidth.