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<h1>&nbsp; &nbsp; Programmation python</h1>
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<div class="section" id="tests-unitaires-et-pile-d-appels">
<h1>Tests unitaires et pile d’appels<a class="headerlink" href="#tests-unitaires-et-pile-d-appels" title="Lien permanent vers ce titre"></a></h1>
<p>Les tests automatiques sont un complément à la déclaration des types.</p>
<p>que tester, quoi tester ?</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>que les composants interagissent bien entre eux</li>
<li>que les unités (fonctions, objets…) réagissent bien à une entrée spécifique</li>
<li>que le code se comporte de la manière attendue dans des environnements différents
(systèmes d’exploitation, etc…)</li>
</ul>
<p>les types de tests :</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>tests unitaires</li>
<li>tests fonctionnels</li>
<li>tests d’acceptation</li>
<li>tests d’intégration</li>
</ul>
<p>Quel outil utiliser ?</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>la <a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html"><span class="doc">La librairie standard</span></a> propose le module <a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: module de tests unitaires"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a> et unittest2.</li>
</ul>
<span class="target" id="module-py.test"></span><ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-py.test" title="py.test: outil de test unitaires de la pylib"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">py.test</span></code></a> est <strong>le plus simple</strong> (plus simple que unittest)</li>
</ul>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://pytest.org/latest/">http://pytest.org/latest/</a></p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_simple</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;test si ma_fontion renvoie bien 3&quot;</span>
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">ma_fontion</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li><cite>py.test</cite> utilise <cite>assert</cite> et <cite>raises</cite></li>
<li><cite>unittest</cite> necessite de faire sytématiquement une classe, puis <cite>assertEqual()</cite></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="stdlib.html#module-doctest" title="doctest: module de tests unitaires basé sur les docstrings"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">doctest</span></code></a> est plus simple mais charge trop les docstrings</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-0">
<p class="first admonition-title">À faire</p>
<p class="last">écrire un test unitaire avec <cite>py.test</cite> pour la fonction suivante</p>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>installer le paquet <cite>python-pytest</cite></li>
<li>écrire un fichier avec une fonction dedans</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">double</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>écrire un fichier commençant par <cite>test_</cite> qui teste les fonctions du fichier</li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="options-utiles-dans-py-test">
<h2>options utiles dans <cite>py.test</cite><a class="headerlink" href="#options-utiles-dans-py-test" title="Lien permanent vers ce titre"></a></h2>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">tb</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">no</span>
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">tb</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">short</span>
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dernière</span> <span class="n">erreur</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="s1">&#39;est comme nocapture en fait)</span>
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">nocapture</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">pdb</span>
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xl</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">pdb</span>
<span class="n">py</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="n">test_simple</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>utiliser le module <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pdb" title="pdb: debugger de la lib standard"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code></a></p>
<span class="target" id="module-pdb"></span><div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pdb</span>
<span class="n">pdb</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_trace</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>depuis py.test :</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pytest</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_function</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="n">pytest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_trace</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># invoke PDB debugger and tracing</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Remarquons que <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pdb" title="pdb: debugger de la lib standard"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pdb</span></code></a> utilise le module <a class="reference internal" href="prompt.html#module-cmd" title="cmd: interpréteur ligne de commande"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">cmd</span></code></a>, voir <a class="reference internal" href="prompt.html#cmdlabel"><span class="std std-ref">le module cmd et les interpréteurs</span></a> qu’on a déjà vu précedemment</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pdb</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">h</span>
<span class="n">Documented</span> <span class="n">commands</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span> <span class="n">help</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">topic</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="o">========================================</span>
<span class="n">EOF</span> <span class="n">bt</span> <span class="n">cont</span> <span class="n">enable</span> <span class="n">jump</span> <span class="n">pp</span> <span class="n">run</span> <span class="n">unt</span>
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">continue</span> <span class="n">exit</span> <span class="n">l</span> <span class="n">q</span> <span class="n">s</span> <span class="n">until</span>
<span class="n">alias</span> <span class="n">cl</span> <span class="n">d</span> <span class="n">h</span> <span class="nb">list</span> <span class="n">quit</span> <span class="n">step</span> <span class="n">up</span>
<span class="n">args</span> <span class="n">clear</span> <span class="n">debug</span> <span class="n">help</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="n">tbreak</span> <span class="n">w</span>
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="n">commands</span> <span class="n">disable</span> <span class="n">ignore</span> <span class="nb">next</span> <span class="n">restart</span> <span class="n">u</span> <span class="n">whatis</span>
<span class="k">break</span> <span class="n">condition</span> <span class="n">down</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="n">p</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">unalias</span> <span class="n">where</span>
<span class="n">Miscellaneous</span> <span class="n">help</span> <span class="n">topics</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="o">==========================</span>
<span class="n">exec</span> <span class="n">pdb</span>
<span class="n">Undocumented</span> <span class="n">commands</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="o">======================</span>
<span class="n">retval</span> <span class="n">rv</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pdb</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>last but not least :</p>
<p>utiliser pylint ou pychecker</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">apt</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">get</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">pylint</span>
</pre></div>
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