corrections coquilles
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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Organisation modulaire
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modules chargés et modules importés
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modules chargés et modules importés
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--------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------
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Les modules susceptibles d'être chargés sont dans le :envvar:`PYTHNONPATH`.
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Les modules susceptibles d'être chargés sont dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`.
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Mais comment peut-on savoir ou ils sont physiquement (sur le disque dur) ?
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Mais comment peut-on savoir ou ils sont physiquement (sur le disque dur) ?
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.. envvar:: `sys.modules`
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.. envvar:: `sys.modules`
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@ -118,6 +118,66 @@ index(), find(), replace()
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['df', 'df', 'df', 'df', 'df']
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['df', 'df', 'df', 'df', 'df']
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>>>
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>>>
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unicode
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------------
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En python 2.X : deux types : `str` et `unicode` (en python 3 ces types sont unifiés)
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on peut facilement tomber sur des erreurs unicode::
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UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0:
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ordinal not in range(128)
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- l'encodage (unicode):
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on part d'un objet unicode :
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>>> u = u"éèà bla"
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>>> u
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u'\xe9\xe8\xe0 bla'
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on le transforme en string utf-8 :
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>>> u.encode("utf-8")
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'\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa8\xc3\xa0 bla'
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>>> print u.encode("utf-8")
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éèà bla
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>>>
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on peut partir d'une string en utf-8, puis::
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manips importantes de traitement unicode (si on n'est pas en python 3)
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>>> u = u"ésdsfè"
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>>> u
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u'\xe9sdsf\xe8'
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>>> print u
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ésdsfè
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>>> str(u)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0:
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ordinal not in range(128)
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>>> u.encode("utf-8")
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'\xc3\xa9sdsf\xc3\xa8'
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>>> s = u.encode("utf-8")
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>>> type(s)
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<type 'str'>
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>>>
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Il faut utiliser ``.encode()``, et pas ``.decode()``::
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if type(s) == unicode #types.UnicodeType:
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bla bla
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if type(s) == str:
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rien à faire
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manipulations diverses :
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- enlever les accents
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- enlever les accents
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>>> import unicodedata
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>>> import unicodedata
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@ -136,52 +196,11 @@ u'un ete meme pas chaud'
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>>> string.punctuation
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>>> string.punctuation
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'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
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'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
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- l'encodage (unicode):
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>>> u = u"éèà bla"
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>>> u
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u'\xe9\xe8\xe0 bla'
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>>> u.encode("utf-8")
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'\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa8\xc3\xa0 bla'
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>>> print u.encode("utf-8")
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éèà bla
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>>>
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manips importantes de traitement unicode (si on n'est pas en python 3)
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tuples, listes, dictionnaires
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---------------------------------
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>>> u = u"ésdsfè"
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>>> u
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u'\xe9sdsf\xe8'
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>>> print u
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ésdsfè
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>>> str(u)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0:
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ordinal not in range(128)
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>>> u.decode("utf-8")
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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File "/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/utf_8.py", line 16, in decode
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return codecs.utf_8_decode(input, errors, True)
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UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0:
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ordinal not in range(128)
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>>> u.encode("utf-8")
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'\xc3\xa9sdsf\xc3\xa8'
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>>> s = u.encode("utf-8")
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>>> type(s)
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<type 'str'>
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>>>
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Il faut utiliser ``.encode()``, et pas ``.decode()``::
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if type(s) == unicode #types.UnicodeType:
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bla bla
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if type(s) == str:
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rien à faire
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- tuples, listes, dictionnaires
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>>> t = (1,2,3)
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>>> t = (1,2,3)
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>>> l = [1,2,3]
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>>> l = [1,2,3]
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@ -199,7 +218,52 @@ Il faut utiliser ``.encode()``, et pas ``.decode()``::
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>>> l
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>>> l
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['e', 'q']
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['e', 'q']
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>>>
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>>>
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exercice
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-------------
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écrire la string "1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9" programmatiquement
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>>> [str(i) for i in l]
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['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
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>>> l2 = []
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>>> for i in l:
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... l2.append(str(i))
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...
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>>> l2
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['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
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>>>
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>>> l = range(1,9)
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>>> l2 = [str(i) for i in l]
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>>> "-".join(l2)
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'1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8'
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>>> s= "-"
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>>> l2.extend(range(20))
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>>> l2
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['1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
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>>> l + l2
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[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, '1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
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>>> l.extend(l2)
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KeyboardInterrupt
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>>> l = []
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>>> l = list()
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>>> list
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<type 'list'>
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>>> list()
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[]
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>>> list(range(2))
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[0, 1]
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>>> tuple
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<type 'tuple'>
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>>> t = (1,2,3)
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>>> t
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(1, 2, 3)
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>>> list(t)
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[1, 2, 3]
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>>> t
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(1, 2, 3)
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>>> type(t)
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<type 'tuple'>
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>>>
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.. important:: utiliser get plutôt que l'accès par items lorsque l'on n'est pas sûr
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.. important:: utiliser get plutôt que l'accès par items lorsque l'on n'est pas sûr
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