diff --git a/python/python3/en/Makefile b/python/python3/en/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fdc1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation +# + +# You can set these variables from the command line. +SPHINXOPTS = +SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build +SPHINXPROJ = pyfun +SOURCEDIR = . +BUILDDIR = _build + +# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help". +help: + @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) + +.PHONY: help Makefile + +# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new +# "make mode" option. $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS). +%: Makefile + @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/base-type.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/base-type.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e7e9441 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/base-type.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/base-type2.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/base-type2.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dcca2b Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/base-type2.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/cipher.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/cipher.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a667af Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/cipher.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/codingstandards.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/codingstandards.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79f31b7 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/codingstandards.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/dicttype.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/dicttype.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f21fcb Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/dicttype.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/documenting.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/documenting.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6bac50 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/documenting.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/duration.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/duration.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d763541 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/duration.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6bb50d3 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/functype.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/functype.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d82f9f Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/functype.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/getting-started.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/getting-started.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..372cd36 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/getting-started.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/index.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/index.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d27715 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/index.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/introspection.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/introspection.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..850189d Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/introspection.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/notebooks/pandas.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/notebooks/pandas.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..205fced Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/notebooks/pandas.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/sdl.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/sdl.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3924b2 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/sdl.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/utilities.doctree b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/utilities.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..407c9f2 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/doctrees/utilities.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/.buildinfo b/python/python3/en/_build/html/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..befabf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: 5443544035f1a1fb5934b4a66a1973df +tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_images/python-logo-large.png b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_images/python-logo-large.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3df4de Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_images/python-logo-large.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_modules/cipher.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_modules/cipher.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1020712 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_modules/cipher.html @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ + + + + + + + + cipher — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +

Source code for cipher

+from random import shuffle
+import string
+
+domain = string.printable
+
+
[docs]def mkcode(): + targ = list(domain) + shuffle(targ) + return string.join(targ,"")
+ +
[docs]def mkdict(secretkey): + keydict = {} + j = 0 + for i in domain: + keydict[i]=secretkey[j] + j += 1 + return keydict
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_modules/index.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_modules/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d146ab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_modules/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ + + + + + + + + Overview: module code — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +

All modules for which code is available

+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/base-type.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/base-type.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c67314 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/base-type.txt @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +Base types +========== + +- types_ + +.. _types: https://realpython.com/python-data-types/ + + +Python is dynamically typed +---------------------------- + +it means + +- variables don't have fixed type, the types can change +- the variable's type is specified at runtime during the assignment + +>>> a = 1 +>>> type(a) + +>>> a = 2. +>>> a +2.0 +>>> type(a) + +>>> b = "b" +>>> type(b) + +>>> c = "3" +>>> type(c) + +>>> int(c) +3 +>>> c2 = int(c) +>>> c2 +3 +>>> type(c2) + +>>> + +Some builtin types +------------------ + +base types: + +- integer, +- float, +- string, +- boolean + +base container types: + +- list, +- dictionnary, +- set + +list type sample:: + + >>> l = range(10) + >>> l + range(0, 10) + >>> for i in l: + ... print(i) + ... + 0 + (...) + 9 + +dictionary type sample:: + + >>> d = dict(a=2, b=5) + >>> d + {'b': 5, 'a': 2} + >>> type(d) + + +a dict **is not** a ordered type. If you need an ordered dict, use a more +advanced collection type like an ordered dict + +>>> from collections import OrderedDict +>>> d = OrderedDict({'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}) +>>> d +OrderedDict([('orange', 2), ('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('pear', 1)]) +>>> + +set sample:: + + >>> set(range(10)) + {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} + +a set **is not** ordered + + >>> s = set(range(10)) + >>> 3 in s + True + +Mutable types and non-mutable types +------------------------------------- + +A set is immutable, whereas a list is mutable:: + + >>> s = set([1,2]) + >>> l = [1,2] + >>> l.append(3) + >>> list(l) + [1, 2, 3] + >>> s.append(3) + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'append' + >>> + +A string is immutable. If you want to modify it, build another string: + + >>> s = "hello" + >>> s.replace('ll', 'bb') + 'hebbo' + >>> s+"you" + 'helloyou' + >>> s + 'hello' + +you can see that s hasn't changed. + +Even base types are objects +--------------------------- + +It means that in python, classes are types (let's understand it like that at first glance) + + >>> a = 2 + >>> isinstance(a, int) + True + >>> s = "a" + >>> dir(s) + ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', + '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', + (...) + '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', ] + +`s` has methods. It's an objects. The type of s is the class `int`. + + >>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2} + >>> isinstance(d, dict) + True + >>> + +special methods: the iterator sample + +>>> l = range(10) +>>> for i in l: +... print(i) + +We can use the `for` statement only because the `list` type has a special `__iter__` +method:: + + >>> l.__iter__() + + >>> + +we will see the special methods later. diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/base-type2.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/base-type2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa01dfb --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/base-type2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +Let's play with builtin types +============================= + +- type int, float, bool, str +- type sequence list, tuple +- type dict + +- list.append +- dict... + +- strings_ +- formating_ + +.. _strings: https://realpython.com/python-strings/ +.. _formating: https://realpython.com/python-string-formatting/ + +The prompt is a calculator +--------------------------- + +>>> x = 1 +>>> y =2 +>>> x > y +False +>>> x == y +False +>>> x != y +True + +The strings +----------- + +>>> s = "bla bla" +'bla bla' +>>> s = 'bla bla' +'bla bla' +>>> s = " 'bli bli' " +>>> s +" 'bli bli' " +>>> s = """ sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf""" +>>> s +' sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf' +>>> +>>> s = "bla bla" +>>> m = "hu hu" +>>> s + m +'bla blahu hu' +>>> m * 3 +'hu huhu huhu hu' +>>> +>>> len(m) +5 +>>> +>>> m[3] +'h' +>>> m[3:5] +'hu' +>>> + +play with `lower()`, `upper()`, `strip()`, `title()` +`index()`, `find()`, `replace()` + + + +String templating +----------------- + +>>> s = "ssdfsdf {0} sdfsdfsdf {1}".format("blah", "blih") + +>>> s= 'a' +>>> t = "abc" +>>> t.startswith("a") +True +>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c'] +>>> "-".join(l) +'a-b-c' +>>> diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/cipher.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/cipher.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bea0927 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/cipher.txt @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +A simple cipher +=============== + +.. currentmodule:: src + +.. module:: cipher + + +The :mod:`cipher` module +------------------------ + +.. data:: domain + + Set domain = string.digits if you want to work with + integers instead of printable letters -- or experiment + with other domains + + +.. function:: mkcode + + Return a string containing the elements in domain + randomly permuted + + +.. function:: mkdict + + Turns domain + secretkey into a dictionary of + substitution pairs + +:src:`cipher` + diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/codingstandards.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/codingstandards.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce1e67c --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/codingstandards.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Coding standards +================ + + +Standard programming recommendations +--------------------------------------- + + +pep8_ + +.. _pep8: https://pep8.org/ + + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ + +You can validate against the coding standards in your editor or with the pep8 executable. + +:: + + pep8 diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/dicttype.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/dicttype.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7733eac --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/dicttype.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +Dict types +========== + + + + diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/documenting.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/documenting.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..626938b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/documenting.txt @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +Technical an user documentation +================================ + +- documenting_ + +.. _documenting: https://realpython.com/documenting-python-code/ + +The sphinx_ tool is a subset of docutils_ + +.. _sphinx: http://sphinx-doc.org/ +.. _docutils: http://docutils.sf.net + + +Documenting a function +------------------------ + +**Info field lists** + +Inside Python object description directives, reST field lists with these fields are recognized and formatted nicely: + +- param, parameter, arg, argument, key, keyword: Description of a parameter. +- type: Type of a parameter. Creates a link if possible. +- raises, raise, except, exception: That (and when) a specific exception is raised. +- var: Description of a variable. +- vartype: Type of a variable. Creates a link if possible. +- returns, return: Description of the return value. +- rtype: Return type. Creates a link if possible. + +The field names must consist of one of these keywords and an argument (except for returns and rtype, which do not need an argument). This is best explained by an example: + + +:: + + .. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1]) + + Send a message to a recipient + + :param str sender: The person sending the message + :param str recipient: The recipient of the message + :param str message_body: The body of the message + :param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5 + :type priority: integer or None + :return: the message id + :rtype: int + :raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters + :raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring + + +This will render like this with spinx-doc: + +.. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1]) + + Send a message to a recipient + + :param str sender: The person sending the message + :param str recipient: The recipient of the message + :param str message_body: The body of the message + :param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5 + :type priority: integer or None + :return: the message id + :rtype: int + :raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters + :raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring + +It is also possible to combine parameter type and description, if the type is +a single word, like this:: + + :param int priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5 + +Container types such as lists and dictionaries can be linked automatically +using the following syntax:: + + :type priorities: list(int) + :type priorities: list[int] + :type mapping: dict(str, int) + :type mapping: dict[str, int] + :type point: tuple(float, float) + :type point: tuple[float, float] + +Multiple types in a type field will be linked automatically if separated by +the word “or”:: + + :type an_arg: int or None + :vartype a_var: str or int + :rtype: float or str diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/duration.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/duration.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e794386 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/duration.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +duration +========= + + +The "timeit" module lets you measure the execution +time of small bits of Python code + + +.. literalinclude:: ../src/duration.py diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/functype.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/functype.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..996463a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/functype.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Functions +========= + + + +Function argument unpacking + +.. literalinclude:: ../src/functype.py + diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/getting-started.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/getting-started.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0db4142 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/getting-started.txt @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +Getting started +=============== + + +Installation +------------- + +Have a look at the python_ website. + +.. _python: http://www.python.org + + +Hello world +----------- + +:: + + python -c "print 'hello'" + +Opening a python prompt:: + + >>> print("hello world") + hello world + +.. code-block:: python + :caption: hello.py + :name: hello-py + + import sys + + name = sys.argv[1] + print("Hello, {0}".format(name)) + + +starting a web server:: + + python3 -m http.server 8080 + +importing a module + +>>> import this +Beautiful is better than ugly. +Explicit is better than implicit. +Simple is better than complex. +Complex is better than complicated. + +use the builtin help + +>>> help(function) + + +Configure your prompt +--------------------- + +Set your path or install a good prompt like `ipython `_ + + +.. envvar:: PYTHONPATH + + defaults on the current directory + you can add a path to point to some other library + +put this in your `.bashrc` (under linux), under windows... I don't know: + +:: + + export PYTHONPATH:`pwd` + + export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:'/usr/share':'/toto/titi/tata' + + alias pyenv='export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`:$PYTHONPATH' + + export PYTHONSTARTUP='/home/gwen/.pystartup' + +.. envvar:: PYTHONSTARTUP + + the pystartup enables us to set the + + - autocompletion + - the history of the commands + +example of `.pystartup` + +:: + + # Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to + # it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash. + # + # Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full + # path to your home directory. + import rlcompleter + import readline + readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") + + import os + histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist") + try: + readline.read_history_file(histfile) + except IOError: + pass + + import atexit + atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) + del os, histfile + + # enhanced completion + #import rlcompleter2 + #rlcompleter2.setup() + + +Editors +--------- + +IDLE + +https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html + + +un framework de développement intégré : :term:`IDLE` + +.. glossary:: + + IDLE + IDLE_ is an IDE (Integrated Development Environnement) + +.. _IDLE: http://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html + + + +Thonny_ + +.. _Thonny: https://thonny.org/ + +Otherwise, your preferred editor... diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/index.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/index.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be2f3c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/index.txt @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +.. meta:: + + :description: python tutorial + :keywords: python, tutorial + +.. title:: pyfundoc + +The tasting of python +======================= + + +.. figure:: _static/python-logo-large.png + :alt: The python software fundation's logo + + (The *python software fundation's* logo) + +Here are short Python code snippets focusing on teaching purposes. + +Python is fun. + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: The snippets: + + getting-started + base-type + base-type2 + functype + introspection + sdl + documenting + utilities + codingstandards + + cipher + + +Indices and tables +================== + + +* `All modules for which code is available <_modules/index.html>`_ +* :ref:`genindex` +* :ref:`modindex` +* :ref:`search` + +.. note:: The pyfun code is licensed under the `LGPL licence`_ + and this documentation is licensed under the `Creative Commons + Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License`_\ . + + +.. _`Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License`: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US + +.. _`LGPL licence`: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/introspection.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/introspection.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2f6607 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/introspection.txt @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +Instrospection +============== + +Python's introspection capabilites. First, we shall use the prompt. + +The prompt +----------- + +Type `python3` in the prompt. It gives you a prompt, which is the python prompt:: + + >>> + +The prompt enables us to deeply analyse the fundamentals of the language. +It is interesting for a good understanding of the concepts. + +For example, **introspection**. Introspection means finding informations +about each element you want to manipulate:: + + >>> locals() + {'__name__': '__main__', '__package__': None, '__doc__': None, + '__builtins__': , (...) } + >>> + + +.. glossary:: + + locals + + The `locals()` builtin function lists the variables that lives in the + current namespace. + + globals + + The `globals()` builtin function lists the variables that lives in the + general namespace. + + +`locals()` in the global namespace and `locals()`` in a local namespace +(a function's namespace):: + + >>> def myfunc(x): + ... a = 2 + ... print(locals()) + ... + >>> locals() + {'__package__': None, '__spec__': None, (...)'__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': } + >>> # we can see that there's no "a" variable + >>> myfunc("toto") + {'x': 'toto', 'a': 2} + >>> # in the function there is a "a" variable + +When we open a prompt, the general namespace and the local namespace are the same. + +.. glossary:: + + builtins + + The `__builtins__`` module is a special module : + it is the only namespace which is automaticaly imported. + It means that the variables function that are in the builtins are always + accessible. You can always call them. + +For example, you can use the function `dir` which is directly accessible +without importing any module:: + + >>> dir() + ['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...] + >>> + +In fact, the `dir()` function lives in the `__builtins__`:: + + >>> __builtins__.dir() + ['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...] + + +type:: + + >>> help(dir) + +to have help on a given function or module. + + +`__doc__`: this namespace's docstring +`__package__`: the current namespace + +`__name__` is the name of the current namespace, which is `__main__`:: + + >>> __name__ + '__main__' + >>> + +why is it `__main__` ? Because we are located in the global namespace. + +Modules +------- + +A module is a namespace, it is a pyhton file that you can import in another module. +A python file is intended to become a library, but you can use it as a script. + +If you want to use module as a script, the good pratice is to fix its behavior with:: + + if __name__ == '__main__': + do_this() + +It means that if you launch the module in the global namespace, then the module +is not used as a library but as a standalone script. +The good practice in a module is to do nothing. +If you launch:: + + do_this() + +without the test condition:: + + if __name__ == '__main__': + +when you import the module:: + + import mymodule + +it will launch the `do_this` function, wich is not a intended behavior for a library. +A library is just a set of function/classes that are available in a given namespace. +A script is intended to do something when launched, not a library. + +What are scripts ? +Scripts are executable file, they have a she bang:: + + #!/usr/bin/env python3 + +You can import some other libraries in your script, and it becomes an application:: + + import my_second_module + +or:: + + from my_second_module import my_function + +or:: + + from my_second_module import my_function as my_function_alias + +or:: + + import my_second_module as my_second_module_alias + +Assinging a variable +--------------------- + +:: + + >>> a = 42. + >>> type(a) + + +what is dynamic typing ? You can set some other value to the `a` variable that +has nothing to do with the previous type:: + + >>> a = 42j + >>> type(a) + + >>> + +Functions +---------- + +This function:: + + >>> def my_function(a, b): + ... """this is my func docstring""" + ... + +is equivalent to:: + + >>> def my_function(a, b): + ... """this is my func docstring""" + ... return None + + +There are no procedures in python (a procedure returns nothing). It means that +a function return always someting. Even if you don't *return* something: it +returns `None`, which is something:: + + >>> result = my_function(1, 2) + >>> print(result) + None + >>> print(my_function(1, 2)) + None + +**In python, a function is... an object**. Yes. What is a docstring's function +? A Docstring is the `__doc__` attribute of the `my_function` object:: + + >>> my_function.__doc__ + 'this is my func docstring' + >>> + +In python, absolutely everything is an object... even the functions:: + + >>> type (my_function) + + >>> + +A function is an instance of the `function` class. + +Unnamed arguments in a function:: + + >>> def my_fonction(*args, **kwargs): + ... print("arguments : ", str(args)) + ... print("named argumments : ", str(kwargs)) + ... + >>> my_fonction("toto", "titi", tutu=2, tata=3) + arguments : ('toto', 'titi') + named argumments : {'tata': 3, 'tutu': 2} + >>> + +The *samouraï* rule +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A function shall return the expected result, or... kill itself +(that is, raise and exception). + +>>> def function_raise(x): +... if not type(x) == int: +... raise TypeError("Not the right type") +... else: +... return x + 1 +... +>>> try: +... e = function_raise("une string") +... except TypeError, e: +... print e +... +Not the right type +>> diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/notebooks/pandas.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/notebooks/pandas.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21cff47 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/notebooks/pandas.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +stands for **example** + +ipython and pandas examples here + + jupyter notebook Pandas.ipynb + + diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/sdl.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/sdl.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..723c8db --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/sdl.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +The standard library +==================== + + +.. glossary:: + + standard library + + "There must be an obvious way to do it". + + One of the basic rules. That's why you must have a look at the SDL_ + +.. _`SDL`: http://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/utilities.txt b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/utilities.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db9afcf --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_sources/utilities.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Utilities +========= + + +duration +-------- + + +The :mod:`timeit` module lets you measure the execution +time of small bits of Python code + + +.. literalinclude:: ../src/duration.py diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/ajax-loader.gif b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/ajax-loader.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61faf8c Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/ajax-loader.gif differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/background_b01.png b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/background_b01.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..353f26d Binary files /dev/null and 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sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + width: 170px; +} + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li div.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, 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margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px 7px 0 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px 7px 0 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.admonition dl { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +table.footnote td, table.footnote th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd p { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; +} + +td.linenos pre { + padding: 5px 0px; + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + margin-left: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div > div.highlight > pre { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + padding: 1em 1em 0; +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper div.highlight { + margin: 0; +} + +code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: relative; + left: 0px; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/bizstyle.css b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/bizstyle.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0464a74 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/bizstyle.css @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ +/* + * bizstyle.css_t + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- business style theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2011-2014 by Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +@import url("basic.css"); + +/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +body { + font-family: 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Geneva', + 'Verdana', sans-serif; + font-size: 14px; + letter-spacing: -0.01em; + line-height: 150%; + text-align: center; + background-color: white; + background-image: url(background_b01.png); + color: black; + padding: 0; + border-right: 1px solid #336699; + border-left: 1px solid #336699; + + margin: 0px 40px 0px 40px; +} + +div.document { + background-color: white; + text-align: left; + background-repeat: repeat-x; + + -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #000; + -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #000; +} + +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 0 0 240px; + border-left: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +div.body { + margin: 0; + padding: 0.5em 20px 20px 20px; +} + +div.related { + font-size: 1em; + + -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #000; + -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #000; +} + +div.related ul { + background-color: #336699; + height: 100%; + overflow: hidden; + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; +} + +div.related ul li { + color: white; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + height: 2em; + float: left; +} + +div.related ul li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +div.related ul li a { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 5px 0 5px; + line-height: 1.75em; + color: #fff; +} + +div.related ul li a:hover { + color: #fff; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + margin: 0; + padding: 0.5em 12px 12px 12px; + width: 210px; + font-size: 1em; + text-align: left; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3, div.sphinxsidebar h4 { + margin: 1em 0 0.5em 0; + font-size: 1em; 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Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className)) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var bbox = span.getBBox(); + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + var parentOfText = node.parentNode.parentNode; + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +var Documentation = { + + init : function() { + this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); + this.highlightSearchWords(); + this.initIndexTable(); + + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS : {}, + PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, + LOCALE : 'unknown', + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext : function(string) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return string; + return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; + }, + + ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; + return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; + }, + + addTranslations : function(catalog) { + for (var key in catalog.messages) + this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; + this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); + this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * add context elements like header anchor links + */ + addContextElements : function() { + $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). + appendTo(this); + }); + $('dt[id]').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). + appendTo(this); + }); + }, + + /** + * workaround a firefox stupidity + * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 + */ + fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { + if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) + window.setTimeout(function() { + document.location.href += ''; + }, 10); + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; + if (terms.length) { + var body = $('div.body'); + if (!body.length) { + body = $('body'); + } + window.setTimeout(function() { + $.each(terms, function() { + body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); + }); + }, 10); + $('') + .appendTo($('#searchbox')); + } + }, + + /** + * init the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initIndexTable : function() { + var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { + var src = $(this).attr('src'); + var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); + $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); + if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); + else + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); + }).css('display', ''); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { + togglers.click(); + } + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords : function() { + $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); + $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); + }, + + /** + * make the url absolute + */ + makeURL : function(relativeURL) { + return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + }, + + /** + * get the current relative url + */ + getCurrentURL : function() { + var path = document.location.pathname; + var parts = path.split(/\//); + $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { + if (this === '..') + parts.pop(); + }); + var url = parts.join('/'); + return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: function() { + $(document).keyup(function(event) { + var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; + // don't navigate when in search box or textarea + if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT') { + switch (event.keyCode) { + case 37: // left + var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); + if (prevHref) { + window.location.href = prevHref; + return false; + } + case 39: // right + var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); + if (nextHref) { + window.location.href = nextHref; + return false; + } + } + } + }); + } +}; + +// quick alias for translations +_ = Documentation.gettext; + +$(document).ready(function() { + Documentation.init(); +}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/down-pressed.png b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/down-pressed.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5756c8c Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/down-pressed.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/down.png b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/down.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b3bdad Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/down.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/file.png b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/jquery.js b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/jquery.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba171ca --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/_static/jquery.js @@ -0,0 +1,10253 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.2.1 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2017-09-03T00:14Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. + + +var arr = []; + +var document = window.document; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var concat = arr.concat; + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + + + + function DOMEval( code, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.2.1", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only + // Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP + rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g, + + // Matches dashed string for camelizing + rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g, + + // Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace() + fcamelCase = function( all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + src = target[ name ]; + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + + if ( copyIsArray ) { + copyIsArray = false; + clone = src && Array.isArray( src ) ? src : []; + + } else { + clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ? src : {}; + } + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isFunction: function( obj ) { + return jQuery.type( obj ) === "function"; + }, + + isWindow: function( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }, + + isNumeric: function( obj ) { + + // As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to + // strings and numbers (primitives or objects) + // that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662) + var type = jQuery.type( obj ); + return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) && + + // parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("") + // ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...") + // subtraction forces infinities to NaN + !isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) ); + }, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + + /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */ + // See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/6125 + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + type: function( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a global context + globalEval: function( code ) { + DOMEval( code ); + }, + + // Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) + camelCase: function( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only + trim: function( text ) { + return text == null ? + "" : + ( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" ); + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return concat.apply( [], ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any + // arguments. + proxy: function( fn, context ) { + var tmp, args, proxy; + + if ( typeof context === "string" ) { + tmp = fn[ context ]; + context = fn; + fn = tmp; + } + + // Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec + // this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined. + if ( !jQuery.isFunction( fn ) ) { + return undefined; + } + + // Simulated bind + args = slice.call( arguments, 2 ); + proxy = function() { + return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) ); + }; + + // Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed + proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++; + + return proxy; + }, + + now: Date.now, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), +function( i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); +} ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = jQuery.type( obj ); + + if ( type === "function" || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.3 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * http://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2016-08-08 + */ +(function( window ) { + +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + push_native = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[i] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier + identifier = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\xa0])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + whitespace + + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*" ), + + rattributeQuotes = new RegExp( "=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*?)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace + + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig" ), + funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) { + var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000; + // NaN means non-codepoint + // Support: Firefox<24 + // Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x" + return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ? + escaped : + high < 0 ? + // BMP codepoint + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + // Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair) + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + disabledAncestor = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && ("form" in elem || "label" in elem); + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + (arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + + if ( ( context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc ) !== document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && (match = rquickExpr.exec( selector )) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( (m = match[1]) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( (elem = context.getElementById( m )) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && (elem = newContext.getElementById( m )) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[2] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( (m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !compilerCache[ selector + " " ] && + (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector )) ) { + + if ( nodeType !== 1 ) { + newContext = context; + newSelector = selector; + + // qSA looks outside Element context, which is not what we want + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this workaround technique + // Support: IE <=8 + // Exclude object elements + } else if ( context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( (nid = context.getAttribute( "id" )) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", (nid = expando) ); + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[i] = "#" + nid + " " + toSelector( groups[i] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + } + + if ( newSelector ) { + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return (cache[ key + " " ] = value); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement("fieldset"); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch (e) { + return false; + } finally { + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split("|"), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[i] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( (cur = cur.nextSibling) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + disabledAncestor( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction(function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction(function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ (j = matchIndexes[i]) ] ) { + seed[j] = !(matches[j] = seed[j]); + } + } + }); + }); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + // documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist + // (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833) + var documentElement = elem && (elem.ownerDocument || elem).documentElement; + return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false; +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + if ( doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9-11, Edge + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + if ( preferredDoc !== document && + (subWindow = document.defaultView) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert(function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute("className"); + }); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment("") ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName("*").length; + }); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert(function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + }); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode("id"); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode("id"); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( (elem = elems[i++]) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode("id"); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( (support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll )) ) { + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert(function( el ) { + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll("[msallowcapture^='']").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push("~="); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll(":checked").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push(":checked"); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push(".#.+[+~]"); + } + }); + + assert(function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement("input"); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll(":disabled").length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll("*,:x"); + rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:"); + }); + } + + if ( (support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( (matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector) )) ) { + + assert(function( el ) { + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + }); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join("|") ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join("|") ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + )); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) === ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + (!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + if ( a === document || a.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, a) ) { + return -1; + } + if ( b === document || b.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, b) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + return a === document ? -1 : + b === document ? 1 : + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[i] === bp[i] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 : + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + // Set document vars if needed + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + // Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted + expr = expr.replace( rattributeQuotes, "='$1']" ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !compilerCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch (e) {} + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + // Set document vars if needed + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) !== document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + // Set document vars if needed + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + (val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return (sel + "").replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( (node = elem[i++]) ) { + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[1] = match[1].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[3] = ( match[3] || match[4] || match[5] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[2] === "~=" ) { + match[3] = " " + match[3] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[1] = match[1].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[1].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[3] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[0] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[4] = +( match[4] ? match[5] + (match[6] || 1) : 2 * ( match[3] === "even" || match[3] === "odd" ) ); + match[5] = +( ( match[7] + match[8] ) || match[3] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[3] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[0] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[6] && match[2]; + + if ( matchExpr["CHILD"].test( match[0] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[3] ) { + match[2] = match[4] || match[5] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + (excess = tokenize( unquoted, true )) && + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + (excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[0] = match[0].slice( 0, excess ); + match[2] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { return true; } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + (pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" )) && + classCache( className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && elem.getAttribute("class") || "" ); + }); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( (node = node[ dir ]) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + (outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {}); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + (diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + (outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {}); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + (diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + (outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {}); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction(function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[i] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[i] ); + } + }) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction(function( selector ) { + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction(function( seed, matches, context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) { + seed[i] = !(matches[i] = elem); + } + } + }) : + function( elem, context, xml ) { + input[0] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[0] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + }), + + "has": markFunction(function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + }), + + "contains": markFunction(function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + }), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test(lang || "") ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( (elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute("xml:lang") || elem.getAttribute("lang")) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( (elem = elem.parentNode) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + }), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && (!document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus()) && !!(elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return (nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked) || (nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos["empty"]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( (attr = elem.getAttribute("type")) == null || attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo(function() { + return [ 0 ]; + }), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + }), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + }), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos["nth"] = Expr.pseudos["eq"]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || (match = rcomma.exec( soFar )) ) { + if ( match ) { + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[0].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( (tokens = []) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( (match = rcombinators.exec( soFar )) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push({ + value: matched, + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[0].replace( rtrim, " " ) + }); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( (match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar )) && (!preFilters[ type ] || + (match = preFilters[ type ]( match ))) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push({ + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + }); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[i].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || (outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {}); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( (oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ]) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return (newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ]); + } else { + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( (newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml )) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[i]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[0]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[i], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction(function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, [] ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = temp[i]) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[i] ] = !(matcherIn[ postMap[i] ] = elem); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) ) { + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( (matcherIn[i] = elem) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) && + (temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[i]) > -1 ) { + + seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + }); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[0].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[" "], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + (checkContext = context).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( (matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[i].type ]) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator(elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[i].type ].apply( null, tokens[i].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[j].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens.slice( 0, i - 1 ).concat({ value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" }) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( (tokens = tokens.slice( j )) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]( "*", outermost ), + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + outermostContext = context === document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument !== document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( (matcher = elementMatchers[j++]) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( (elem = !matcher && elem) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( (matcher = setMatchers[j++]) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i]) ) { + setMatched[i] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[i] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( selector, matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( (selector = compiled.selector || selector) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[0] = match[0].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && (token = tokens[0]).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[1].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find["ID"]( token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape), context ) || [] )[0]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr["needsContext"].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[i]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ (type = token.type) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( (find = Expr.find[ type ]) ) { + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( (seed = find( + token.matches[0].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[0].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + )) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort( sortOrder ).join("") === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert(function( el ) { + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement("fieldset") ) & 1; +}); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert(function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#" ; +}) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + }); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert(function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +}) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + }); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert(function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute("disabled") == null; +}) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + (val = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + }); +} + +return Sizzle; + +})( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +}; +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +var risSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/; + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Simple selector that can be filtered directly, removing non-Elements + if ( risSimple.test( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); + } + + // Complex selector, compare the two sets, removing non-Elements + qualifier = jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements ); + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not && elem.nodeType === 1; + } ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( jQuery.isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( jQuery.isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "iframe" ) ) { + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && jQuery.type( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && jQuery.isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && jQuery.isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = jQuery.isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && jQuery.isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( jQuery.isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + jQuery.isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + jQuery.isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + jQuery.isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the master Deferred + master = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + master.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( master.state() === "pending" || + jQuery.isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return master.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), master.reject ); + } + + return master.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( jQuery.type( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ jQuery.camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ jQuery.camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ jQuery.camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( jQuery.camelCase ); + } else { + key = jQuery.camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = jQuery.camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback, args ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.apply( elem, args || [] ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, + scale = 1, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + do { + + // If previous iteration zeroed out, double until we get *something*. + // Use string for doubling so we don't accidentally see scale as unchanged below + scale = scale || ".5"; + + // Adjust and apply + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Update scale, tolerating zero or NaN from tween.cur() + // Break the loop if scale is unchanged or perfect, or if we've just had enough. + } while ( + scale !== ( scale = currentValue() / initial ) && scale !== 1 && --maxIterations + ); + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]+)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + option: [ 1, "" ], + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, contains, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( jQuery.type( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + contains = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( contains ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; +} )(); +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + +var + rkeyEvent = /^key/, + rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/, + rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// See #13393 for more info +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Don't attach events to noData or text/comment nodes (but allow plain objects) + if ( !elemData ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = {}; + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + var event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ); + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + handlers = ( dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // Triggered event must either 1) have no namespace, or 2) have namespace(s) + // a subset or equal to those in the bound event (both can have no namespace). + if ( !event.rnamespace || event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: jQuery.isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + focus: { + + // Fire native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + trigger: function() { + if ( this !== safeActiveElement() && this.focus ) { + this.focus(); + return false; + } + }, + delegateType: "focusin" + }, + blur: { + trigger: function() { + if ( this === safeActiveElement() && this.blur ) { + this.blur(); + return false; + } + }, + delegateType: "focusout" + }, + click: { + + // For checkbox, fire native event so checked state will be right + trigger: function() { + if ( this.type === "checkbox" && this.click && nodeName( this, "input" ) ) { + this.click(); + return false; + } + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, don't fire native .click() on links + _default: function( event ) { + return nodeName( event.target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || jQuery.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + + which: function( event ) { + var button = event.button; + + // Add which for key events + if ( event.which == null && rkeyEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + return event.charCode != null ? event.charCode : event.keyCode; + } + + // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right + if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + if ( button & 1 ) { + return 1; + } + + if ( button & 2 ) { + return 3; + } + + if ( button & 4 ) { + return 2; + } + + return 0; + } + + return event.which; + } +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + // See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/3229 + rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[^>]*)\/>/gi, + + /* eslint-enable */ + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( ">tbody", elem )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + var match = rscriptTypeMasked.exec( elem.type ); + + if ( match ) { + elem.type = match[ 1 ]; + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, pdataCur, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.access( src ); + pdataCur = dataPriv.set( dest, pdataOld ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + delete pdataCur.handle; + pdataCur.events = {}; + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = concat.apply( [], args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( isFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( isFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && jQuery.contains( node.ownerDocument, node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1>" ); + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rmargin = ( /^margin/ ); + +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + div.style.cssText = + "box-sizing:border-box;" + + "position:relative;display:block;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "top:1%;width:50%"; + div.innerHTML = ""; + documentElement.appendChild( container ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = divStyle.marginLeft === "2px"; + boxSizingReliableVal = divStyle.width === "4px"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.marginRight = "50%"; + pixelMarginRightVal = divStyle.marginRight === "4px"; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, pixelMarginRightVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + container.style.cssText = "border:0;width:8px;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px;" + + "padding:0;margin-top:1px;position:absolute"; + container.appendChild( div ); + + jQuery.extend( support, { + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelMarginRight: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelMarginRightVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelMarginRight() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rmargin.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }, + + cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style; + +// Return a css property mapped to a potentially vendor prefixed property +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Shortcut for names that are not vendor prefixed + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a property mapped along what jQuery.cssProps suggests or to +// a vendor prefixed property. +function finalPropName( name ) { + var ret = jQuery.cssProps[ name ]; + if ( !ret ) { + ret = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; + } + return ret; +} + +function setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function augmentWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra, isBorderBox, styles ) { + var i, + val = 0; + + // If we already have the right measurement, avoid augmentation + if ( extra === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + i = 4; + + // Otherwise initialize for horizontal or vertical properties + } else { + i = name === "width" ? 1 : 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin, so add it if we want it + if ( extra === "margin" ) { + val += jQuery.css( elem, extra + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + if ( isBorderBox ) { + + // border-box includes padding, so remove it if we want content + if ( extra === "content" ) { + val -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // At this point, extra isn't border nor margin, so remove border + if ( extra !== "margin" ) { + val -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } else { + + // At this point, extra isn't content, so add padding + val += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // At this point, extra isn't content nor padding, so add border + if ( extra !== "padding" ) { + val += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + return val; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var valueIsBorderBox, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ), + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Computed unit is not pixels. Stop here and return. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + return val; + } + + // Check for style in case a browser which returns unreliable values + // for getComputedStyle silently falls back to the reliable elem.style + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox && + ( support.boxSizingReliable() || val === elem.style[ name ] ); + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/Height when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + if ( val === "auto" ) { + val = elem[ "offset" + name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ) ]; + } + + // Normalize "", auto, and prepare for extra + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Use the active box-sizing model to add/subtract irrelevant styles + return ( val + + augmentWidthOrHeight( + elem, + name, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: { + "float": "cssFloat" + }, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + if ( type === "number" ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( i, name ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = extra && getStyles( elem ), + subtract = extra && augmentWidthOrHeight( + elem, + name, + extra, + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + styles + ); + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ name ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, name ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( !rmargin.test( prefix ) ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( tween.elem.style[ jQuery.cssProps[ tween.prop ] ] != null || + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = jQuery.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = jQuery.camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + jQuery.proxy( result.stop, result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + jQuery.isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !jQuery.isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue && type !== false ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = jQuery.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/infrastructure.html#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( typeof value === "string" && value ) { + classes = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + if ( typeof value === "string" && value ) { + classes = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value; + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && type === "string" ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( type === "string" ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, isFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( isFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && jQuery.isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + elem[ type ](); + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery.each( ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " + + "mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " + + "change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ), + function( i, name ) { + + // Handle event binding + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) { + return arguments.length > 0 ? + this.on( name, null, data, fn ) : + this.trigger( name ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) { + return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver ); + } +} ); + + + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = jQuery.now(); + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) { + xml = undefined; + } + + if ( !xml || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && jQuery.type( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = jQuery.isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ) + .filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ) + .map( function( i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] = match[ 2 ]; + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match; + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available, append data to url + if ( s.data ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce++ ) + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( jQuery.isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + "throws": true + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( isFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain requests + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Base types

+ +
+

Python is dynamically typed

+

it means

+
    +
  • variables don’t have fixed type, the types can change
  • +
  • the variable’s type is specified at runtime during the assignment
  • +
+
>>> a = 1
+>>> type(a)
+<class 'int'>
+>>> a = 2.
+>>> a
+2.0
+>>> type(a)
+<class 'float'>
+>>> b = "b"
+>>> type(b)
+<class 'str'>
+>>> c = "3"
+>>> type(c)
+<class 'str'>
+>>> int(c)
+3
+>>> c2 = int(c)
+>>> c2
+3
+>>> type(c2)
+<class 'int'>
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

Some builtin types

+

base types:

+
    +
  • integer,
  • +
  • float,
  • +
  • string,
  • +
  • boolean
  • +
+

base container types:

+
    +
  • list,
  • +
  • dictionnary,
  • +
  • set
  • +
+

list type sample:

+
>>> l = range(10)
+>>> l
+range(0, 10)
+>>> for i in l:
+...   print(i)
+...
+0
+(...)
+9
+
+
+

dictionary type sample:

+
>>> d = dict(a=2, b=5)
+>>> d
+{'b': 5, 'a': 2}
+>>> type(d)
+<class 'dict'>
+
+
+

a dict is not a ordered type. If you need an ordered dict, use a more +advanced collection type like an ordered dict

+
>>> from collections import OrderedDict
+>>> d = OrderedDict({'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2})
+>>> d
+OrderedDict([('orange', 2), ('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('pear', 1)])
+>>>
+
+
+

set sample:

+
>>> set(range(10))
+{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
+
+
+

a set is not ordered

+
>>> s = set(range(10))
+>>> 3 in s
+True
+
+
+
+
+

Mutable types and non-mutable types

+

A set is immutable, whereas a list is mutable:

+
>>> s = set([1,2])
+>>> l = [1,2]
+>>> l.append(3)
+>>> list(l)
+[1, 2, 3]
+>>> s.append(3)
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'append'
+>>>
+
+
+

A string is immutable. If you want to modify it, build another string:

+
>>> s = "hello"
+>>> s.replace('ll', 'bb')
+'hebbo'
+>>> s+"you"
+'helloyou'
+>>> s
+'hello'
+
+
+

you can see that s hasn’t changed.

+
+
+

Even base types are objects

+

It means that in python, classes are types (let’s understand it like that at first glance)

+
>>> a = 2
+>>> isinstance(a, int)
+True
+>>> s = "a"
+>>> dir(s)
+['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__',
+'__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__',
+(...)
+'__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', ]
+
+
+

s has methods. It’s an objects. The type of s is the class int.

+
>>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}
+>>> isinstance(d, dict)
+True
+>>>
+
+
+

special methods: the iterator sample

+
>>> l = range(10)
+>>> for i in l:
+...   print(i)
+
+
+

We can use the for statement only because the list type has a special __iter__ +method:

+
>>> l.__iter__()
+<range_iterator object at 0x7f28b76e1e10>
+>>>
+
+
+

we will see the special methods later.

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/base-type2.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/base-type2.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3331b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/base-type2.html @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + + + + + + + Let’s play with builtin types — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Let’s play with builtin types

+
    +
  • type int, float, bool, str
  • +
  • type sequence list, tuple
  • +
  • type dict
  • +
  • list.append
  • +
  • dict…
  • +
  • strings
  • +
  • formating
  • +
+
+

The prompt is a calculator

+
>>> x = 1
+>>> y =2
+>>> x > y
+False
+>>> x == y
+False
+>>> x != y
+True
+
+
+
+
+

The strings

+
>>> s = "bla bla"
+'bla bla'
+>>> s = 'bla bla'
+'bla bla'
+>>> s = " 'bli bli' "
+>>> s
+" 'bli bli' "
+>>> s = """ sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf"""
+>>> s
+' sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf'
+>>>
+>>> s = "bla bla"
+>>> m = "hu hu"
+>>> s + m
+'bla blahu hu'
+>>> m * 3
+'hu huhu huhu hu'
+>>>
+>>> len(m)
+5
+>>>
+>>> m[3]
+'h'
+>>> m[3:5]
+'hu'
+>>>
+
+
+

play with lower(), upper(), strip(), title() +index(), find(), replace()

+
+
+

String templating

+
>>> s = "ssdfsdf {0} sdfsdfsdf {1}".format("blah", "blih")
+
+
+
>>> s= 'a'
+>>> t = "abc"
+>>> t.startswith("a")
+True
+>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+>>> "-".join(l)
+'a-b-c'
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/cipher.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/cipher.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc3620e --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/cipher.html @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ + + + + + + + + A simple cipher — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

A simple cipher

+
+

The cipher module

+
+
+cipher.domain
+

Set domain = string.digits if you want to work with +integers instead of printable letters – or experiment +with other domains

+
+ +
+
+cipher.mkcode()[source]
+

Return a string containing the elements in domain +randomly permuted

+
+ +
+
+cipher.mkdict()[source]
+

Turns domain + secretkey into a dictionary of +substitution pairs

+
+ +

full source for: cipher

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/codingstandards.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/codingstandards.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8a46b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/codingstandards.html @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + + + + + + + + Coding standards — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Coding standards

+
+

Standard programming recommendations

+

pep8

+

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/

+

You can validate against the coding standards in your editor or with the pep8 executable.

+
pep8 <mon_fichier.py>
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/dicttype.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/dicttype.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5bab7b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/dicttype.html @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ + + + + + + + + Dict types — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Dict types

+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/documenting.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/documenting.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..435046d --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/documenting.html @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ + + + + + + + + Technical an user documentation — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Technical an user documentation

+ +

The sphinx tool is a subset of docutils

+
+

Documenting a function

+

Info field lists

+

Inside Python object description directives, reST field lists with these fields are recognized and formatted nicely:

+
    +
  • param, parameter, arg, argument, key, keyword: Description of a parameter.
  • +
  • type: Type of a parameter. Creates a link if possible.
  • +
  • raises, raise, except, exception: That (and when) a specific exception is raised.
  • +
  • var: Description of a variable.
  • +
  • vartype: Type of a variable. Creates a link if possible.
  • +
  • returns, return: Description of the return value.
  • +
  • rtype: Return type. Creates a link if possible.
  • +
+

The field names must consist of one of these keywords and an argument (except for returns and rtype, which do not need an argument). This is best explained by an example:

+
.. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1])
+
+   Send a message to a recipient
+
+   :param str sender: The person sending the message
+   :param str recipient: The recipient of the message
+   :param str message_body: The body of the message
+   :param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5
+   :type priority: integer or None
+   :return: the message id
+   :rtype: int
+   :raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters
+   :raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring
+
+
+

This will render like this with spinx-doc:

+
+
+send_message(sender, recipient, message_body[, priority=1])
+

Send a message to a recipient

+ +++ + + + + + + + + + +
Parameters:
    +
  • sender (str) – The person sending the message
  • +
  • recipient (str) – The recipient of the message
  • +
  • message_body (str) – The body of the message
  • +
  • priority (integer or None) – The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5
  • +
+
Returns:

the message id

+
Return type:

int

+
Raises:
    +
  • ValueError – if the message_body exceeds 160 characters
  • +
  • TypeError – if the message_body is not a basestring
  • +
+
+
+ +

It is also possible to combine parameter type and description, if the type is +a single word, like this:

+
:param int priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5
+
+
+

Container types such as lists and dictionaries can be linked automatically +using the following syntax:

+
:type priorities: list(int)
+:type priorities: list[int]
+:type mapping: dict(str, int)
+:type mapping: dict[str, int]
+:type point: tuple(float, float)
+:type point: tuple[float, float]
+
+
+

Multiple types in a type field will be linked automatically if separated by +the word “or”:

+
:type an_arg: int or None
+:vartype a_var: str or int
+:rtype: float or str
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/duration.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/duration.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..25b1d3b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/duration.html @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ + + + + + + + + duration — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

duration

+

The “timeit” module lets you measure the execution +time of small bits of Python code

+
import timeit
+timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))',
+                  number=10000)
+
+# 0.3412662749997253
+
+timeit.timeit('"-".join([str(n) for n in range(100)])',
+                  number=10000)
+
+# 0.2996307989997149
+
+timeit.timeit('"-".join(map(str, range(100)))',
+                  number=10000)
+
+# 0.24581470699922647
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/functype.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/functype.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec88adb --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/functype.html @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + + + + + + Functions — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Functions

+

Function argument unpacking

+

+def myfunc(x, y, z):
+    print(x, y, z)
+
+tuple_vec = (1, 0, 1)
+dict_vec = {'x': 1, 'y': 0, 'z': 1}
+
+myfunc(*tuple_vec)
+# 1, 0, 1
+
+myfunc(**dict_vec)
+# 1, 0, 1
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/genindex.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/genindex.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ef21a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/genindex.html @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ + + + + + + + + + Index — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ B + | C + | D + | E + | G + | I + | L + | M + | S + +
+

B

+ + +
+ +

C

+ + +
+ +

D

+ + +
+ +

E

+ + +
+ +

G

+ + +
+ +

I

+ + +
+ +

L

+ + +
+ +

M

+ + + +
+ +

S

+ + + +
+ + + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/getting-started.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/getting-started.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d0cce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/getting-started.html @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + + + + + + Getting started — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Getting started

+
+

Installation

+

Have a look at the python website.

+
+
+

Hello world

+
python -c "print 'hello'"
+
+
+

Opening a python prompt:

+
>>> print("hello world")
+hello world
+
+
+
+
hello.py
+
 import sys
+
+ name = sys.argv[1]
+ print("Hello, {0}".format(name))
+
+
+
+

starting a web server:

+
python3 -m http.server 8080
+
+
+

importing a module

+
>>> import this
+Beautiful is better than ugly.
+Explicit is better than implicit.
+Simple is better than complex.
+Complex is better than complicated.
+
+
+

use the builtin help

+
>>> help(function)
+
+
+
+
+

Configure your prompt

+

Set your path or install a good prompt like ipython

+
+
+PYTHONPATH
+

defaults on the current directory +you can add a path to point to some other library

+
+ +

put this in your .bashrc (under linux), under windows… I don’t know:

+
export PYTHONPATH:`pwd`
+
+export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:'/usr/share':'/toto/titi/tata'
+
+alias pyenv='export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`:$PYTHONPATH'
+
+export PYTHONSTARTUP='/home/gwen/.pystartup'
+
+
+
+
+PYTHONSTARTUP
+

the pystartup enables us to set the

+
    +
  • autocompletion
  • +
  • the history of the commands
  • +
+
+ +

example of .pystartup

+
# Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to
+# it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash.
+#
+# Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full
+# path to your home directory.
+import rlcompleter
+import readline
+readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
+
+import os
+histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist")
+try:
+    readline.read_history_file(histfile)
+except IOError:
+    pass
+
+import atexit
+atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
+del os, histfile
+
+# enhanced completion
+#import rlcompleter2
+#rlcompleter2.setup()
+
+
+
+
+

Editors

+

IDLE

+

https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html

+

un framework de développement intégré : IDLE

+
+
IDLE
+
IDLE is an IDE (Integrated Development Environnement)
+
+

Thonny

+

Otherwise, your preferred editor…

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/index.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4338c09 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ + + + + + + + + + + pyfundoc — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

The tasting of python

+
+The python software fundation's logo +

(The python software fundation’s logo)

+
+

Here are short Python code snippets focusing on teaching purposes.

+

Python is fun.

+ +
+
+

Indices and tables

+ +
+

Note

+

The pyfun code is licensed under the LGPL licence +and this documentation is licensed under the Creative Commons +Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/introspection.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/introspection.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1cae56 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/introspection.html @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ + + + + + + + + Instrospection — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Instrospection

+

Python’s introspection capabilites. First, we shall use the prompt.

+
+

The prompt

+

Type python3 in the prompt. It gives you a prompt, which is the python prompt:

+
>>>
+
+
+

The prompt enables us to deeply analyse the fundamentals of the language. +It is interesting for a good understanding of the concepts.

+

For example, introspection. Introspection means finding informations +about each element you want to manipulate:

+
>>> locals()
+{'__name__': '__main__', '__package__': None, '__doc__': None,
+'__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, (...) }
+>>>
+
+
+
+
locals
+
The locals() builtin function lists the variables that lives in the +current namespace.
+
globals
+
The globals() builtin function lists the variables that lives in the +general namespace.
+
+

locals() in the global namespace and locals()` in a local namespace +(a function’s namespace):

+
>>> def myfunc(x):
+...   a = 2
+...   print(locals())
+...
+>>> locals()
+{'__package__': None, '__spec__': None, (...)'__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>}
+>>> # we can see that there's no "a" variable
+>>> myfunc("toto")
+{'x': 'toto', 'a': 2}
+>>> # in the function there is a "a" variable
+
+
+

When we open a prompt, the general namespace and the local namespace are the same.

+
+
builtins
+
The __builtins__` module is a special module : +it is the only namespace which is automaticaly imported. +It means that the variables function that are in the builtins are always +accessible. You can always call them.
+
+

For example, you can use the function dir which is directly accessible +without importing any module:

+
>>> dir()
+['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...]
+>>>
+
+
+

In fact, the dir() function lives in the __builtins__:

+
>>> __builtins__.dir()
+['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...]
+
+
+

type:

+
>>> help(dir)
+
+
+

to have help on a given function or module.

+

__doc__: this namespace’s docstring +__package__: the current namespace

+

__name__ is the name of the current namespace, which is __main__:

+
>>> __name__
+'__main__'
+>>>
+
+
+

why is it __main__ ? Because we are located in the global namespace.

+
+
+

Modules

+

A module is a namespace, it is a pyhton file that you can import in another module. +A python file is intended to become a library, but you can use it as a script.

+

If you want to use module as a script, the good pratice is to fix its behavior with:

+
if __name__ == '__main__':
+    do_this()
+
+
+

It means that if you launch the module in the global namespace, then the module +is not used as a library but as a standalone script. +The good practice in a module is to do nothing. +If you launch:

+
do_this()
+
+
+

without the test condition:

+
if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+
+

when you import the module:

+
import mymodule
+
+
+

it will launch the do_this function, wich is not a intended behavior for a library. +A library is just a set of function/classes that are available in a given namespace. +A script is intended to do something when launched, not a library.

+

What are scripts ? +Scripts are executable file, they have a she bang:

+
#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+
+

You can import some other libraries in your script, and it becomes an application:

+
import my_second_module
+
+
+

or:

+
from my_second_module import my_function
+
+
+

or:

+
from my_second_module import my_function as my_function_alias
+
+
+

or:

+
import my_second_module as my_second_module_alias
+
+
+
+
+

Assinging a variable

+
>>> a = 42.
+>>> type(a)
+<class 'float'>
+
+
+

what is dynamic typing ? You can set some other value to the a variable that +has nothing to do with the previous type:

+
>>> a = 42j
+>>> type(a)
+<class 'complex'>
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

Functions

+

This function:

+
>>> def my_function(a, b):
+...     """this is my func docstring"""
+...
+
+
+

is equivalent to:

+
>>> def my_function(a, b):
+...     """this is my func docstring"""
+...     return None
+
+
+

There are no procedures in python (a procedure returns nothing). It means that +a function return always someting. Even if you don’t return something: it +returns None, which is something:

+
>>> result = my_function(1, 2)
+>>> print(result)
+None
+>>> print(my_function(1, 2))
+None
+
+
+

In python, a function is… an object. Yes. What is a docstring’s function +? A Docstring is the __doc__ attribute of the my_function object:

+
>>> my_function.__doc__
+'this is my func docstring'
+>>>
+
+
+

In python, absolutely everything is an object… even the functions:

+
>>> type (my_function)
+<class 'function'>
+>>>
+
+
+

A function is an instance of the function class.

+

Unnamed arguments in a function:

+
>>> def my_fonction(*args, **kwargs):
+...   print("arguments : ", str(args))
+...   print("named argumments : ", str(kwargs))
+...
+>>> my_fonction("toto", "titi", tutu=2, tata=3)
+arguments :  ('toto', 'titi')
+named argumments : {'tata': 3, 'tutu': 2}
+>>>
+
+
+
+

The samouraï rule

+

A function shall return the expected result, or… kill itself +(that is, raise and exception).

+
>>> def function_raise(x):
+...   if not type(x) == int:
+...     raise TypeError("Not the right type")
+...   else:
+...     return x + 1
+...
+>>> try:
+...   e = function_raise("une string")
+... except TypeError, e:
+...   print e
+...
+Not the right type
+>>
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/notebooks/pandas.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/notebooks/pandas.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a8604e --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/notebooks/pandas.html @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + + + + + + <no title> — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +

stands for example

+

ipython and pandas examples here

+
+
jupyter notebook Pandas.ipynb
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/objects.inv b/python/python3/en/_build/html/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa875ad Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_build/html/objects.inv differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/py-modindex.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/py-modindex.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ea2aff --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/py-modindex.html @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ + + + + + + + + Python Module Index — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ + +

Python Module Index

+ +
+ c +
+ + + + + + + +
 
+ c
+ cipher +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/sdl.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/sdl.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e690c34 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/sdl.html @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ + + + + + + + + The standard library — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

The standard library

+
+
standard library
+

“There must be an obvious way to do it”.

+

One of the basic rules. That’s why you must have a look at the SDL

+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/search.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/search.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de34eb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/search.html @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ + + + + + + + + Search — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +

Search

+
+ +

+ Please activate JavaScript to enable the search + functionality. +

+
+

+ From here you can search these documents. Enter your search + words into the box below and click "search". Note that the search + function will automatically search for all of the words. Pages + containing fewer words won't appear in the result list. +

+
+ + + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/searchindex.js b/python/python3/en/_build/html/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3d2fc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({docnames:["base-type","base-type2","cipher","codingstandards","documenting","functype","getting-started","index","introspection","notebooks/pandas","sdl","utilities"],envversion:53,filenames:["base-type.txt","base-type2.txt","cipher.txt","codingstandards.txt","documenting.txt","functype.txt","getting-started.txt","index.txt","introspection.txt","notebooks/pandas.txt","sdl.txt","utilities.txt"],objects:{"":{PYTHONPATH:[6,3,1,"-"],PYTHONSTARTUP:[6,3,1,"-"],cipher:[2,0,0,"-"],send_message:[4,2,1,""]},cipher:{domain:[2,1,1,""],mkcode:[2,2,1,""],mkdict:[2,2,1,""]}},objnames:{"0":["py","module","Python module"],"1":["py","data","Python data"],"2":["py","function","Python function"],"3":["std","envvar","environment 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types","Let\u2019s play with builtin types","A simple cipher","Coding standards","Technical an user documentation","Functions","Getting started","pyfundoc","Instrospection","<no title>","The standard library","Utilities"],titleterms:{"function":[4,5,8],"samoura\u00ef":8,The:[1,2,7,8,10],assing:8,base:0,builtin:[0,1],calcul:1,cipher:2,code:3,configur:6,dict:[],document:4,durat:11,dynam:0,editor:6,even:0,get:6,hello:6,indic:7,instal:6,instrospect:8,let:1,librari:10,modul:[2,8],mutabl:0,non:0,object:0,plai:1,program:3,prompt:[1,6,8],python:[0,7],recommend:3,rule:8,simpl:2,some:0,standard:[3,10],start:6,string:1,tabl:7,tast:7,technic:4,templat:1,type:[0,1],user:4,util:11,variabl:8,world:6,your:6}}) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_build/html/utilities.html b/python/python3/en/_build/html/utilities.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f2791b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_build/html/utilities.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + + + + + Utilities — pyfundoc documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+ +
+

Utilities

+
+

duration

+

The timeit module lets you measure the execution +time of small bits of Python code

+
import timeit
+timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))',
+                  number=10000)
+
+# 0.3412662749997253
+
+timeit.timeit('"-".join([str(n) for n in range(100)])',
+                  number=10000)
+
+# 0.2996307989997149
+
+timeit.timeit('"-".join(map(str, range(100)))',
+                  number=10000)
+
+# 0.24581470699922647
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/en/_static/python-logo-large.png b/python/python3/en/_static/python-logo-large.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3df4de Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/en/_static/python-logo-large.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/en/_templates/module.rst b/python/python3/en/_templates/module.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0127bc --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/_templates/module.rst @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +{{ fullname }} +{{ underline }} + +.. automodule:: {{ fullname }} + :members: + :noindex: diff --git a/python/python3/en/base-type.txt b/python/python3/en/base-type.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c67314 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/base-type.txt @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +Base types +========== + +- types_ + +.. _types: https://realpython.com/python-data-types/ + + +Python is dynamically typed +---------------------------- + +it means + +- variables don't have fixed type, the types can change +- the variable's type is specified at runtime during the assignment + +>>> a = 1 +>>> type(a) + +>>> a = 2. +>>> a +2.0 +>>> type(a) + +>>> b = "b" +>>> type(b) + +>>> c = "3" +>>> type(c) + +>>> int(c) +3 +>>> c2 = int(c) +>>> c2 +3 +>>> type(c2) + +>>> + +Some builtin types +------------------ + +base types: + +- integer, +- float, +- string, +- boolean + +base container types: + +- list, +- dictionnary, +- set + +list type sample:: + + >>> l = range(10) + >>> l + range(0, 10) + >>> for i in l: + ... print(i) + ... + 0 + (...) + 9 + +dictionary type sample:: + + >>> d = dict(a=2, b=5) + >>> d + {'b': 5, 'a': 2} + >>> type(d) + + +a dict **is not** a ordered type. If you need an ordered dict, use a more +advanced collection type like an ordered dict + +>>> from collections import OrderedDict +>>> d = OrderedDict({'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2}) +>>> d +OrderedDict([('orange', 2), ('apple', 4), ('banana', 3), ('pear', 1)]) +>>> + +set sample:: + + >>> set(range(10)) + {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} + +a set **is not** ordered + + >>> s = set(range(10)) + >>> 3 in s + True + +Mutable types and non-mutable types +------------------------------------- + +A set is immutable, whereas a list is mutable:: + + >>> s = set([1,2]) + >>> l = [1,2] + >>> l.append(3) + >>> list(l) + [1, 2, 3] + >>> s.append(3) + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'append' + >>> + +A string is immutable. If you want to modify it, build another string: + + >>> s = "hello" + >>> s.replace('ll', 'bb') + 'hebbo' + >>> s+"you" + 'helloyou' + >>> s + 'hello' + +you can see that s hasn't changed. + +Even base types are objects +--------------------------- + +It means that in python, classes are types (let's understand it like that at first glance) + + >>> a = 2 + >>> isinstance(a, int) + True + >>> s = "a" + >>> dir(s) + ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', + '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', + (...) + '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', ] + +`s` has methods. It's an objects. The type of s is the class `int`. + + >>> d = {'banana': 3, 'apple': 4, 'pear': 1, 'orange': 2} + >>> isinstance(d, dict) + True + >>> + +special methods: the iterator sample + +>>> l = range(10) +>>> for i in l: +... print(i) + +We can use the `for` statement only because the `list` type has a special `__iter__` +method:: + + >>> l.__iter__() + + >>> + +we will see the special methods later. diff --git a/python/python3/en/base-type2.txt b/python/python3/en/base-type2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa01dfb --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/base-type2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +Let's play with builtin types +============================= + +- type int, float, bool, str +- type sequence list, tuple +- type dict + +- list.append +- dict... + +- strings_ +- formating_ + +.. _strings: https://realpython.com/python-strings/ +.. _formating: https://realpython.com/python-string-formatting/ + +The prompt is a calculator +--------------------------- + +>>> x = 1 +>>> y =2 +>>> x > y +False +>>> x == y +False +>>> x != y +True + +The strings +----------- + +>>> s = "bla bla" +'bla bla' +>>> s = 'bla bla' +'bla bla' +>>> s = " 'bli bli' " +>>> s +" 'bli bli' " +>>> s = """ sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf""" +>>> s +' sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf' +>>> +>>> s = "bla bla" +>>> m = "hu hu" +>>> s + m +'bla blahu hu' +>>> m * 3 +'hu huhu huhu hu' +>>> +>>> len(m) +5 +>>> +>>> m[3] +'h' +>>> m[3:5] +'hu' +>>> + +play with `lower()`, `upper()`, `strip()`, `title()` +`index()`, `find()`, `replace()` + + + +String templating +----------------- + +>>> s = "ssdfsdf {0} sdfsdfsdf {1}".format("blah", "blih") + +>>> s= 'a' +>>> t = "abc" +>>> t.startswith("a") +True +>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c'] +>>> "-".join(l) +'a-b-c' +>>> diff --git a/python/python3/en/cipher.txt b/python/python3/en/cipher.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bea0927 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/cipher.txt @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +A simple cipher +=============== + +.. currentmodule:: src + +.. module:: cipher + + +The :mod:`cipher` module +------------------------ + +.. data:: domain + + Set domain = string.digits if you want to work with + integers instead of printable letters -- or experiment + with other domains + + +.. function:: mkcode + + Return a string containing the elements in domain + randomly permuted + + +.. function:: mkdict + + Turns domain + secretkey into a dictionary of + substitution pairs + +:src:`cipher` + diff --git a/python/python3/en/codingstandards.txt b/python/python3/en/codingstandards.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce1e67c --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/codingstandards.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Coding standards +================ + + +Standard programming recommendations +--------------------------------------- + + +pep8_ + +.. _pep8: https://pep8.org/ + + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ + +You can validate against the coding standards in your editor or with the pep8 executable. + +:: + + pep8 diff --git a/python/python3/en/conf.py b/python/python3/en/conf.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f53993 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/conf.py @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# +# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its +# containing dir. +# +# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this +# autogenerated file. +# +# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out +# serve to show the default. + +# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, +# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the +# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. +# +import os +import sys + +# the code library +sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src')) +# the *question* extension +sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('./ext')) + + +# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------ + +# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here. +# +# needs_sphinx = '1.0' + +# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be +# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom +# ones. +extensions = [ + 'sphinx.ext.extlinks', + 'sphinx.ext.todo', + 'sphinx.ext.ifconfig', + 'sphinx.ext.viewcode', + 'question'] + +# _______________________________________________________________________ +# extlinks config +# can add an +# :src:`my source ` +# in the txt goal files +extlinks = {'src': ('_modules/%s.html', + 'full source for: ')} + +# _______________________________________________________________________ +# ifconfig section +def setup(app): + app.add_config_value('answer', False, 'env') + +answer = True +# _______________________________________________________________________ + + +# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. +templates_path = ['_templates'] + +# The suffix(es) of source filenames. +# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string: +# +# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md'] +source_suffix = '.txt' + +# The master toctree document. +master_doc = 'index' + +# General information about the project. +project = u'pyfundoc' +copyright = u'2018, gwen' +author = u'gwen' + +# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for +# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the +# built documents. +# +# The short X.Y version. +version = u'1' +# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. +release = u' ' + +# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation +# for a list of supported languages. +# +# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs. +# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases. +language = "en" + +# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and +# directories to ignore when looking for source files. +# This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path +exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store'] + +# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. +pygments_style = 'bw' +#pygments_style = 'sphinx' + +# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing. +todo_include_todos = True + +# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------- +# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages. +html_show_sourcelink = False + +# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for +# a list of builtin themes. +# +#html_theme = 'alabaster' +html_theme = 'bizstyle' + +# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme +# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the +# documentation. +# +#html_theme_options = { +# 'show_powered_by': False, +# 'page_width': 80 +# } + +# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, +# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, +# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". +html_static_path = ['_static'] + +# Custom sidebar templates, must be a dictionary that maps document names +# to template names. +# +# This is required for the alabaster theme +# refs: http://alabaster.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html#sidebars +html_sidebars = { + '**': [ + #'relations.html', # needs 'show_related': True theme option to display + #'searchbox.html', + ] +} + +# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. +html_show_sphinx = False + +# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. +html_show_copyright = False + + +# -- Options for HTMLHelp output ------------------------------------------ + +# Output file base name for HTML help builder. +htmlhelp_basename = 'pyfundoc' + + +# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------- + +latex_elements = { + # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper'). + # + 'papersize': 'a4paper', + + # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). + # + 'pointsize': '12pt', + + # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. + # + # 'preamble': '', + + # Latex figure (float) alignment + # + # 'figure_align': 'htbp', +} + +# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples +# (source start file, target name, title, +# author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]). +latex_documents = [ + (master_doc, 'pyfun.tex', u'pyfun Documentation', + u'gwen', 'manual'), +] + + +# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------- + +# One entry per manual page. List of tuples +# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). +man_pages = [ + (master_doc, 'pyfun', u'pyfun Documentation', + [author], 1) +] + + +# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------- + +# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples +# (source start file, target name, title, author, +# dir menu entry, description, category) +texinfo_documents = [ + (master_doc, 'pyfun', u'pyfun Documentation', + author, 'pyfun', 'One line description of project.', + 'Miscellaneous'), +] diff --git a/python/python3/en/documenting.txt b/python/python3/en/documenting.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..626938b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/documenting.txt @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +Technical an user documentation +================================ + +- documenting_ + +.. _documenting: https://realpython.com/documenting-python-code/ + +The sphinx_ tool is a subset of docutils_ + +.. _sphinx: http://sphinx-doc.org/ +.. _docutils: http://docutils.sf.net + + +Documenting a function +------------------------ + +**Info field lists** + +Inside Python object description directives, reST field lists with these fields are recognized and formatted nicely: + +- param, parameter, arg, argument, key, keyword: Description of a parameter. +- type: Type of a parameter. Creates a link if possible. +- raises, raise, except, exception: That (and when) a specific exception is raised. +- var: Description of a variable. +- vartype: Type of a variable. Creates a link if possible. +- returns, return: Description of the return value. +- rtype: Return type. Creates a link if possible. + +The field names must consist of one of these keywords and an argument (except for returns and rtype, which do not need an argument). This is best explained by an example: + + +:: + + .. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1]) + + Send a message to a recipient + + :param str sender: The person sending the message + :param str recipient: The recipient of the message + :param str message_body: The body of the message + :param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5 + :type priority: integer or None + :return: the message id + :rtype: int + :raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters + :raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring + + +This will render like this with spinx-doc: + +.. py:function:: send_message(sender, recipient, message_body, [priority=1]) + + Send a message to a recipient + + :param str sender: The person sending the message + :param str recipient: The recipient of the message + :param str message_body: The body of the message + :param priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5 + :type priority: integer or None + :return: the message id + :rtype: int + :raises ValueError: if the message_body exceeds 160 characters + :raises TypeError: if the message_body is not a basestring + +It is also possible to combine parameter type and description, if the type is +a single word, like this:: + + :param int priority: The priority of the message, can be a number 1-5 + +Container types such as lists and dictionaries can be linked automatically +using the following syntax:: + + :type priorities: list(int) + :type priorities: list[int] + :type mapping: dict(str, int) + :type mapping: dict[str, int] + :type point: tuple(float, float) + :type point: tuple[float, float] + +Multiple types in a type field will be linked automatically if separated by +the word “or”:: + + :type an_arg: int or None + :vartype a_var: str or int + :rtype: float or str diff --git a/python/python3/en/ext/__init__.py b/python/python3/en/ext/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8add642 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/ext/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"sphinx extensions" diff --git a/python/python3/en/ext/question.py b/python/python3/en/ext/question.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ab4a410 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/ext/question.py @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + question + ~~~~~~~~ + + Allow questions to be inserted into your documentation. + The questionlist directive collects + all questions of your project and lists them along with a backlink to the + original location. + + :copyright: Copyright 2007-2011 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. +""" + +global questno, qno +questno = 1 +qno = 0 + +from docutils import nodes + +from sphinx.locale import _ +from sphinx.environment import NoUri +from sphinx.util.nodes import set_source_info +#from sphinx.util.compat import Directive #, make_admonition +from docutils.parsers.rst.directives.admonitions import Directive +#from docutils.parsers.rst.directives.admonitions import make_admonition + +class question_node(nodes.Admonition, nodes.Element): pass +class questionlist(nodes.General, nodes.Element): pass + +def make_admonition(node_class, name, arguments, options, content, lineno, + content_offset, block_text, state, state_machine): + if not content: + error = state_machine.reporter.error( + 'The "%s" admonition is empty; content required.' % (name), + nodes.literal_block(block_text, block_text), line=lineno) + return [error] + text = '\n'.join(content) + admonition_node = node_class(text) + if arguments: + title_text = arguments[0] + textnodes, messages = state.inline_text(title_text, lineno) + admonition_node += nodes.title(title_text, '', *textnodes) + admonition_node += messages + if 'class' in options: + classes = options['class'] + else: + classes = ['admonition-' + nodes.make_id(title_text)] + admonition_node['classes'] += classes + state.nested_parse(content, content_offset, admonition_node) + return [admonition_node] + +class Question(Directive): + """ + A question entry, displayed in the form of an admonition. + """ + + has_content = True + required_arguments = 0 + optional_arguments = 1 + final_argument_whitespace = False + option_spec = {'number': int} + + def run(self): + global questno + questno = self.options.get('number', questno) + env = self.state.document.settings.env + targetid = 'index-%s' % env.new_serialno('index') + targetnode = nodes.target('', '', ids=[targetid]) + + self.options['class'] = [_('question')] + ad = make_admonition(question_node, self.name, + [_('Question %d'%questno)], self.options, + self.content, self.lineno, self.content_offset, + self.block_text, self.state, self.state_machine) + questno += 1 + set_source_info(self, ad[0]) + return [targetnode] + ad + + +def process_questions(app, doctree): + # collect all questions in the environment + # this is not done in the directive itself because it some transformations + # must have already been run, e.g. substitutions + env = app.builder.env + if not hasattr(env, 'question_all_questions'): + env.question_all_questions = [] + global qno + for node in doctree.traverse(question_node): + try: + targetnode = node.parent[node.parent.index(node) - 1] + if not isinstance(targetnode, nodes.target): + raise IndexError + except IndexError: + targetnode = None + qno += 1 + env.question_all_questions.append({ + 'docname': env.docname, + 'source': node.source or env.doc2path(env.docname), + 'lineno': node.line, + 'question': node.deepcopy(), + 'questno': qno, + 'target': targetnode, + }) + + +class QuestionList(Directive): + """ + A list of all question entries. + """ + + has_content = False + required_arguments = 0 + optional_arguments = 0 + final_argument_whitespace = False + option_spec = {} + + def run(self): + # Simply insert an empty questionlist node which will be replaced later + # when process_question_nodes is called + return [questionlist('')] + + +def process_question_nodes(app, doctree, fromdocname): +### if not app.config['question_include_questions']: + if False: + for node in doctree.traverse(question_node): + node.parent.remove(node) + + # Replace all questionlist nodes with a list of the collected questions. + # Augment each question with a backlink to the original location. + env = app.builder.env + + if not hasattr(env, 'question_all_questions'): + env.question_all_questions = [] + + for node in doctree.traverse(questionlist): +### if not app.config['question_include_questions']: +# if False: +# node.replace_self([]) +# continue + + content = [] + + for question_info in env.question_all_questions: + qno = question_info['questno'] + para = nodes.paragraph(classes=['question-source']) + description = _('<>') + desc1 = description[:description.find('<<')] + desc2 = description[description.find('>>')+2:] + para += nodes.Text(desc1, desc1) + + # Create a reference + newnode = nodes.reference('', '', internal=True) +### innernode = nodes.emphasis(_('original entry'), _('original entry')) + innernode = nodes.strong(_('Question %d'%qno), _('Question %d'%qno)) + try: + newnode['refuri'] = app.builder.get_relative_uri( + fromdocname, question_info['docname']) + newnode['refuri'] += '#' + question_info['target']['refid'] + except NoUri: + # ignore if no URI can be determined, e.g. for LaTeX output + pass + newnode.append(innernode) + para += newnode + para += nodes.Text(desc2, desc2) + + # (Recursively) resolve references in the question content + question_entry = question_info['question'] + env.resolve_references(question_entry, question_info['docname'], + app.builder) + + # Insert into the questionlist +### content.append(question_entry) + content.append(para) + + node.replace_self(content) + + +def purge_questions(app, env, docname): + if not hasattr(env, 'question_all_questions'): + return + env.question_all_questions = [question for question in env.question_all_questions + if question['docname'] != docname] + + +def visit_question_node(self, node): + self.visit_admonition(node) + +def depart_question_node(self, node): + self.depart_admonition(node) + +def setup(app): + app.add_config_value('question_include_questions', False, False) + + app.add_node(questionlist) + app.add_node(question_node, + html=(visit_question_node, depart_question_node), + latex=(visit_question_node, depart_question_node), + text=(visit_question_node, depart_question_node), + man=(visit_question_node, depart_question_node), + texinfo=(visit_question_node, depart_question_node)) + + app.add_directive('question', Question) + app.add_directive('questionlist', QuestionList) + app.connect('doctree-read', process_questions) + app.connect('doctree-resolved', process_question_nodes) + app.connect('env-purge-doc', purge_questions) + diff --git a/python/python3/en/functype.txt b/python/python3/en/functype.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..996463a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/functype.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Functions +========= + + + +Function argument unpacking + +.. literalinclude:: ../src/functype.py + diff --git a/python/python3/en/getting-started.txt b/python/python3/en/getting-started.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0db4142 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/getting-started.txt @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +Getting started +=============== + + +Installation +------------- + +Have a look at the python_ website. + +.. _python: http://www.python.org + + +Hello world +----------- + +:: + + python -c "print 'hello'" + +Opening a python prompt:: + + >>> print("hello world") + hello world + +.. code-block:: python + :caption: hello.py + :name: hello-py + + import sys + + name = sys.argv[1] + print("Hello, {0}".format(name)) + + +starting a web server:: + + python3 -m http.server 8080 + +importing a module + +>>> import this +Beautiful is better than ugly. +Explicit is better than implicit. +Simple is better than complex. +Complex is better than complicated. + +use the builtin help + +>>> help(function) + + +Configure your prompt +--------------------- + +Set your path or install a good prompt like `ipython `_ + + +.. envvar:: PYTHONPATH + + defaults on the current directory + you can add a path to point to some other library + +put this in your `.bashrc` (under linux), under windows... I don't know: + +:: + + export PYTHONPATH:`pwd` + + export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:'/usr/share':'/toto/titi/tata' + + alias pyenv='export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`:$PYTHONPATH' + + export PYTHONSTARTUP='/home/gwen/.pystartup' + +.. envvar:: PYTHONSTARTUP + + the pystartup enables us to set the + + - autocompletion + - the history of the commands + +example of `.pystartup` + +:: + + # Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to + # it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash. + # + # Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full + # path to your home directory. + import rlcompleter + import readline + readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") + + import os + histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist") + try: + readline.read_history_file(histfile) + except IOError: + pass + + import atexit + atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) + del os, histfile + + # enhanced completion + #import rlcompleter2 + #rlcompleter2.setup() + + +Editors +--------- + +IDLE + +https://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html + + +un framework de développement intégré : :term:`IDLE` + +.. glossary:: + + IDLE + IDLE_ is an IDE (Integrated Development Environnement) + +.. _IDLE: http://docs.python.org/3/library/idle.html + + + +Thonny_ + +.. _Thonny: https://thonny.org/ + +Otherwise, your preferred editor... diff --git a/python/python3/en/index.txt b/python/python3/en/index.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be2f3c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/index.txt @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +.. meta:: + + :description: python tutorial + :keywords: python, tutorial + +.. title:: pyfundoc + +The tasting of python +======================= + + +.. figure:: _static/python-logo-large.png + :alt: The python software fundation's logo + + (The *python software fundation's* logo) + +Here are short Python code snippets focusing on teaching purposes. + +Python is fun. + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: The snippets: + + getting-started + base-type + base-type2 + functype + introspection + sdl + documenting + utilities + codingstandards + + cipher + + +Indices and tables +================== + + +* `All modules for which code is available <_modules/index.html>`_ +* :ref:`genindex` +* :ref:`modindex` +* :ref:`search` + +.. note:: The pyfun code is licensed under the `LGPL licence`_ + and this documentation is licensed under the `Creative Commons + Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License`_\ . + + +.. _`Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License`: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US + +.. _`LGPL licence`: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html diff --git a/python/python3/en/introspection.txt b/python/python3/en/introspection.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2f6607 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/introspection.txt @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +Instrospection +============== + +Python's introspection capabilites. First, we shall use the prompt. + +The prompt +----------- + +Type `python3` in the prompt. It gives you a prompt, which is the python prompt:: + + >>> + +The prompt enables us to deeply analyse the fundamentals of the language. +It is interesting for a good understanding of the concepts. + +For example, **introspection**. Introspection means finding informations +about each element you want to manipulate:: + + >>> locals() + {'__name__': '__main__', '__package__': None, '__doc__': None, + '__builtins__': , (...) } + >>> + + +.. glossary:: + + locals + + The `locals()` builtin function lists the variables that lives in the + current namespace. + + globals + + The `globals()` builtin function lists the variables that lives in the + general namespace. + + +`locals()` in the global namespace and `locals()`` in a local namespace +(a function's namespace):: + + >>> def myfunc(x): + ... a = 2 + ... print(locals()) + ... + >>> locals() + {'__package__': None, '__spec__': None, (...)'__name__': '__main__', '__builtins__': } + >>> # we can see that there's no "a" variable + >>> myfunc("toto") + {'x': 'toto', 'a': 2} + >>> # in the function there is a "a" variable + +When we open a prompt, the general namespace and the local namespace are the same. + +.. glossary:: + + builtins + + The `__builtins__`` module is a special module : + it is the only namespace which is automaticaly imported. + It means that the variables function that are in the builtins are always + accessible. You can always call them. + +For example, you can use the function `dir` which is directly accessible +without importing any module:: + + >>> dir() + ['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...] + >>> + +In fact, the `dir()` function lives in the `__builtins__`:: + + >>> __builtins__.dir() + ['__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', ...] + + +type:: + + >>> help(dir) + +to have help on a given function or module. + + +`__doc__`: this namespace's docstring +`__package__`: the current namespace + +`__name__` is the name of the current namespace, which is `__main__`:: + + >>> __name__ + '__main__' + >>> + +why is it `__main__` ? Because we are located in the global namespace. + +Modules +------- + +A module is a namespace, it is a pyhton file that you can import in another module. +A python file is intended to become a library, but you can use it as a script. + +If you want to use module as a script, the good pratice is to fix its behavior with:: + + if __name__ == '__main__': + do_this() + +It means that if you launch the module in the global namespace, then the module +is not used as a library but as a standalone script. +The good practice in a module is to do nothing. +If you launch:: + + do_this() + +without the test condition:: + + if __name__ == '__main__': + +when you import the module:: + + import mymodule + +it will launch the `do_this` function, wich is not a intended behavior for a library. +A library is just a set of function/classes that are available in a given namespace. +A script is intended to do something when launched, not a library. + +What are scripts ? +Scripts are executable file, they have a she bang:: + + #!/usr/bin/env python3 + +You can import some other libraries in your script, and it becomes an application:: + + import my_second_module + +or:: + + from my_second_module import my_function + +or:: + + from my_second_module import my_function as my_function_alias + +or:: + + import my_second_module as my_second_module_alias + +Assinging a variable +--------------------- + +:: + + >>> a = 42. + >>> type(a) + + +what is dynamic typing ? You can set some other value to the `a` variable that +has nothing to do with the previous type:: + + >>> a = 42j + >>> type(a) + + >>> + +Functions +---------- + +This function:: + + >>> def my_function(a, b): + ... """this is my func docstring""" + ... + +is equivalent to:: + + >>> def my_function(a, b): + ... """this is my func docstring""" + ... return None + + +There are no procedures in python (a procedure returns nothing). It means that +a function return always someting. Even if you don't *return* something: it +returns `None`, which is something:: + + >>> result = my_function(1, 2) + >>> print(result) + None + >>> print(my_function(1, 2)) + None + +**In python, a function is... an object**. Yes. What is a docstring's function +? A Docstring is the `__doc__` attribute of the `my_function` object:: + + >>> my_function.__doc__ + 'this is my func docstring' + >>> + +In python, absolutely everything is an object... even the functions:: + + >>> type (my_function) + + >>> + +A function is an instance of the `function` class. + +Unnamed arguments in a function:: + + >>> def my_fonction(*args, **kwargs): + ... print("arguments : ", str(args)) + ... print("named argumments : ", str(kwargs)) + ... + >>> my_fonction("toto", "titi", tutu=2, tata=3) + arguments : ('toto', 'titi') + named argumments : {'tata': 3, 'tutu': 2} + >>> + +The *samouraï* rule +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A function shall return the expected result, or... kill itself +(that is, raise and exception). + +>>> def function_raise(x): +... if not type(x) == int: +... raise TypeError("Not the right type") +... else: +... return x + 1 +... +>>> try: +... e = function_raise("une string") +... except TypeError, e: +... print e +... +Not the right type +>> diff --git a/python/python3/en/notebooks/Pandas.ipynb b/python/python3/en/notebooks/Pandas.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78467d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/notebooks/Pandas.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "The **import** keyword is used to import a library" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "6.123233995736766e-17\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "print(math.cos(math.pi / 2))\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Pandas\n", + "=======" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/html": [ + "
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\n", + "
" + ], + "text/plain": [ + " Column 1 Column 2 Column 3\n", + "0 Cerise Lanister 14\n", + "1 Paul Durand 13\n", + "2 Pierre Dupont 16\n", + "3 john Snow 12" + ] + }, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "display_data" + } + ], + "source": [ + "dico = {('john', 'Snow') : 12, ('Paul', 'Durand') : 13, (\"Pierre\", \"Dupont\") : 16, (\"Cerise\", \"Lanister\") : 14}\n", + "import pandas\n", + "df = pandas.Series(dico).reset_index()\n", + "df.columns = ['Column 1', 'Column 2', 'Column 3']\n", + "from IPython.display import display\n", + "display(df)" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.6.5" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/python/python3/en/notebooks/pandas.txt b/python/python3/en/notebooks/pandas.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21cff47 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/notebooks/pandas.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +stands for **example** + +ipython and pandas examples here + + jupyter notebook Pandas.ipynb + + diff --git a/python/python3/en/sdl.txt b/python/python3/en/sdl.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..723c8db --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/sdl.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +The standard library +==================== + + +.. glossary:: + + standard library + + "There must be an obvious way to do it". + + One of the basic rules. That's why you must have a look at the SDL_ + +.. _`SDL`: http://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html diff --git a/python/python3/en/utilities.txt b/python/python3/en/utilities.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db9afcf --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/en/utilities.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +Utilities +========= + + +duration +-------- + + +The :mod:`timeit` module lets you measure the execution +time of small bits of Python code + + +.. literalinclude:: ../src/duration.py diff --git a/python/python3/fr/DesignPatterns.txt b/python/python3/fr/DesignPatterns.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f0a7e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/DesignPatterns.txt @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +Les design patterns +===================== + +Les design patterns **ne sont pas** indépendants du langage. +Ils dépendent de l'implémentation. + +Le duck typing +------------------- + +En python, le duck typing est une forme extreme de programmation par interface. +Ne pas hériter dans des directions fausse + +exemple : une voiture ne peut hériter d'un moteur, parce que un moteur n'est pas une voiture. + +hold or wrap ? +-------------- + +**hold**:: + + O.S.method() + +Cela induit un couplage fort (cf la loi de Demeter) + +.. important:: law of Demeter : never more than one dot. + +wrap : a hold by private name, with a:: + + self.S.method() + +Ou bien une méthode getattr:: + + __getattr__() + +Gets coupling right. + + +wrapper can restrict, inheritance cannot restrict +-------------------------------------------------- + +:: + + class RestrictingWrapper(object): + + def __init__(self, w, block): + self._w = w + self._block = block + + def __getattr__(self, n): + if n in self._block: + raise AttributeError, n + return getattr(self._w, n) + +Pattern de création : singleton +------------------------------- + +# utiliser un module au lieu d'une classe + +in `toto.py`:: + + class Toto() + toto = Toto() + +in another module:: + + from toto import toto + +la factory +-------------- + +:: + + def load(pkg, obj): + m = __import__(pkg, {}, {}, [obj]) + return getattr(m, obj) + + cls = load('p1.p2.p3', 'c4') + + +template method (self delegation) +--------------------------------- + +# Abstract base class:: + + def OrganiseMethod() + def org_method(): + def do_this() + def do_that() + + def Concrete(OrganiseMethod) + def do_this(): ... + def do_that(): ... + +il est préférable de lever une NotImplementedError, ce qui revient à faire +une classe abstraite. diff --git a/python/python3/fr/Makefile b/python/python3/fr/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3614a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +# Makefile for Sphinx documentation +# + +# You can set these variables from the command line. +SPHINXOPTS = +SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build +PAPER = +BUILDDIR = _build + +# Internal variables. +PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4 +PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter +ALLSPHINXOPTS = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) . +# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others +I18NSPHINXOPTS = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) . + +.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext + +help: + @echo "Please use \`make ' where is one of" + @echo " html to make standalone HTML files" + @echo " dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories" + @echo " singlehtml to make a single large HTML file" + @echo " pickle to make pickle files" + @echo " json to make JSON files" + @echo " htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project" + @echo " qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project" + @echo " devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project" + @echo " epub to make an epub" + @echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter" + @echo " latexpdf to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex" + @echo " text to make text files" + @echo " man to make manual pages" + @echo " texinfo to make Texinfo files" + @echo " info to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo" + @echo " gettext to make PO message catalogs" + @echo " changes to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items" + @echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity" + @echo " doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)" + +clean: + -rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/* + +html: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html." + +dirhtml: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml." + +singlehtml: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml." + +pickle: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle + @echo + @echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files." + +json: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json + @echo + @echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files." + +htmlhelp: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp + @echo + @echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \ + ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp." + +qthelp: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp + @echo + @echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \ + ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:" + @echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/python.qhcp" + @echo "To view the help file:" + @echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/python.qhc" + +devhelp: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp + @echo + @echo "Build finished." + @echo "To view the help file:" + @echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/python" + @echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/python" + @echo "# devhelp" + +epub: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub." + +latex: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex + @echo + @echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." + @echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \ + "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)." + +latexpdf: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex + @echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..." + $(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf + @echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." + +text: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text." + +man: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man." + +texinfo: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo." + @echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \ + "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)." + +info: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo + @echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..." + make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info + @echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo." + +gettext: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale + @echo + @echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale." + +changes: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes + @echo + @echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes." + +linkcheck: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck + @echo + @echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \ + "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt." + +doctest: + $(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest + @echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \ + "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt." diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/DesignPatterns.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/DesignPatterns.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..230fc4c Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/DesignPatterns.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/classes.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/classes.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3fde31 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/classes.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/docutils.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/docutils.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73b4e7a Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/docutils.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5b3e45 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/environment.pickle differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/exceptions.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/exceptions.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1447475 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/exceptions.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/exercices.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/exercices.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4162e68 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/exercices.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/getting-started.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/getting-started.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..86291a8 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/getting-started.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/index.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/index.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b5f502 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/index.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/liens.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/liens.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..853c4c9 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/liens.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/prompt.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/prompt.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e923877 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/prompt.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/settings.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/settings.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd079c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/settings.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/specialmethods.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/specialmethods.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..476c208 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/specialmethods.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/stdlib.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/stdlib.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b10803 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/stdlib.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/structures.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/structures.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbe0e4c Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/structures.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/testsunitaires.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/testsunitaires.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12b9dac Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/testsunitaires.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/type.doctree b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/type.doctree new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06a2876 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/doctrees/type.doctree differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/.buildinfo b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afd4a2b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: ae2abe7703a46685be1c606e20366209 +tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/DesignPatterns.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/DesignPatterns.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b38a8f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/DesignPatterns.html @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ + + + + + + + Les design patterns — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Les design patterns

+

Les design patterns ne sont pas indépendants du langage. +Ils dépendent de l’implémentation.

+
+

Le duck typing

+

En python, le duck typing est une forme extreme de programmation par interface. +Ne pas hériter dans des directions fausse

+

exemple : une voiture ne peut hériter d’un moteur, parce que un moteur n’est pas une voiture.

+
+
+

hold or wrap ?

+

hold:

+
O.S.method()
+
+
+

Cela induit un couplage fort (cf la loi de Demeter)

+
+

Important

+

law of Demeter : never more than one dot.

+
+

wrap : a hold by private name, with a:

+
self.S.method()
+
+
+

Ou bien une méthode getattr:

+
__getattr__()
+
+
+

Gets coupling right.

+
+
+

wrapper can restrict, inheritance cannot restrict

+
class RestrictingWrapper(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, w, block):
+    self._w = w
+    self._block = block
+
+  def __getattr__(self, n):
+    if n in self._block:
+      raise AttributeError, n
+    return getattr(self._w, n)
+
+
+
+
+

Pattern de création : singleton

+

# utiliser un module au lieu d’une classe

+

in toto.py:

+
class Toto()
+toto = Toto()
+
+
+

in another module:

+
from toto import toto
+
+
+
+
+

la factory

+
def load(pkg, obj):
+    m = __import__(pkg, {}, {}, [obj])
+    return getattr(m, obj)
+
+cls = load('p1.p2.p3', 'c4')
+
+
+
+
+

template method (self delegation)

+

# Abstract base class:

+
def OrganiseMethod()
+  def org_method():
+     def do_this()
+     def do_that()
+
+def Concrete(OrganiseMethod)
+    def do_this(): ...
+    def do_that(): ...
+
+
+

il est préférable de lever une NotImplementedError, ce qui revient à faire +une classe abstraite.

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/cli.py b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/cli.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f65ba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/cli.py @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +# -*- coding: utf8 -*- +"""Command line interpreter +""" +import cmd + +# ____________________________________________________________ +# this Cli is a model of a basic use of a simple cmd +class Cli(cmd.Cmd): + def __init__(self): + cmd.Cmd.__init__(self) + self.doc_header = "Documented commands (type help ):" + self.undoc_header = "Undocumented commands" + self.prompt = "#Prompt> " + self.intro = """cli (command line interpreter) +(type help or ? for commands list)""" + self.ruler = "-" + + def emptyline(self): + print "Type 'exit' to finish withe the session or type ? for help." + + def default(self, line): + print "unknown command prefix" + print "*** unknown syntax : %s (type 'help' for help for a list of valid commands)"%line + self.emptyline() + + def do_exit(self, line): + """Exits from the console""" + return True + + def do_quit(self, line): + return True + + def do_EOF(self, args): + """Exit on system end of file character""" + return True + +# ____________________________________________________________ +# commands pre and post actions +# def precmd(self, line): +# return line +# def postcmd(self, stop, line): +# # if there is a problem, just return True : it stops everythings +# stop = True +# return stop # quit if stop == True +# ____________________________________________________________ +# program pre and post actions +# def preloop(self): +# # action for the beginning of the program +# pass + +# def postloop(self): +# # action for the end of the program +# print "exit cli" +# ____________________________________________________________ + +class HelloCli(Cli): + + def input_hello(self, line): + return line.replace(",", " and ") + + def output_hello(self, result): + print result + + def do_hello(self, line): + self.output_hello("hello, " + self.input_hello(line)) + #return False # if you want to stay into the cli + return True # if you want to exit + +if __name__ == '__main__': + prompt = HelloCli() + prompt.cmdloop("intro, modifies Cmd.intro") + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/decorateur.py b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/decorateur.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8770886 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/decorateur.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +def helloworld(ob): + print "Hello world" + return ob + +@helloworld +def myfunc(): + print "my function" + +myfunc() +print myfunc diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/heritage.py b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/heritage.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db2e19b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/heritage.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +class Turbo(object): + def turbo(self): + return "VRRRRROUUUMMM" + +class Prix(object): + def get_prix(self): + raise NotImplementedError + +class Voiture(Prix, Turbo): + def __init__(self, constructeur, vitesse_max=160): + self.constructeur = constructeur + self.vitesse_max = vitesse_max + + def roule(self): + return "vroummm" + + def signaletique(self): + return "constructeur : {0}, vitesse_max {1}".format(self.constructeur, + self.vitesse_max) + +class DoDoche(Voiture): + def get_prix(self): + return "4000" + +def achete_voiture(voiture): + if not hasattr(voiture, "get_prix"): + raise TypeError("pas le bon type") + return "prix de la voiture: {0} euros".format(voiture.get_prix()) diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/iterable.py b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/iterable.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bce9444 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/iterable.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +liste = ['blah', 'blih', 'bluh'] +iterateur = liste.__iter__() +print iterateur.next() +print iterateur.next() +print iterateur.next() +print iterateur.next() +#Traceback (most recent call last): +# File '', line 1, in ; +#StopIteration + +class Iterateur: + i = 0 + def next(self): + if self.i <= 10: raise StopIteration + self.i += 1 + return 2**self.i + def __iter__(self): return self + +iterateur = Iterateur() +for i in iterateur: print i diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/patrons.py b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/patrons.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..808203b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/patrons.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +class NotFoundError(Exception): + pass + +class MaClasse: + pass + +class MaClasseDeux: + pass + +binding = dict(un=MaClasse, deux=MaClasseDeux) + +def ma_factory(key): + if key in binding: + return binding[key]() + else: + return NotFoundError("keskece?") + + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/pystartup b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/pystartup new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4a48de --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/pystartup @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Add auto-completion and a stored history file of commands to your Python +# interactive interpreter. Requires Python 2.0+, readline. Autocomplete is +# bound to the Esc key by default (you can change it - see readline docs). +# +# Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to +# it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash. +# +# Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full +# path to your home directory. +import rlcompleter +import readline +readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") + +import os +histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist") +try: + readline.read_history_file(histfile) +except IOError: + pass + +import atexit +atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) +del os, histfile + +# enhanced completion +#import rlcompleter2 +#rlcompleter2.setup() + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/wrap.py b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/wrap.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a48215 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_downloads/wrap.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +class Wrap(object): + def __init__(self, name, wrap): + self.slots = ('_name', '_w') + self._name = name or "wrapped_element" + self._w = wrap + + def __getattr__(self, name): + if name in self.slots: + return getattr(self, name) + else: + return getattr(self._w, name) + +# def get_w(self, name): +# return getattr(self._w, name) + +# def set_w(self, name, value): +# return setattr(self._w, name, value) + +# _w = property (get_w, set_w) + + def __repr__(self): + return "[W_Element %s]"% repr(self._name) diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_images/DocPython.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_images/DocPython.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdd85d6 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_images/DocPython.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_images/ModuleIndex.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_images/ModuleIndex.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad02a49 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_images/ModuleIndex.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/DesignPatterns.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/DesignPatterns.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f0a7e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/DesignPatterns.txt @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +Les design patterns +===================== + +Les design patterns **ne sont pas** indépendants du langage. +Ils dépendent de l'implémentation. + +Le duck typing +------------------- + +En python, le duck typing est une forme extreme de programmation par interface. +Ne pas hériter dans des directions fausse + +exemple : une voiture ne peut hériter d'un moteur, parce que un moteur n'est pas une voiture. + +hold or wrap ? +-------------- + +**hold**:: + + O.S.method() + +Cela induit un couplage fort (cf la loi de Demeter) + +.. important:: law of Demeter : never more than one dot. + +wrap : a hold by private name, with a:: + + self.S.method() + +Ou bien une méthode getattr:: + + __getattr__() + +Gets coupling right. + + +wrapper can restrict, inheritance cannot restrict +-------------------------------------------------- + +:: + + class RestrictingWrapper(object): + + def __init__(self, w, block): + self._w = w + self._block = block + + def __getattr__(self, n): + if n in self._block: + raise AttributeError, n + return getattr(self._w, n) + +Pattern de création : singleton +------------------------------- + +# utiliser un module au lieu d'une classe + +in `toto.py`:: + + class Toto() + toto = Toto() + +in another module:: + + from toto import toto + +la factory +-------------- + +:: + + def load(pkg, obj): + m = __import__(pkg, {}, {}, [obj]) + return getattr(m, obj) + + cls = load('p1.p2.p3', 'c4') + + +template method (self delegation) +--------------------------------- + +# Abstract base class:: + + def OrganiseMethod() + def org_method(): + def do_this() + def do_that() + + def Concrete(OrganiseMethod) + def do_this(): ... + def do_that(): ... + +il est préférable de lever une NotImplementedError, ce qui revient à faire +une classe abstraite. diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/classes.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/classes.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ba2268 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/classes.txt @@ -0,0 +1,452 @@ +Définir et manipuler des classes +================================= + +.. glossary:: + + objet + + Un object est une entité possédant un type, un état, et un comportement. + Un object correspondant généralement à une entité du monde réel, mais + cette entité peut être abstraite. + On parle aussi d'**instance**. + +**état d'un objet** : ensemble de propriétés auxquelles sont associées des +valeurs. + +Les variables de l'objet sont appelées des **attributs**. +le comportement d'un :term:`objet` : + +- des actions effectuées sur l'objet +- des appels faits sur l'objet + +envois de messages à l'objet = appel de **méthodes** + +programmation objet (première approche) +----------------------------------------- + + +- le type et le protocole d'un objet sont définis par sa classe +- une classe possède un ensemble d'attributs et de méthodes + +deux relations possibles +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +.. glossary:: + + heritage + + relation "est une espèce de " utilisée entre une classe et une autre classe + + instantiation + + relation "est une instance de " entre un objet et une classe + + +- est une instance de (objets par rapport à classe) +- est une espèce de (classe par rapport à classe, :term:`heritage`) + +**instance** + +- définition d'une classe +- instance de classe : on peut créer des objets à partir d'un type "classe" + (une classe est instanciable) + +>>> class A: +... pass +... +>>> a = A() + +:term:`heritage` : notation en python + +>>> class A: pass +... +>>> class B(A): pass +... +>>> b = B() +>>> type(b) == B +>>> isinstance(b, A) == True + +possibilité en python d'héritage multiple:: + + class A(B, C): pass + + +attribut d'objets et de classes +---------------------------------- + +>>> o = object() +>>> o + +>>> class C(object): pass +... +>>> class C: pass +... +>>> c = C() +>>> c.a = 3 +>>> c.a +3 +>>> vars(c) +{'a': 3} +>>> c.__dict__ +{'a': 3} +>>> C.__dict__ +{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None} +>>> C.c = 5 +>>> C.__dict__ +{'c': 5, '__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None} +>>> c.c +5 +>>> c.z = 3 +>>> c.z +3 +>>> c.__dict__ +{'a': 3, 'z': 3} +>>> C.__dict__ +{'c': 5, '__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None} +>>> class MaKlass: +... def unefonction(self, x): +... print x +... +>>> MaKlass.__dict__ +{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'unefonction': } +>>> k = MaKlass() +>>> k.__dict__ +{} +>>> def autrefonc(self, x) + File "", line 1 + def autrefonc(self, x) + ^ +SyntaxError: invalid syntax +>>> def autrefonc(self, x): +... print x +... +>>> k.autrefonc = autrefonc +>>> k.__dict__ +{'autrefonc': } +>>> MaKlass.__dict__ +{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'unefonction': } +>>> MaKlass.unefonction(k, "toto") +toto +>>> k.unefonction("toto") +toto +>>> k.__dict__ +{'autrefonc': } +>>> MaKlass.toto = "test" +>>> k.__dict__ +{'autrefonc': } +>>> k.toto +'test' +>>> + + +le __dict__ avec l'héritage de classe +------------------------------------------- + + +>>> class A(object): pass +... +>>> A.__dict__ +dict_proxy({'__dict__': , '__module__': '__main__', '__weakref__': , '__doc__': None}) +>>> class B(A): +... b = 3 +... +>>> class C(B): +... c = 2 +... +>>> c = C() +>>> o = C() +>>> o.__dict__ +{} +>>> o.c +2 +>>> o.b +3 +>>> o.__class__ + +>>> o.__class__.__dict__ +dict_proxy({'__module__': '__main__', 'c': 2, '__doc__': None}) +>>> + + +method resolution object +----------------------------- + +>>> class A(object): pass +... +>>> A.__mro__ +(, ) +>>> class B(A): pass +... +>>> B.__mro__ +(, , ) +>>> class C(A, B): pass +... +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases + Cannot create a consistent method resolution +order (MRO) for bases A, B +>>> + + +introspection contre encapsulation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +voir un objet comme un espace de nommage. C'est plus **agile**. + +attributs et méthodes vus comme des ajouts dans l'espace de nommage + +>>> a.a = 2 +>>> def function(x): +... print x +... +>>> a.f = function +>>> a.f("hello") +hello +>>> + + +la nécessité d'un design objet +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +affichage d'une calculette, il faut créer un type `Touche` +qui contient deux désignations : `Chiffre` et `operation`:: + + type operation = Plus | Moins | Divise + type touche = Chiffre of int | Memoire | Op of operation + +soit, on définit un type touche, soit on ne définit pas ce type:: + + type operation = Plus | Moins | Divise + type memoire = Memoire + type chiffre = Chiffre + +- les structures de données (int, str, list, dict...) : types de base +- les structures de données utilisateur : les classes ! + +.. function:: type (objname) + + :param objname: l'objet dont on veut connaître le type + +Manipulations sur les classes et les objets +--------------------------------------------- + +En python un type et une classe c'est la même chose. Une classe +est un type standard. En python tout est objet, et tout provient d'un seul objet +(qui s'appelle ``object``). + +- encapsulation (cacher les attributs (variables d'état)) d'un objet. + +- interfaces : chaque aspect d'une classe peut être vu comme une interface. + +Une interface décrit un ensemble de comportements. +on peut considérer une interface comme un protocole d'utilisation d'un objet +dans un contexte donné. + +on peut alors créer des outils qui sauront traiter n'importe quel objet +pourvu qu'il respecte une ensemble d'interfaces. + +.. todo:: travailler l'héritage, l'aggrégation, la délégation + +Voici un exemple de classe `Voiture` : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + :pyobject: Voiture + +j'instancie ma classe `Voiture` : + +>>> ma_voiture = Voiture("ma_marque", "150km/h") +>>> ma_voiture.roule() +'vroummm' +>>> ma_voiture.signaletique() +'constructeur : ma_marque, vitesse_max 150km/h' + +.. todo:: faire des traitements dans l'init + +- héritage (est une sorte de) +- polymorphisme : un objet apparait comme une instance d'une classe parente + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + :pyobject: Turbo + +>>> v = DoDoche("marque", 160) +>>> v.get_prix() +'7000' +>>> isinstance(v, Prix) +True +>>> + +mais l'objet conserve son identité : + +>>> type(v) + + +la fonction ``achete_voiture()`` sera appelée indépendamment du type de l'objet, +du moment que l'objet a une méthode `get_prix()`, c'est le duck typing, qu'il +est préférable de ramener au polymorphisme d'objet, ou bien utiliser les :mod:`abc` +(abstract base classes). + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + :pyobject: achete_voiture + +tout le code : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + +:download:`télécharger le code ` + +- **l'aggrégation** + +un attribut est lui-même un objet (ce qui est fréquent en python)... + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/aggregation.py + +- **la délégation** + +la fonction "property" est un élément du design de python lui-même + +.. function:: property() + +les patrons de conception +--------------------------- + +- le patron **factory** + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/patrons.py + +:download:`télécharger usine (factory) ` + +- le patron **wrapper** + +:download:`télécharger wrapper ` + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/wrap.py + +exemple d'utilisation de `Wrap()` + +>>> class O: +... pass +... +>>> o = O() +>>> o.a = "blah" +>>> +>>> from wrap import Wrap +>>> w = Wrap("monwrap", o) +>>> w._name +'monwrap' +>>> w._w +<__main__.O instance at 0x7fbf177aaa28> +>>> w._w.a +'blah' +>>> w.a +'blah' +>>> w.u +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + File "wrap.py", line 11, in __getattr__ + return getattr(self._w, name) +AttributeError: O instance has no attribute 'u' +>>> + +- le patron de conception **itérable** + +:download:`télécharger iterable ` + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/iterable.py + +- le patron **decorateur** + +:download:`télécharger decorateur ` + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/decorateur.py + +>>> def deco(func): +... func.attr = 'decorated' +... return func +... +>>> @deco +... def f(): pass +... +>>> f.attr +'decorated' +>>> + +autre exemple : les méthodes statiques + +>>> class A(object): +... @staticmethod +... def my_class_method(cls): +... # do stuff here + + +métaclasses +----------------- + +>>> class A: +... pass +... +>>> type(A) + +>>> class B(object): pass +... +>>> type(B) + +>>> help(type) + +>>> C = type('C', (), {}) +>>> C + +>>> + +>>> type(object) + +>>> type(type) + +>>> isinstance(type, object) +True +>>> isinstance(object, type) +True +>>> + +:: + + class MaMetaClasse(type): + """Exemple d'une métaclasse.""" + def __new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict): + """Création de notre classe.""" + print("On crée la classe {}".format(nom)) + return type.__new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict) + + class MaClasse(object): + __metaclass__ = MaMetaClasse + + +exemple : forcer l'implémentation d'un singleton avec les métaclasses + +:: + + class Singleton(type): + instance = None + def __call__(cls, *args, **kw): + if not cls.instance: + cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw) + return cls.instance + + class ASingleton(object): + __metaclass__ = Singleton + + a = ASingleton() + b = ASingleton() + assert a is b + print(a.__class__.__name__, b.__class__.__name__) + + class BSingleton(object): + __metaclass__ = Singleton + + c = BSingleton() + d = BSingleton() + assert c is d + print(c.__class__.__name__, d.__class__.__name__) + assert c is not a + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/docutils.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/docutils.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d938b09 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/docutils.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Sphinx et docutils +===================== + +Docutils +------------ + +Il y a des librairies de bas niveau qui permettent de générer de l'odt, je pense à pyUNO, ou bien ezodf_ + +.. _ezodf: https://pythonhosted.org/ezodf/ + +A l'opposé, il y a des librairies de très haut niveau intégré à des chaînes de documentation avec des sources en xml, des modèles documentaires, des chartes graphiques, etc. Par exemple, scenari_ + +.. _scenari: http://scenari-platform.org/projects/scenari/fr/pres/co/ + +Un juste milieu est la très intéressante librairie docutils_ : + +.. _docutils: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ + +Il s'agit d'une libairie python très utilisée dans le monde python (par exemple, la documentation officielle python est rédigée en `syntaxe docutils`_). + +.. _`syntaxe docutils` : http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/index.html + +C'est une `syntaxe wiki`_ assez puissante, un sur-ensemble de la très connue syntaxe markdown. + +.. _`syntaxe wiki`: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/rst/quickref.html + +Pour l'installer:: + + apt-get install python-docutils + +Il y a plusieurs utilitaires : ``rst2html``, ``rst2*``, l'utilitaire que je te conseille est : ``rst2odt``. + +Pour l'usage de `rst2odt`_ c'est simple, on part d'un fichier texte formaté en restructured text:: + + rst2odt fichier.txt > fichier.odt + +Et voilà simple, pratique, efficace. + +.. _`rst2odt`: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/odt.html + +C'est l'outil que nous utilisons en priorité. Voici un exemple d'usage avancé avec l'utilisation d'un modèle:: + + rst2odt --create-links --file-insertion-enabled --raw-enabled --endnotes-end-doc \ + --stylesheet=styles/styles.odt --custom-odt-footer="XXXREMPLACEHEADERXXX" \ + DossierCommercial.rst > DossierCommercial.odt + +La documentation technique +----------------------------- + +L'outil sphinx_ + +.. _sphinx: http://sphinx-doc.org/ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/exceptions.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/exceptions.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..386413b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/exceptions.txt @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +Le style de programmation par exceptions +======================================== + +.. glossary:: + + Exception + + Les exceptions permettent de récupérer des situations où le calcul ne peut pas se poursuivre. + Dans ces cas, un récupérateur d'exceptions permet de continuer le calcul + sachant qu'une des branches a échoué. + + +Exemple d':term:`exception` + +>>> assert 2 == 1 +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +AssertionError + + + +La règle du samouraï +---------------------- + +.. important:: règle du Samouraï : une fonction doit renvoyer le résultat escompté + ou bien lever une exception + + +>>> def function_raise(x): +... if not type(x) == int: +... raise TypeError("Pas le bon type") +... else: +... return x + 1 +... +>>> try: +... e = function_raise("une string") +... except TypeError, e: +... print e +... +Pas le bon type +>> + +- la fonction doit renvoyer des valeurs du même type (ou bien ``None``) +- la fonction doit lever une exception appropriée + + +utiliser la pile d'appel pour débugger +--------------------------------------- + +Utiliser la pile d'appels, elle se lit de bas en haut. Il est possible de +provoquer cette pile d'appels. + +:: + + import traceback + traceback.print_exc() + +.. todo:: s'exercer à lire une pile d'appels un peu complexe. + + +Traiter une exception avec + +:: + + try: + ... + except: + import traceback + traceback.print_exc() + + else: + bla bla + finally: + bla bla + +.. attention:: ne **jamais** briser la pile d'appels sans savoir précisément + ce que l'on fait, et remonter une autre exception + +Exemple : + + +>>> def function(x): +... if x == 1: raise TypeError("pas le bon type") +... else: return "ok" +... +>>> def function2(x): +... try: +... return "c'est " + function(x) +... except TypeError, e: +... raise AssertionError("on a une autre exception là") +... +>>> try: +... function2(1) +... except Exception, e: +... print e +... +on a une autre exception là +>>> + +Le raise (ou le re-raise) est souvent utilisé pour lever une exception métier +et cacher une exception système de bas niveau. + +exemple:: + + try: + add_s(dn, listdata) + except ldap.LDAPError, err: + raise MyOwnError(msg + str(err)) + except Exception: + pass + +.. todo:: dans quel cas entrons-nous dans le `else` ? dans le `finally` ? + +.. todo:: créer des exceptions métier + +exemple d'exceptions *dans la vraie vie*:: + + "user defined exceptions" + + + # Exceptions for an Option + class PropertiesOptionError(AttributeError): + "attempt to access to an option with a property that is not allowed" + def __init__(self, msg, proptype): + self.proptype = proptype + super(PropertiesOptionError, self).__init__(msg) + + + #____________________________________________________________ + # Exceptions for a Config + class ConfigError(Exception): + """attempt to change an option's owner without a value + or in case of `_cfgimpl_descr` is None + or if a calculation cannot be carried out""" + pass + + + class ContextError(Exception): + """context needed but not given + """ + pass + + + class ConflictError(Exception): + "duplicate options are present in a single config" + pass + + + #____________________________________________________________ + # miscellaneous exceptions + class RequirementError(Exception): + """a recursive loop occurs in the requirements tree + requires + """ + pass + + + class SlaveError(Exception): + "problem with a slave's value length" + pass + + + class ConstError(TypeError): + "no uniq value in _NameSpace" + pass + +Créer le plus possible ses propres exceptions spécifiques au programme +La programmation par exception peut vite devenir un style de programmation +très utilisé. C'est assez agréable mais le réserver pour la gestion d'une situation +particulière, que ça reste une intervention pour les cas non gérés par le programme +(en général). + +Les exceptions imbriquées +-------------------------------- + +>>> try: +... ma_func() +... except TypeError, e: +... do_something() +... except Exception, e: +... do_somethin_else() +... + +Exemple de programme utilisant massivement la programmation par exceptions : +`tiramisu`_ + +.. _tiramisu: http://tiramisu.labs.libre-entreprise.org/ + + +La hiérarchie des exceptions +----------------------------- + +Extrait de la documentation officielle:: + + BaseException + +-- SystemExit + +-- KeyboardInterrupt + +-- GeneratorExit + +-- Exception + +-- StopIteration + +-- StandardError + | +-- BufferError + | +-- ArithmeticError + | | +-- FloatingPointError + | | +-- OverflowError + | | +-- ZeroDivisionError + | +-- AssertionError + | +-- AttributeError + | +-- EnvironmentError + | | +-- IOError + | | +-- OSError + | | +-- WindowsError (Windows) + | | +-- VMSError (VMS) + | +-- EOFError + | +-- ImportError + | +-- LookupError + | | +-- IndexError + | | +-- KeyError + | +-- MemoryError + | +-- NameError + | | +-- UnboundLocalError + | +-- ReferenceError + | +-- RuntimeError + | | +-- NotImplementedError + | +-- SyntaxError + | | +-- IndentationError + | | +-- TabError + | +-- SystemError + | +-- TypeError + | +-- ValueError + | +-- UnicodeError + | +-- UnicodeDecodeError + | +-- UnicodeEncodeError + | +-- UnicodeTranslateError + +-- Warning + +-- DeprecationWarning + +-- PendingDeprecationWarning + +-- RuntimeWarning + +-- SyntaxWarning + +-- UserWarning + +-- FutureWarning + +-- ImportWarning + +-- UnicodeWarning + +-- BytesWarning diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/exercices.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/exercices.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e490b0a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/exercices.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Liste des exercices +-------------------- + +Voici la liste des liens vers les différents exercices de la formation. + + +.. todolist:: + + +exercices à faire +-------------------- + +- implémenter un script qui lit les arguments de la ligne de commande et qui les écrit sur la sortie standard +- implémenter les sous-classes de shape point et cercle, calculer le périmètre. +- itérer sur une liste et récupérer la valeur maximum de cette liste (la fonction builtin *max*) + + +>>> a = [3,8,3,5,9,1,4] +>>> max(a) +9 diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/getting-started.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/getting-started.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38ccd33 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/getting-started.txt @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +.. default-role :: literal + +Prise en main +============== + +L'objectif de ce cours est de vous apprendre à programmer en +:term:`python`. Ce cours a été fait avec :term:`sphinx`, l'outil de +gestion de documentation en python utilisé pour documenter python lui-même. + +Pour plus d'information : :doc:`docutils` + +Avec python : + +- vous n'avez pas grand chose à savoir pour arriver à faire beaucoup de choses, + +- vous allez pouvoir travailler de manière + + - entièrement autonome + - rapide + - agile (au sens des méthodes agiles) + +- vous allez progresser rapidement + +- aucune connaissance préalable en programmation n'est requise + +- le hello world en une ligne:: + + python -c "print 'hello'" + +- rendre un fichier exécutable et ajouter le she bang:: + + #!/usr/bin/env python + print "hello" + +.. note:: lorsqu'on lance python sur un programme, des fichiers + avec une extension `.pyc` apparaissent. + +.. glossary:: + + python + + python_ est un langage de programmation généraliste, libre, totalement + orienté objet, dynamiquement typé, semi-interprété ou, pour certaines + utilisations optimisées, compilé ou compilé à la volée (JIT). + + sphinx + + sphinx_ est un outil de documentation utilisant la syntaxe wiki + docutils_ + +- lorsqu'on lance python sans spécifier de nom de fichier, c'est l'interpréteur + python qui est lancé (le "prompt") + + +En python, le dicton le plus répandu est "there must be an obvious way +to do it", (il y a certainement une manière évidente de le faire en +python), ``import this`` permet de se remémorer les +dictons de python. Ce dicton est très différent de l'approche du perl +par exemple, qui présuppose : "there is more than one way to do it", +c'est-à-dire que en gros en perl, on peut le faire n'importe comment, +mais pas en python, enfin en python c'est pas conseillé de le faire à sa +sauce, il y a en général une bonne pratique à découvrir et à mettre en place. + +Taper "python" dans votre console + +:: + + >>> print "hello world" + hello world + +:: + + >>> import this + + Beautiful is better than ugly. + Explicit is better than implicit. + Simple is better than complex. + Complex is better than complicated. + + ... + +.. seealso:: + + les modules, :ref:`namespaces` et la librairie standard + :doc:`stdlib` + +pour avoir de l'aide, taper dans le prompt : + +>>> help(function) + +Le bon réflexe de chercher ce qui est le plus répandu et le plus utilisé est le +bon en python : on dit que python est livré "batteries included", ce qui +signifie que lorsqu'on a un besoin précis il faut chercher dans la librairie +standard python, puis dans les librairies les plus utilisées en python, puis en +dernier... le reste, ce qui est disponible. Mais si une librairie connue ne +fait pas exactement ce qui est attendu et qu'une libraire inconnue du bataillon +fait exactement ce qui est attendu, (et a l'air de fonctionner +correctement...), alors il faut choisir la libraire inconnue au bataillon. + + +usage de python +------------------ + +à peu près tous les domaines de l'informatique, du scripting système à la génération +de pdf en passant par le développement web et le développement rapide d'applications. + + +exemple : web server + +pour créer un serveur web simplement:: + + python -m server.http 8000 localhost + +exemple : utiliser python pour faire un fichier de conf + +:: + + spam = "eggs" + actions = [ + ('call_view', 'com.next') + ] + + +.. _python: http://www.python.org +.. _sphinx: http://sphinx.pocoo.org +.. _docutils: http://docutils.sf.net diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/index.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/index.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f20199 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/index.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + +Apprentissage de la programmation avec python +---------------------------------------------- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + getting-started + settings + type + structures + testsunitaires + docutils + +Programmation python, connaissances de base +-------------------------------------------- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + classes + prompt + specialmethods + exceptions + DesignPatterns + stdlib + +Récapitulatifs de la formation +--------------------------------- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + exercices + +Index et recherche +------------------- + +* :ref:`genindex` +* :ref:`modindex` +* :ref:`search` diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/liens.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/liens.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141e00 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/liens.txt @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +Bonjour à toute la promo, + +Comme convenu, voici quelques liens (algorithmiques et autres) + +D'abord, python :) + +https://www.python.org/ + +et le tuto dive into python + +http://www.diveintopython3.net/ + +et le fameux python challenge + +http://www.pythonchallenge.com/ + +c'est un challenge algorithmique qu'on peut résoudre avec du python mais pas forcément, on peut utiliser n'importe quel langage. + +Ceux qui dépasseront la sixième étape (sans regarder les soluces) auront droit à mon respect :) + +Ensuite, la librairie pandas que nous avons vue : + +http://pandas.pydata.org/ + +et pandas sur python-simple + +http://www.python-simple.com/python-pandas/stacking-unstacking-dataframe.php + +Sinon après il y a plein de livres, notamment le wikilivre + +https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programmation_algorithmique/Sommaire + +https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programmation_algorithmique_(livre) + +https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programmation + +après sur wikipédia il y a plein de pages consacrée à divers algorithmes (le voyageur de commerce, les algoritmes tirés de la biologie, etc...) mais on n'a pas vu ça en détails. + +après il y a une bonne présentation des modules et sous-modules (mais c'est de l'ocaml) + +https://www.good-eris.net/formation-ocaml/modules/submod.html + +vous pouvez aussi vous y mettre : + +https://www.good-eris.net/formation-ocaml/intro.html + +un très bon livre pour ocaml + +http://programmer-avec-ocaml.lri.fr/chap10.html + +de très bon livres pour apprendre le python existent aussi, notamment ceux de Tarek Ziadé (un français qui habite en Bourgogne). + +Voilà + +Très bonne continuation à vous tous, à bientôt +Gwen + + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/prompt.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/prompt.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4dc3735 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/prompt.txt @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +Interactions avec l'utilisateur +=============================== + +les prompts +-------------- + +`raw_input` ou `input` + +(raw_input renvoie une string, input essayes d'évaluer, soyez prudent...) + +>>> from subprocess import call +>>> filename = input("quel fichier voulez-vous afficher ?\n") +>>> call("cat " + filename, shell=True) + +.. _cmdlabel: + +le module :mod:`cmd` et les interpréteurs +-------------------------------------------- + +le monde des interpréteur ligne de commande... + +Peu après l'âge de bronze vint le temps de l'interpréteur ligne de commande, +c'est-à-dire quelque chose de plus spécifique que **l'application ligne de commande**, +ou que l'utilitaire ligne de commande. + + +Un interpréteur ligne de commande est un programme qui : + +- est forcément plein texte +- vous donne un prompt +- prends toutes ses entrées d'un coup +- produit une sortie (typiquement des lignes de texte) +- vous redonne un prompt + +Le shell unix est un bon exemple d'interpréteur ligne de commande. + +Un utilitaire ligne de commande est un programme unix-like qui prend toutes +les entrées d'un coup, et qui vous renvoie une sortie d'un coup. + +le module :mod:`cmd` : exemple d'utilisation + +.. module:: cmd + :synopsis: interpréteur ligne de commande + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/cli.py + +:download:`telecharger cmd ` + +:: + + >>> from cli import Cli + >>> prompt = Cli() + >>> prompt.cmdloop() + cli (command line interpreter) + (type help or ? for commands list) + #Prompt> ? + + Documented commands (type help ): + ========================================== + EOF exit + + Undocumented commands: + ====================== + cmd help quit + + #Prompt> + +pour ajouter une commande, utiliser simplement l'héritage:: + + >>> from cli import Cli + >>> class Prompt(Cli): + ... def do_hello(self, line): + ... print "hello %s", line + ... + >>> prompt = Prompt() + >>> prompt.cmdloop() + cli (command line interpreter) + (type help or ? for commands list) + #Prompt> ? + + Documented commands (type help ): + ========================================== + EOF exit + + Undocumented commands: + ====================== + cmd hello help quit + + #Prompt> hello world + + +.. todo:: faire un petit projet d'interpréteur ligne de commande du jeu C+/C- + +lire et écrire dans un fichier +------------------------------- + +les **handle de fichier** (file handles) + + +>>> +>>> fh = file('test', 'w') +>>> fh.write('hello world') +>>> fh.close() +>>> content = file('test', 'r').read() +>>> content +'hello world' +>>> diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/settings.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/settings.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1945551 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/settings.txt @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +Mettre en place son environnement de travail +============================================= + +Les éditeurs pour python +----------------------------- + +N'importe quel éditeur qui respecte les coding standards du pep8 convient : + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ + + +pep8_ + +.. _pep8: https://pep8.org/ + + +d'une manière générale, de base un éditeur spartiate peut convenir du moment +que l'intentation de 4 espaces est respectée et que les tablulations sont +remplacées par des espaces, car le plus important en python c'est l'indentation, +et le fait de bien voir ou est le règlage de l'encodage (ça doit être en ``utf-8``) +Pour voir si ton éditeur est bien configuré, tu prends n'importe quel fichier python +que tu as créé, puis tu faire un :: + + pep8 + +et `pep` va dire ce qui ne va pas en termes de syntaxe. + +IDLE +------ + +https://docs.python.org/2/library/idle.html + +Pour information, IDLE est un éditeur intégré (dans la lib standard de python) +mais je te le déconseille (trop spartiate). + +un framework de développement intégré : :term:`IDLE` + +.. glossary:: + + IDLE + IDLE_ est un IDE (environnement de développement intégré) mis à disposition + dans la :term:`librairie standard` de python + +.. _IDLE: http://docs.python.org/2/library/idle.html + + +nano +-------- + +pour l'exemple, avec **nano**, voici comment faire une config qui permette +de coder en python. On configure nano avec le ``.nanorc`` + +Exemple de ``.nanorc`` :: + + # replace les tabulations par 4 espaces + set tabsize 4 + set tabstospaces + # indente automatiquement + set autoindent + # la touche home renvoie en debut de code + set smarthome + # ne met pas de retour chariot a la fin d'une ligne + # si elle depasse la largeur du terminal + set nowrap + unset softwrap + + # chargement de plusieur fichiers + set multibuffer + + # coloration syntaxique + ## Python + #include "/usr/share/nano/python.nanorc" + +Gedit +--------- + +Gedit c'est très bien pour coder en python, mais de base c'est pas sur un serveur, +il faut pouvoir être en mode graphique. +Il faut règler l'indentation à 4 espaces pour respecter le pep8. +Et règler le replacement des tablulations par des espaces. +Mais surtout, très vite il faut installer les paquets additionnels, notamment +pour que gedit supprime les espaces en fin de ligne par exemple. + +Je l'utilise souvent mais il faut des plugins avec +genre ceux-ci (si tu es sur ubuntu):: + + apt-get install gedit-plugins + +dans ce paquet par exemple, l'outil pour commenter-décommenter le code est intéressant +(sélection d'un paragraphe, puis Ctrl-M) +tu peux régler après la complétion des parenthèses, etc. + +il y a aussi le paquet developer plugins : + +https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gedit-developer-plugins/ + +Après avec les plugins gedit commence à bien tenir la route. + +Vi +---------- + +Toujours la même problématiques (espaces, tablulation...) +Donc voici une partie de ``.vimrc`` qui le fait:: + + "Pour le collage" + set pt= + set vb t_vb=" + set shiftwidth=4 + set expandtab + set ts=4 + set sw=4 + syntax on + filetype indent on + filetype plugin on + set autoindent + set hlsearch " Surligne les resultats de recherche + set wrap " Pas de retour a la ligne auto (affichage) + set showmatch " Affiche parenthese correspondante + set softtabstop=4 " Largeur d'une tabulation + "set fdm=indent " Repli selon l'indentation + +maintenant après il y a un python-mode assez avancé qui permet de faire pas mal de choses. +(valider avec la syntaxe avec pylint, valider le pep8...) +Mais il faut une config plus avancée. + + +D'une manière générale, il y a la possibilité de valider avec des outils externes (pylint, pychecker, pep8...) et il y a aussi la possibilité de valider tout ça dans un éditeur. + + +configurer son éditeur : résumé +----------------------------------- + +- les fichiers sources ont l'extension `.py` +- une instruction par ligne +- les blocs sont marqués par l'indentation (utilser 4 espaces), règler + l'éditeur pour transformer les tabulations en espaces + +configurer son prompt python +------------------------------- + +.. envvar:: PYTHONPATH + + pointe par défaut sur le répertoire courant, il est possible d'ajouter + un path + +à mettre dans votre `.bashrc` : + +:: + + export PYTHONPATH:`pwd` + + export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:'/usr/share':'/toto/titi/tata' + + alias pyenv='export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`:$PYTHONPATH' + + export PYTHONSTARTUP='/home/gwen/.pystartup' + +.. envvar:: PYTHONSTARTUP + + les trucs à mettre dans vos pytstartups (comme dans vos .bashrc) + + - autocomplétion + - affichage de l'historique + +exemple de `.pystartup` + +à télécharger ici : :download:`snippets/pystartup` + +:: + + # Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to + # it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash. + # + # Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full + # path to your home directory. + import rlcompleter + import readline + readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") + + import os + histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist") + try: + readline.read_history_file(histfile) + except IOError: + pass + + import atexit + atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) + del os, histfile + + # enhanced completion + #import rlcompleter2 + #rlcompleter2.setup() + + +Consulter la librairie standard +------------------------------------- + +.. glossary:: + + librairie standard + + Une des règles de base de python est qu'il existe certainement une manière + conseillé de faire une tâche en python. Le premier réflexe est d'aller + voir dans la `librairie standard`_ + +.. _`librairie standard`: http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/index.html + +Premier réflexe : la doc en ligne ou bien installée sur votre disque dur. + +la page d'accueil de la doc officielle python : + +.. image:: images/DocPython.png + +et surtout, une fois la librairie standard abordée, la page d'index des +modules : + +.. image:: images/ModuleIndex.png diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/specialmethods.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/specialmethods.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ac4dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/specialmethods.txt @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +Programmation python courante +================================ + +.. _namespaces: + +les espaces de nommage +----------------------- + +L'espace de nommage le plus courant est l'organisation en modules et en packages. + +Packages et modules:: + + package/ + __init__.py + module1.py + subpackage/ + __init__.py + module2.py + +A utilser pour organiser votre projet +Permet de minimiser les risques de conflits de nome +Permet de diminuer les entrées dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` + +:: + + import package.module1 + from package.subpackage import module2 + from package.subpackage.module2 import name + +- le fichier `__init__.py` +- `reload(module)` au prompt + +- dangereux : l'import "*", utiliser l'attribut spécial `__all__` pour l'import + sélectif + +:: + + from os import * + +lance un module en tant que script : + +:: + + if __name__ == "__main__": + main() + +Organisation modulaire + +- construire des composants élémentaires +- combiner ces composants +- utiliser une structure pyramidale : les composants sont les éléments de + composants plus complexes. + + +- découplage de l'ensemble en composants indépendants (gros programmes réalisables) +- donner de la structure (rendre les gros programmes compréhensibles) +- spécifier les liens entre les composants (rendre les programmes maintenables) +- identifier les sous-composants indépendants (rendre les programmes réutilisables) +- forcer l'abstraction (augmenter la sureté du programme) + +modules chargés et modules importés +-------------------------------------- + +Les modules susceptibles d'être chargés sont dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`. +Mais comment peut-on savoir ou ils sont physiquement (sur le disque dur) ? + +.. envvar:: `sys.modules` + +>>> 'twisted' in sys.modules +False +>>> import twisted +>>> 'twisted' in sys.modules +True +>>> sys.modules['twisted'] + +>>> + +.. attention:: un module présent dans `sys.modules` n'est pas forcément importé + dans l'espace de nommage usuel. Il faut importer le module pour + pouvoir l'utiliser. + +>>> sys.modules['email'] + +>>> dir(email) +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +NameError: name 'email' is not defined +>>> + +Pour récupérer le chemin du module + +.. code-block:: python + + print(os.path.abspath(.__file__)) + +Pour importer un module qui n'est pas dans le `sys.path` + + +.. code-block:: python + + fch = open('/path/to/mymodule/custom.py', 'r') + my_module = imp.load_module('dhcp_custom', fch, '/path/to/mymodule.py', ('.py', 'U', 1)) + +Connaître la version d'un module +------------------------------------- + +Exemple : le module ``datetime`` + +C'est suivant la version de python car c'est la librairie standard. + +Sinon, en général il y a un attribut __version__ + +>>> import sqlalchemy +>>> sqlalchemy.__version__ +'0.9.8' +>>> + + +Les méthodes spéciales +----------------------- + +méthodes spéciales correspondants aux interfaces des types de bases : + +.. function:: __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + le constructeur de l'instance d'objet + +.. function:: __add__(self, other) + + correspond à la notation `+` + +exemple : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/specialmethods.py + +>>> from specialmethods import * +>>> z = Zone("titi", 10) +>>> z2 = Zone("tutu", 40) +>>> z > z2 +False +>>> z + z2 + +>>> z3 = z + z2 +>>> z3.name +'tititutu' +>>> z3.level +50 +>>> + +Attributs et accesseurs +--------------------------- + +python est un langage à attributs, c'est-à-dire que le protocole d'accès +aux attributs est règlable. + +>>> class C(object): +... classattr = "a class attribute" +... +>>> cobj = C() +>>> cobj.classattr +'a class attribute' +>>> cobj.insattr = "an instance attribute" +>>> cobj.insattr +'an instance attribute' +>>> C.__dict__['classattr'] +'a class attribute' +>>> cobj.__dict__['insattr'] +'an instance attribute' + +les attributs ne sont pas systématiquement encapsulées en python. + +pour contrôler l'accès aux attributs, on utilise les méthodes spéciales:: + + __getattr__(self, name) + + __setattr__(self, name, value) + + class AnObject(object): + ...... + def __setattr__(self, name, val): + if name == 'src': #do something + # this will assign the real object.name, + #despite __setattr__ + self.__dict__[name]=val + def __getattr__(self, name): + # ... + try: + func = getattr(obj, "method") + except AttributeError: + ... deal with missing method ... + else: + result = func(args) + + func = getattr(obj, "method", None) + if callable(func): + func(args) + +- un **attribut** spécial : `__slots__` + +permet de fixer les attributs possibles d'une classe + +:: + + >>> class Bar(object): + ... __slots__ = ("a","b","c") + ... + >>> b = Bar() + >>> b.a = "toto" + >>> b.a + 'toto' + >>> b.d = "titi" + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in ? + AttributeError: 'Bar' object has no attribute 'd' + +les slots +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +.. important:: l'encapsulation n'est pas une condition de base de la programmation + par objects, surtout que le contrôle nuit à l'agilité. + +>>> class Point(object): +... __slots__ = 'x', 'y' +... +>>> p = Point() +>>> p.x = 2 +>>> p.y = 3 +>>> p.z = 4 +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +AttributeError: 'Point' object has no attribute 'z' +>>> + +- notation `|` et notation `>` + +:: + + class Test: + nombre = 1 + def __or__(self, other): + return self.nombre + other.nombre + + def __lshift__(self, other): + self.nombre = self.nombre + other.nombre + + t1 = Test() + t2 = Test() + t2.nombre = 2 + print t1 | t2 + t1 << t2 + print t1.nombre diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/stdlib.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/stdlib.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98a9b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/stdlib.txt @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +La :term:`librairie standard` +================================ + +les builtins +------------- + +.. module:: builtins + :synopsis: les fonctions directement à disposition sans import spécifique + +- le module :mod:`builtins`, tout ce qui est accessible directement + +>>> dir('__builtins__') +['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', +'__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', +'__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', +'__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', +'__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', +'__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', +'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', +'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', +'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', +'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', +'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', +'translate', 'upper', 'zfill'] +>>> + +- le module :mod:`subprocess`, appels systèmes + +.. module:: subprocess + :synopsis: exécuter une commande shell, récupérer le code retour et la sortie + +.. function:: subprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False)¶ + +>>> subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"]) +0 +>>> subprocess.call("exit 1", shell=True) +1 + +.. function:: subprocess.check_output(args, *, stdin=None, stderr=None, shell=False, universal_newlines=False)¶ + +>>> subprocess.check_output(["echo", "Hello World!"]) +'Hello World!\n' + +>>> subprocess.check_output("exit 1", shell=True) +Traceback (most recent call last): + ... +subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1 + +- le module :mod:`sys`, paramètres et fonctions systèmes + +.. module:: sys + :synopsis: paramètres et fonctions systèmes + +.. envvar:: sys.argv + + la ligne de commande + +.. function:: sys.exit() + + terminer un programme + +.. envvar:: sys.path + + ce qu'il y a dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` + +.. module:: optparse + :synopsis: parsing de la ligne de commande + +- le module :mod:`optparse` pour faire des outils ligne de commande + +module plus récent : argparse + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/cmdline.py + +- les modules de tests unitaires :mod:`unittest` et :mod:`doctests` + +.. module:: unittest + :synopsis: module de tests unitaires + +.. module:: doctest + :synopsis: module de tests unitaires basé sur les docstrings + +- le module :mod:`xml.etree` pour parser du xml + +:: + + tree = xml.parse("testFile.xml") + rootElement = tree.getroot() + bookList = rootElem.findall("Books") + if bookList != None: + for book in bookList: + #faire quelque chose avec les livres + +- le module :mod:`urllib` pour parser les urls et les manipuler (`urllib2`) + +.. module:: urllib + :synopsis: parse des urls + +.. function:: urllib.urlopen(url) + + lit une url distante + +.. module:: time + :synopsis: caculs de temps + +- :mod:`time` pour la manipulation de temps + +:: + + t1 = time.clock() + # Do Stuff Here + t2 = time.clock() + print t2 - t1 + +**now** + +:: + + import time + now = time.localtime(time.time()) + dateStr = time.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y, %I:%M %p", now) + print dateStr + +.. module:: getpass + :synopsis: recupération des mots de passe en ligne de commande + +- le module :mod:`getpass` pour gérer les motes de passe + +>>> import getpass +>>> p = getpass.getpass() +Password: +>>> p +'toto' +>>> + + +.. module:: shelve + :synopsis: linéarisation de données + +- linéarisation de données + +>>> import shelve +>>> shelve.open("database", 'c') +{} +>>> s = shelve.open("database", 'c') +>>> s +{} +>>> s["o"] = ('a', 'b', 'c') +>>> s.cl +s.clear s.close +>>> s.cl +s.clear s.close +>>> s.close() +>>> + + +.. module:: abc + :synopsis: les abstract base classes + +- le module :mod:`abc` pour faire des interfaces propres + +.. function:: abc.register(subclass) + + exemple + + :: + + from abc import ABCMeta + + class MyABC: + __metaclass__ = ABCMeta + + MyABC.register(tuple) + + assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC) + assert isinstance((), MyABC) + +.. module:: hotshot + :synopsis: benchmark + +- le module :mod:`hotshot` benchmark + +:: + + import hotshot + prof = hotshot.Profile('toto.txt') + prof.runcall(make_description) + prof.close() + + +- un exemple de librairie externe : :mod:`IPy` + +.. module:: IPy + :synopsis: traitement des ips en python < python 3.3 remplacé par ipadress + +:: + + sudo apt-get install python-ipy + +:: + + from IPy import IP + + try: + ipy = IP('{0}/{1}'.format(ip, mask), make_net=True) + except ValueError: + print "marche pas" + network = ipy.net() + broadcast = ipy.broadcast() + return broadcast, network diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/structures.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/structures.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f8238a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/structures.txt @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +Structures de contrôle et fonctions +==================================== + +- tests + +>>> if "a": +... print "a" +... +a +>>> if "": +... print "hell" +... +>>> a = 2 +>>> if a == 1: +... print "un" +... else: +... print "deux" +... +deux +>>> + +.. important:: les types de base ont tous une valeur booléenne + +- itérations + +>>> for i in range(10): +... print i +... +0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +>>> +>>> l = range(10) +>>> l +[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] + +- tant que + +>>> i = 10 +>>> while i != 0: +... print i +... i = i -1 +... +10 +9 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 +>>> + +fonctions +----------- + +>>> def blabla(x): +... """fonction qui printe""" +... print x +... +>>> + +il n'y a que des fonctions (et pas de procédures): + + +>>> def ma_func(x): +... "écrit quelque chose dans un fichier" +... +>>> ma_func("a") +>>> print ma_func("a") +None +>>> + +est équivalent à : + +>>> def ma_func(x): +... "écrit quelque chose dans un fichier" +... return None + +- arité d'une fonction: + + - paramètre non nommé + - paramètre nommé + +>>> def ma_fonction(*args, **kwargs): +... print "arguments : ", str(args) +... print "argumments nommés", str(kwargs) +... +>>> ma_fonction("toto", "titi", tutu=2, tata=3) +arguments : ('toto', 'titi') +argumments nommés {'tata': 3, 'tutu': 2} +>>> + +- signature d'une fonction : ça peut renvoyer n'importe quoi (tout ce qu'on veut) + +:term:`return` ou :term:`yield` ? + +.. glossary:: + + yield + permet de renvoyer le résultat d'une fonction en plusieurs étape + à l'aide d'un générateur + + return + résultat d'une fonction + +>>> def ma_fonction(): +... for i in range(10): +... yield i +... +>>> for i in ma_fonction(): +... print i +... +0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +>>> + +- espaces de nommage à l'intérieur d'une fonction : + +>>> def toto(x): +... print vars() +... +>>> toto("sdfsdf") +{'x': 'sdfsdf'} +>>> class A(object):pass +... +>>> a = A() +>>> a.a = "titi" +>>> a.b = "toto" +>>> vars(a) +{'a': 'titi', 'b': 'toto'} + +puisque tout est objet en python, ``vars(mon_objet)`` est équivalent à +``mon_objet.__dict__`` + + +- générateurs et compréhension de liste + +les compréhensions de listes permettent de générer de nouvelles listes + +exemple : + +>>> [ 2*i for i in range(10)] +[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18] +>>> + +>>> [x for x in range(10) if x>5] +[6, 7, 8, 9] +>>> + +>>> [(i, j) for i in range(2,5) for j in range (4,8)] +[(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7)] +>>> + +les expressions générateurs + +>>> expr = (2*i for i in range(10)) +>>> expr + at 0x7ff9efa77cd0> +>>> for e in expr: +... print e +... +0 +2 +4 +6 +8 +10 +12 +14 +16 +18 +>>> + +le polymorphisme paramétrique +----------------------------- + +polymorphisme exemple de contexte : +la fonction print + +>>> print 1 +1 +>>> print "1" +1 + +.. todo:: `print 1` et `print "1"` renvoient le même résultat. Pourquoi ? diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/testsunitaires.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/testsunitaires.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..061112f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/testsunitaires.txt @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Tests unitaires et pile d'appels +================================= + +Les tests automatiques sont un complément à la déclaration des types. + +que tester, quoi tester ? + +- que les composants interagissent bien entre eux +- que les unités (fonctions, objets...) réagissent bien à une entrée spécifique +- que le code se comporte de la manière attendue dans des environnements différents + (systèmes d'exploitation, etc...) + +les types de tests : + +- tests unitaires +- tests fonctionnels +- tests d'acceptation +- tests d'intégration + +Quel outil utiliser ? + +- la :doc:`stdlib` propose le module :mod:`unittest` et unittest2. + +.. module:: py.test + :synopsis: outil de test unitaires de la pylib + +- :mod:`py.test` est **le plus simple** (plus simple que unittest) + +http://pytest.org/latest/ + +:: + + def test_simple(): + "test si ma_fontion renvoie bien 3" + assert ma_fontion(2) == 3 + +- `py.test` utilise `assert` et `raises` +- `unittest` necessite de faire sytématiquement une classe, puis `assertEqual()` +- :mod:`doctest` est plus simple mais charge trop les docstrings + + +.. todo:: écrire un test unitaire avec `py.test` pour la fonction suivante + +- installer le paquet `python-pytest` + +- écrire un fichier avec une fonction dedans + +:: + + def double(x): + return x*2 + +- écrire un fichier commençant par `test_` qui teste les fonctions du fichier + +options utiles dans `py.test` +------------------------------ + +:: + + py.test --tb=no + py.test --tb=short + py.test -x (dernière erreur) + py.test -s (c'est comme nocapture en fait) + py.test -x --nocapture --pdb + py.test -xl --pdb + + py.test -k test_simple + +utiliser le module :mod:`pdb` + +.. module:: pdb + :synopsis: debugger de la lib standard + +:: + + import pdb + pdb.set_trace() + +depuis py.test : + +:: + + import pytest + def test_function(): + ... + pytest.set_trace() # invoke PDB debugger and tracing + + + +Remarquons que :mod:`pdb` utilise le module :mod:`cmd`, voir :ref:`cmdlabel` qu'on a déjà vu précedemment + +:: + + (Pdb) h + + Documented commands (type help ): + ======================================== + EOF bt cont enable jump pp run unt + a c continue exit l q s until + alias cl d h list quit step up + args clear debug help n r tbreak w + b commands disable ignore next restart u whatis + break condition down j p return unalias where + + Miscellaneous help topics: + ========================== + exec pdb + + Undocumented commands: + ====================== + retval rv + + (Pdb) + + +last but not least : + +utiliser pylint ou pychecker + +:: + + apt-get install pylint diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/type.txt b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/type.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33b9fad --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_sources/type.txt @@ -0,0 +1,662 @@ +.. default-role:: literal +.. default-domain: python + +Typage, types de base +====================== + +python est un langage dynamiquement typé. qu'est-ce que cela signifie ? + +- pas de déclaration des types (attention différent de l'inférence de types): les variables n'ont pas + de type fixé, ce qui signifie que le type est fixé au moment de l'affectation + (pendant le rutime). +- pas de déclaration des variables (une variable est créée au moyen de la première + affectation). + +.. todo:: créer une variable + +>>> a = 3 +>>> a +3 + +.. todo:: + +- ouvrir l'interpréteur python +- dans la console créer un objet de type integer, float, string, liste, dictionnaire +- vérifier les types à l'aide de la fonction +- vérifier que en python tout est objet +- type de base et types conteneurs +- types mutables et types immutables + +>>> a = 2 +>>> b = 3 +>>> b = 5 +>>> a +2 +>>> b +5 + +>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] +>>> p = [l, 'e'] +>>> p +[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 'e'] +>>> l = ['i', 'j'] +>>> p +[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 'e'] +>>> l +['i', 'j'] + +.. todo:: jouer avec les types + +- l'interpréteur python comme calculette, les opérations numériques + +>>> x = 1 +>>> y =2 +>>> x > y +False +>>> x == y +False +>>> x != y +True + +- l'interpréteur pour manipuler les strings + +>>> s = "bla bla" +'bla bla' +>>> s = 'bla bla' +'bla bla' +>>> s = " 'bli bli' " +>>> s +" 'bli bli' " +>>> s = """ sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf""" +>>> s +' sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf' +>>> +>>> s = "bla bla" +>>> m = "hu hu" +>>> s + m +'bla blahu hu' +>>> m * 3 +'hu huhu huhu hu' +>>> +>>> len(m) +5 +>>> +>>> m[3] +'h' +>>> m[3:5] +'hu' +>>> + +>>> s = "ssdfsdf {0} sdfsdfsdf {1}".format("blah", "blih") + +>>> s= 'a' +>>> dir(s) +['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill'] +>>> t = "abc" +>>> t.startswith("a") +True +>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c'] +>>> "-".join(l) +'a-b-c' +>>> + +.. todo:: lower(), upper(), strip(), title() + +.. todo: recherche et remplacement dans une string + +index(), find(), replace() + +- le module :mod:`regexp` + +.. module:: regexp + :synopsis: expression régulières + +>>> import re +>>> s = "sdf dfdfdf blah bla df" +>>> re.findall(r'\w*', s) +['sdf', '', 'dfdfdf', '', 'blah', '', 'bla', '', 'df', ''] +>>> re.findall(r'df*', s) +['df', 'df', 'df', 'df', 'df'] +>>> + +unicode +------------ + +En python 2.X : deux types : `str` et `unicode` (en python 3 ces types sont unifiés) + +on peut facilement tomber sur des erreurs unicode:: + + UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0: + ordinal not in range(128) + + +- l'encodage (unicode): + +on part d'un objet unicode : + +>>> u = u"éèà bla" +>>> u +u'\xe9\xe8\xe0 bla' + +on le transforme en string utf-8 : + +>>> u.encode("utf-8") +'\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa8\xc3\xa0 bla' +>>> print u.encode("utf-8") +éèà bla +>>> + +on peut partir d'une string en utf-8, puis:: + + + +manips importantes de traitement unicode (si on n'est pas en python 3) + +>>> u = u"ésdsfè" +>>> u +u'\xe9sdsf\xe8' +>>> print u +ésdsfè +>>> str(u) +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0: +ordinal not in range(128) +>>> u.encode("utf-8") +'\xc3\xa9sdsf\xc3\xa8' +>>> s = u.encode("utf-8") +>>> type(s) + +>>> + +Il faut utiliser ``.encode()``, et pas ``.decode()``:: + + if type(s) == unicode #types.UnicodeType: + bla bla + + if type(s) == str: + rien à faire + +manipulations diverses : + +- enlever les accents + +>>> import unicodedata +>>> s = u"un été même pas chaud" +>>> import unicodedata as U +>>> s2 = ''.join(U.normalize('NFD', x)[0] for x in s) +>>> s2 +u'un ete meme pas chaud' +>>> + +- enlever la ponctuation + +>>> import re +>>> import string +>>> rgx = re.compile('[%s]' % string.punctuation) +>>> string.punctuation +'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~' + + + +tuples, listes, dictionnaires +--------------------------------- + + +>>> t = (1,2,3) +>>> l = [1,2,3] +>>> d = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4} +>>> +>>> l = ['e','p','q','t'] +>>> l.pop() +'t' +>>> l +['e', 'p', 'q'] +>>> l +['e', 'p', 'q'] +>>> l.pop(1) +'p' +>>> l +['e', 'q'] +>>> +exercice +------------- + +écrire la string "1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9" programmatiquement + +>>> [str(i) for i in l] +['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] +>>> l2 = [] +>>> for i in l: +... l2.append(str(i)) +... +>>> l2 +['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] +>>> +>>> l = range(1,9) +>>> l2 = [str(i) for i in l] +>>> "-".join(l2) +'1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8' +>>> s= "-" +>>> l2.extend(range(20)) +>>> l2 +['1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] +>>> l + l2 +[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, '1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] +>>> l.extend(l2) +KeyboardInterrupt +>>> l = [] +>>> l = list() +>>> list + +>>> list() +[] +>>> list(range(2)) +[0, 1] +>>> tuple + +>>> t = (1,2,3) +>>> t +(1, 2, 3) +>>> list(t) +[1, 2, 3] +>>> t +(1, 2, 3) +>>> type(t) + +>>> + + +.. important:: utiliser get plutôt que l'accès par items lorsque l'on n'est pas sûr + +:: + + >>> d = {} + >>> d.get('toto') + >>> d['toto'] ='titi' + >>> d.get('toto') + 'titi' + >>> print d.get('toto') + titi + >>> print d.get('to') + None + >>> d['tot'] + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + KeyError: 'tot' + >>> + KeyboardInterrupt + >>> + +>>> x=dict(a=23,b=45,c=67,d=89) +>>> x +{'a': 23, 'c': 67, 'b': 45, 'd': 89} +>>> y=dict.fromkeys(range(4), 'ho') +>>> y +{0: 'ho', 1: 'ho', 2: 'ho', 3: 'ho'} + +# and a new method to fetch-and-remove an item, by key: + +>>> x.pop('c') +67 +>>> x +{'a': 23, 'b': 45, 'd': 89} +>>> x.pop('z') +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in ? +KeyError: 'z' +>>> x.pop('z', 55) +55 + +>>> for x in enumerate('ciao'): print x +... +(0, 'c') +(1, 'i') +(2, 'a') +(3, 'o') +>>> + + +.. module:: collections + :synopsis: autres types de données + +- le module :mod:`collections` : + +- `OrderedDict`, `defaultdict` + +remarques sur les tuples + +>>> 1, +(1,) +>>> (1,) +(1,) +>>> (1) +1 +>>> () +() +>>> tuple() +() +>>> value = 1, +>>> value +(1,) + +.. todo:: addition de listes, append, tranches, tri de listes + +:: + + def remove_duplicates(lst): + ... + + l = [4, 7, 30, "hello", 7, "world", 30, 7] + remove_duplicates(l) + assert l == [4, 7, 30, "hello", "world"] + +.. todo:: defaultdict, get (avec une valeur par défaut) + +- tri de liste personnalisé : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/sorter.py + +>>> 'a' in d +True +>>> t[1] +2 +>>> +>>> for i in l: +... print i +... +1 +2 +3 +>>> +>>> for i in d: +... print i +... +a +c +b +>>> +>>> for key, value in d.items(): +... print key, " : ", value +... +a : 2 +c : 4 +b : 3 +>>> + +.. todo:: l'interpréteur python pour l'introspection des objets + +en python, **pas besoin de déclaration de type**. Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ? + +>>> type(1) + +>>> +>>> dir(3) +['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__', +'__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', +'__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__', +'__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', +'__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', +'__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', +'__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', +'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', +'__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', +'__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', +'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real'] +>>> +>>> type(3) + +>>> + +- Le type set + +Set + + collection non ordonnées d'éléments uniques + + +- le type set immutable et le type set mutable. +- un ensemble peut être étendu ou bien seulement englobé + +:: + + Manipulations non supportées + + >>> e["a"] + Traceback (most recent call last): + TypeError: unsubscriptable object + >>> e.append("a") + Traceback (most recent call last): + AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'append' + +Création + +Ensemble vide : + +:: + + >>> e = set() + >>> e + Set([]) + >>> e = set("toto") + >>> e + Set(['t', 'o']) + >>> d = {"a":1,"b":2} + >>> f = set(d) + >>> f + Set(['a', 'b']) + +Appartenance et définition en extension + +:: + + Set(['a', 'b']) + >>> "a" in i + True + >>> len(h) + 4 + >>> for u in h: + ... print u + ... + a + b + t + o + >>> e.add("a") + >>> e + Set(['a']) + >>> for i in range(5): + ... e.add(i) + ... + >>> e + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1]) + Set(['a']) + >>> e.add("b", "c") + Traceback (most recent call last): + TypeError: add() takes exactly 2 arguments (3 given) + >>> for i in range(5): + ... e.add(i) + ... + >>> e + # Suppression : + >>> f = e.copy() + >>> f + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1]) + >>> f.remove(0) + +Opérations sur les ensembles + +:: + + >>> v = sets.Set() + + >>> e.issubset(f) + False + >>> f.issubset(e) + True + >>> e.issuperset(f) + True + >>> f < e + True + >>> f > e + False + >>> e + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.copy() + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.remove(3) + >>> e + Set(['a', 0, 2, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> 0 in e + True + >>> e.pop() + 'a' + >>> e + Set([0, 2, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.pop() + 0 + >>> e.discard(4) + >>> e + Set([2, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.discard("p") + >>> e + Set([2, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.discard(sets.Set("p")) + >>> e + Set([2, 1]) + >>> + >>> e -= f + >>> e + Set([]) + >>> f + Set(['a', 2, 3, 4, 1]) + >>> + >>> e.clear() + >>> e + Set([]) + >>> + # copy + >>> h == e + False + >>> h != e + True + >>> u = h.copy() + >>> u + Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o']) + +Opérations ensemblistes + +:: + + #Pas d'opération "+" : + >>> h = e + f + Traceback (most recent call last): + TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'Set' and 'Set' + #La réunion : + >>> g = e or f + >>> g + Set(['t', 'o']) + autre notation : + >>> h | e + Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o']) + >>> h & e + Set(['t', 'o']) + >>> + Le complémentaire : + >>> h = e ^ f + >>> h + Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o']) + La différence : + >>> i = h - e + >>> i + L'intersection, la réunion, le complémentaire : + >>> f + Set(['a', 2, 3, 4, 1]) + >>> f & e + Set(['a', 1, 2, 3, 4]) + >>> f | e + Set(['a', 1, 2, 3, 4, 0]) + >>> f ^ e + Set([0]) + +différence entre type et isinstance +------------------------------------ + +`type()` ne gère pas l'héritage alors que `isinstance()` si: + +>>> class MyClass(object): + def __init__(self): + pass +>>> a = MyClass() +>>> type(a) == MyClass +True +>>> type(a) == object +False +>>> isinstance(a, MyClass) +True +>>> isinstance(a, object) +True +>>> + +Dans la **PEP 8**, Guido demande explicitement d'utiliser isinstance et non type + +.. note:: + + citation : + + Object type comparisons should always use isinstance() instead + of comparing types directly. + + Yes: if isinstance(obj, int): + + No: if type(obj) is int: + + +inférence de type +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +.. todo:: coercion, typage dynamique, inférence de type + +exemple:: + + def addition_forte(x, y): + return int(x) + int(y) + + def addition_faible(x, y): + return x + y + +dans `addition_faible`, il n'y a pas de casting de type, on n'essaye pas +de transformer ça en un type donné, c'est-à-dire que si `x` et `y` sont +compatible, ça marche. Le typage est fort, on demande des types + + >>> addition_faible("1", 4) + TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects + + >>> addition_forte("1", 4) + TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects + + >>> addition_faible("a", "b") + 5 + +Remarquons que `addition_faible` renvoie forcément un type `int` tandis +que `addition_forte` peut renvoyer un autre type, ceci est dû au +polymorphisme paramétrique. + +.. todo:: en python un type et une classe, c'est la même chose + +.. todo:: "duck typing" en python + +- le typage + + - typage fort + + - statique : déclaration ou bien inférence (déduction) lisible dans le source + (exemple : java) + + - typage dynamique : une variable est typée en fonction de son contenu + + - typage faible : + + - une donnée n'aura pas spécialement de type : les nombres, les chaînes de + caractères, les booléens, etc. seront tous des scalaires et ne seront + différenciés que par leur valeur et par le contexte de leur utilisation diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/ajax-loader.gif b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/ajax-loader.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61faf8c Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/ajax-loader.gif differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/basic.css b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..607b5f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,648 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2018 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; 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+ +/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +body { + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 100%; + background-color: #11303d; + color: #000; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.document { + background-color: #1c4e63; +} + +div.documentwrapper { + float: left; + width: 100%; +} + +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 0 0 230px; +} + +div.body { + background-color: #ffffff; + color: #000000; + padding: 0 20px 30px 20px; +} + +div.footer { + color: #ffffff; + width: 100%; + padding: 9px 0 9px 0; + text-align: center; + font-size: 75%; +} + +div.footer a { + color: #ffffff; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.related { + background-color: #133f52; + line-height: 30px; + color: #ffffff; +} + +div.related a { + color: #ffffff; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + color: #ffffff; + font-size: 1.4em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 a { + color: #ffffff; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h4 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + color: #ffffff; + font-size: 1.3em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 5px 0 0 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p { + color: #ffffff; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p.topless { + margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + margin: 10px; + padding: 0; + color: #ffffff; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar a { + color: #98dbcc; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + + + +/* -- hyperlink styles ------------------------------------------------------ */ + +a { + color: #355f7c; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:visited { + color: #355f7c; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} + + + +/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body h1, +div.body h2, +div.body h3, +div.body h4, +div.body h5, +div.body h6 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + background-color: #f2f2f2; + font-weight: normal; + color: #20435c; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px; + padding: 3px 0 3px 10px; +} + +div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; } +div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; } +div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; } +div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; } +div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; } +div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; } + +a.headerlink { + color: #c60f0f; + font-size: 0.8em; + padding: 0 4px 0 4px; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a.headerlink:hover { + background-color: #c60f0f; + color: white; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + text-align: justify; + line-height: 130%; +} + +div.admonition p.admonition-title + p { + display: inline; +} + +div.admonition p { + margin-bottom: 5px; +} + +div.admonition pre { + margin-bottom: 5px; +} + +div.admonition ul, div.admonition ol { + margin-bottom: 5px; +} + +div.note { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +div.seealso { + background-color: #ffc; + border: 1px solid #ff6; +} + +div.topic { + background-color: #eee; +} + +div.warning { + background-color: #ffe4e4; + border: 1px solid #f66; +} + +p.admonition-title { + display: inline; +} + +p.admonition-title:after { + content: ":"; +} + +pre { + padding: 5px; + background-color: #eeffcc; + color: #333333; + line-height: 120%; + border: 1px solid #ac9; + border-left: none; + border-right: none; +} + +code { + background-color: #ecf0f3; + padding: 0 1px 0 1px; + font-size: 0.95em; +} + +th { + background-color: #ede; +} + +.warning code { + background: #efc2c2; +} + +.note code { + background: #d6d6d6; +} + +.viewcode-back { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + background-color: #f4debf; + border-top: 1px solid #ac9; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ac9; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + color: #efefef; + background-color: #1c4e63; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment-bright.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment-bright.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..15e27ed Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment-bright.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment-close.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment-close.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d91bcf Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment-close.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfbc0cb Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/comment.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/default.css b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/default.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7eb6dc --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/default.css @@ -0,0 +1,849 @@ +/** + * Sphinx Doc Design + */ + +body { + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 100%; +/* background-color: #11303d; */ + background-color: #222; + color: #000; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* :::: LAYOUT :::: */ + +div.document { + background-color: #000000 ; /* #1c4e63; */ +} + +div.documentwrapper { + float: left; + width: 100%; +} + +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 0 0 230px; +} + +div.body { + background-color: white; + padding: 0 20px 30px 20px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.footer { + color: #fff; + width: 100%; + padding: 9px 0 9px 0; + text-align: center; + font-size: 75%; +} + +div.footer a { + color: #fff; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.related { + background-color: #133f52; + color: #fff; + width: 100%; + line-height: 30px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +div.related a { + color: white; +} + +/* ::: TOC :::: */ +div.sphinxsidebar h3 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + color: white; + font-size: 1.4em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 a { + color: white; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h4 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + color: white; + font-size: 1.3em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 5px 0 0 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p { + color: white; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p.topless { + margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + margin: 10px; + padding: 0; + list-style: none; + color: white; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar a { + color: #98dbcc; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +/* :::: MODULE CLOUD :::: */ +div.modulecloud { + margin: -5px 10px 5px 10px; + padding: 10px; + line-height: 160%; + border: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #f2fbfd; +} + +div.modulecloud a { + padding: 0 5px 0 5px; +} + +/* :::: SEARCH :::: */ +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li div.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* :::: COMMON FORM STYLES :::: */ + +div.actions { + padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; + border-top: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + border-bottom: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #e0f6f4; +} + +form dl { + color: #333; +} + +form dt { + clear: both; + float: left; + min-width: 110px; + margin-right: 10px; + padding-top: 2px; +} + +input#homepage { + display: none; +} + +div.error { + margin: 5px 20px 0 0; + padding: 5px; + border: 1px solid #d00; + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* :::: INLINE COMMENTS :::: */ + +div.inlinecomments { + position: absolute; + right: 20px; +} + +div.inlinecomments a.bubble { + display: block; + float: right; + background-image: url(style/comment.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + width: 25px; + height: 25px; + text-align: center; + padding-top: 3px; + font-size: 0.9em; + line-height: 14px; + font-weight: bold; + color: black; +} + +div.inlinecomments a.bubble span { + display: none; +} + +div.inlinecomments a.emptybubble { + background-image: url(style/nocomment.png); +} + +div.inlinecomments a.bubble:hover { + background-image: url(style/hovercomment.png); + text-decoration: none; + color: #3ca0a4; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comments { + float: right; + margin: 25px 5px 0 0; + max-width: 50em; + min-width: 30em; + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; + background-color: #f2fbfd; + z-index: 150; +} + +div#comments { + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; + margin-top: 20px; +} + +div#comments div.nocomments { + padding: 10px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comments h3, +div#comments h3 { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + background-color: #2eabb0; + color: white; + border: none; + padding: 3px; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comments div.actions { + padding: 4px; + margin: 0; + border-top: none; +} + +div#comments div.comment { + margin: 10px; + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comment h4, +div.commentwindow div.comment h4, +div#comments div.comment h4 { + margin: 10px 0 0 0; + background-color: #2eabb0; + color: white; + border: none; + padding: 1px 4px 1px 4px; +} + +div#comments div.comment h4 { + margin: 0; +} + +div#comments div.comment h4 a { + color: #d5f4f4; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comment div.text, +div.commentwindow div.comment div.text, +div#comments div.comment div.text { + margin: -5px 0 -5px 0; + padding: 0 10px 0 10px; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comment div.meta, +div.commentwindow div.comment div.meta, +div#comments div.comment div.meta { + text-align: right; + padding: 2px 10px 2px 0; + font-size: 95%; + color: #538893; + border-top: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #e0f6f4; +} + +div.commentwindow { + position: absolute; + width: 500px; + border: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #f2fbfd; + display: none; + z-index: 130; +} + +div.commentwindow h3 { + margin: 0; + background-color: #2eabb0; + color: white; + border: none; + padding: 5px; + font-size: 1.5em; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.commentwindow div.actions { + margin: 10px -10px 0 -10px; + padding: 4px 10px 4px 10px; + color: #538893; +} + +div.commentwindow div.actions input { + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; + background-color: white; + color: #135355; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.commentwindow div.form { + padding: 0 10px 0 10px; +} + +div.commentwindow div.form input, +div.commentwindow div.form textarea { + border: 1px solid #3c9ea2; + background-color: white; + color: black; +} + +div.commentwindow div.error { + margin: 10px 5px 10px 5px; + background-color: #fbe5dc; + display: none; +} + +div.commentwindow div.form textarea { + width: 99%; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview { + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; + background-color: #70d0d4; + padding: 0 1px 1px 25px; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview h4 { + margin: 0 0 -5px -20px; + padding: 4px 0 0 4px; + color: white; + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview div.comment { + background-color: #f2fbfd; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview div.comment h4 { + margin: 10px 0 0 0!important; + padding: 1px 4px 1px 4px!important; + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +/* :::: SUGGEST CHANGES :::: */ +div#suggest-changes-box input, div#suggest-changes-box textarea { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + background-color: white; + color: black; +} + +div#suggest-changes-box textarea { + width: 99%; + height: 400px; +} + + +/* :::: PREVIEW :::: */ +div.preview { + background-image: url(style/preview.png); + padding: 0 20px 20px 20px; + margin-bottom: 30px; +} + + +/* :::: INDEX PAGE :::: */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* :::: INDEX STYLES :::: */ + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable dl, table.indextable dd { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +form.pfform { + margin: 10px 0 20px 0; +} + +/* :::: GLOBAL STYLES :::: */ + +.docwarning { + background-color: #ffe4e4; + padding: 10px; + margin: 0 -20px 0 -20px; + border-bottom: 1px solid #f66; +} + +p.subhead { + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 20px; +} + +a { + color: #355f7c; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.body h1, +div.body h2, +div.body h3, +div.body h4, +div.body h5, +div.body h6 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + background-color: #f2f2f2; + font-weight: normal; + color: #20435c; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px; + padding: 3px 0 3px 10px; +} + +div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; } +div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; } +div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; } +div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; } +div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; } +div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; } + +a.headerlink { + color: #c60f0f; + font-size: 0.8em; + padding: 0 4px 0 4px; + text-decoration: none; + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +a.headerlink:hover { + background-color: #c60f0f; + color: white; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li { + text-align: justify; + line-height: 130%; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +ul.fakelist { + list-style: none; + margin: 10px 0 10px 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +.field-list ul { + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +/* "Footnotes" heading */ +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* "Topics" */ + +div.topic { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 0 7px 0 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* Admonitions */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.admonition dl { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.admonition p { + display: inline; +} + +div.seealso { + background-color: #ffc; + border: 1px solid #ff6; +} + +div.warning { + background-color: #ffe4e4; + border: 1px solid #f66; +} + +div.note { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; + display: inline; +} + +p.admonition-title:after { + content: ":"; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +table.docutils { + border: 0; +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 0; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +table.footnote td, table.footnote th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; + clear: both; +} + +dd p { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.refcount { + color: #060; +} + +dt:target, +.highlight { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +pre { + padding: 5px; + background-color: #efc; + color: #333; + border: 1px solid #ac9; + border-left: none; + border-right: none; + overflow: auto; +} + +td.linenos pre { + padding: 5px 0px; + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + margin-left: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; +} + +tt { + background-color: #ecf0f3; + padding: 0 1px 0 1px; + font-size: 0.95em; +} + +tt.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +tt.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +tt.xref, a tt { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.footnote:target { background-color: #ffa } + +h1 tt, h2 tt, h3 tt, h4 tt, h5 tt, h6 tt { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +form.comment { + margin: 0; + padding: 10px 30px 10px 30px; + background-color: #eee; +} + +form.comment h3 { + background-color: #326591; + color: white; + margin: -10px -30px 10px -30px; + padding: 5px; + font-size: 1.4em; +} + +form.comment input, +form.comment textarea { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 2px; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 100%; +} + +form.comment input[type="text"] { + width: 240px; +} + +form.comment textarea { + width: 100%; + height: 200px; + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +div.math { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +img.logo { + border: 0; +} + +/* :::: PRINT :::: */ +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0; + width : 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + div#comments div.new-comment-box, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/doctools.js b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/doctools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c15c00 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for all documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2018 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + +/** + * make the code below compatible with browsers without + * an installed firebug like debugger +if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { + var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", + "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", + "profile", "profileEnd"]; + window.console = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) + window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; +} + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + return decodeURIComponent(x).replace(/\+/g, ' '); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className)) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var bbox = span.getBBox(); + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + var parentOfText = node.parentNode.parentNode; + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +var Documentation = { + + init : function() { + this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); + this.highlightSearchWords(); + this.initIndexTable(); + + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS : {}, + PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, + LOCALE : 'unknown', + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext : function(string) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return string; + return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; + }, + + ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; + return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; + }, + + addTranslations : function(catalog) { + for (var key in catalog.messages) + this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; + this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); + this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * add context elements like header anchor links + */ + addContextElements : function() { + $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). + appendTo(this); + }); + $('dt[id]').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). + appendTo(this); + }); + }, + + /** + * workaround a firefox stupidity + * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 + */ + fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { + if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) + window.setTimeout(function() { + document.location.href += ''; + }, 10); + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; + if (terms.length) { + var body = $('div.body'); + if (!body.length) { + body = $('body'); + } + window.setTimeout(function() { + $.each(terms, function() { + body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); + }); + }, 10); + $('') + .appendTo($('#searchbox')); + } + }, + + /** + * init the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initIndexTable : function() { + var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { + var src = $(this).attr('src'); + var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); + $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); + if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); + else + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); + }).css('display', ''); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { + togglers.click(); + } + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords : function() { + $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); + $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); + }, + + /** + * make the url absolute + */ + makeURL : function(relativeURL) { + return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + }, + + /** + * get the current relative url + */ + getCurrentURL : function() { + var path = document.location.pathname; + var parts = path.split(/\//); + $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { + if (this === '..') + parts.pop(); + }); + var url = parts.join('/'); + return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: function() { + $(document).keyup(function(event) { + var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; + // don't navigate when in search box or textarea + if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT') { + switch (event.keyCode) { + case 37: // left + var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); + if (prevHref) { + window.location.href = prevHref; + return false; + } + case 39: // right + var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); + if (nextHref) { + window.location.href = nextHref; + return false; + } + } + } + }); + } +}; + +// quick alias for translations +_ = Documentation.gettext; + +$(document).ready(function() { + Documentation.init(); +}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/down-pressed.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/down-pressed.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5756c8c Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/down-pressed.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/down.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/down.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b3bdad Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/down.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/file.png b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/jquery.js b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/jquery.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba171ca --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/_static/jquery.js @@ -0,0 +1,10253 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.2.1 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2017-09-03T00:14Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. + + +var arr = []; + +var document = window.document; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var concat = arr.concat; + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + + + + function DOMEval( code, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.2.1", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only + // Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP + rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g, + + // Matches dashed string for camelizing + rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g, + + // Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace() + fcamelCase = function( all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + src = target[ name ]; + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + + if ( copyIsArray ) { + copyIsArray = false; + clone = src && Array.isArray( src ) ? src : []; + + } else { + clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ? src : {}; + } + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isFunction: function( obj ) { + return jQuery.type( obj ) === "function"; + }, + + isWindow: function( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }, + + isNumeric: function( obj ) { + + // As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to + // strings and numbers (primitives or objects) + // that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662) + var type = jQuery.type( obj ); + return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) && + + // parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("") + // ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...") + // subtraction forces infinities to NaN + !isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) ); + }, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + + /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */ + // See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/6125 + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + type: function( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a global context + globalEval: function( code ) { + DOMEval( code ); + }, + + // Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) + camelCase: function( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only + trim: function( text ) { + return text == null ? + "" : + ( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" ); + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return concat.apply( [], ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any + // arguments. + proxy: function( fn, context ) { + var tmp, args, proxy; + + if ( typeof context === "string" ) { + tmp = fn[ context ]; + context = fn; + fn = tmp; + } + + // Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec + // this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined. + if ( !jQuery.isFunction( fn ) ) { + return undefined; + } + + // Simulated bind + args = slice.call( arguments, 2 ); + proxy = function() { + return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) ); + }; + + // Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed + proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++; + + return proxy; + }, + + now: Date.now, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), +function( i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); +} ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = jQuery.type( obj ); + + if ( type === "function" || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.3 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * http://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2016-08-08 + */ +(function( window ) { + +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + push_native = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[i] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier + identifier = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\xa0])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + whitespace + + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*" ), + + rattributeQuotes = new RegExp( "=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*?)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace + + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig" ), + funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) { + var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000; + // NaN means non-codepoint + // Support: Firefox<24 + // Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x" + return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ? + escaped : + high < 0 ? + // BMP codepoint + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + // Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair) + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + disabledAncestor = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && ("form" in elem || "label" in elem); + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + (arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + + if ( ( context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc ) !== document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && (match = rquickExpr.exec( selector )) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( (m = match[1]) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( (elem = context.getElementById( m )) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && (elem = newContext.getElementById( m )) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[2] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( (m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !compilerCache[ selector + " " ] && + (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector )) ) { + + if ( nodeType !== 1 ) { + newContext = context; + newSelector = selector; + + // qSA looks outside Element context, which is not what we want + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this workaround technique + // Support: IE <=8 + // Exclude object elements + } else if ( context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( (nid = context.getAttribute( "id" )) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", (nid = expando) ); + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[i] = "#" + nid + " " + toSelector( groups[i] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + } + + if ( newSelector ) { + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return (cache[ key + " " ] = value); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement("fieldset"); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch (e) { + return false; + } finally { + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split("|"), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[i] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( (cur = cur.nextSibling) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + disabledAncestor( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction(function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction(function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ (j = matchIndexes[i]) ] ) { + seed[j] = !(matches[j] = seed[j]); + } + } + }); + }); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + // documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist + // (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833) + var documentElement = elem && (elem.ownerDocument || elem).documentElement; + return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false; +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + if ( doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9-11, Edge + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + if ( preferredDoc !== document && + (subWindow = document.defaultView) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert(function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute("className"); + }); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment("") ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName("*").length; + }); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert(function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + }); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode("id"); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode("id"); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( (elem = elems[i++]) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode("id"); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( (support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll )) ) { + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert(function( el ) { + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll("[msallowcapture^='']").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push("~="); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll(":checked").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push(":checked"); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push(".#.+[+~]"); + } + }); + + assert(function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement("input"); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll(":disabled").length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll("*,:x"); + rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:"); + }); + } + + if ( (support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( (matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector) )) ) { + + assert(function( el ) { + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + }); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join("|") ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join("|") ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + )); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) === ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + (!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + if ( a === document || a.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, a) ) { + return -1; + } + if ( b === document || b.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, b) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + return a === document ? -1 : + b === document ? 1 : + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[i] === bp[i] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 : + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + // Set document vars if needed + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + // Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted + expr = expr.replace( rattributeQuotes, "='$1']" ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !compilerCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch (e) {} + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + // Set document vars if needed + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) !== document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + // Set document vars if needed + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + (val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return (sel + "").replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( (node = elem[i++]) ) { + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[1] = match[1].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[3] = ( match[3] || match[4] || match[5] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[2] === "~=" ) { + match[3] = " " + match[3] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[1] = match[1].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[1].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[3] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[0] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[4] = +( match[4] ? match[5] + (match[6] || 1) : 2 * ( match[3] === "even" || match[3] === "odd" ) ); + match[5] = +( ( match[7] + match[8] ) || match[3] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[3] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[0] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[6] && match[2]; + + if ( matchExpr["CHILD"].test( match[0] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[3] ) { + match[2] = match[4] || match[5] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + (excess = tokenize( unquoted, true )) && + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + (excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[0] = match[0].slice( 0, excess ); + match[2] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { return true; } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + (pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" )) && + classCache( className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && elem.getAttribute("class") || "" ); + }); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( (node = node[ dir ]) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + (outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {}); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + (diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + (outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {}); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + (diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + (outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {}); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction(function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[i] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[i] ); + } + }) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction(function( selector ) { + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction(function( seed, matches, context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) { + seed[i] = !(matches[i] = elem); + } + } + }) : + function( elem, context, xml ) { + input[0] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[0] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + }), + + "has": markFunction(function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + }), + + "contains": markFunction(function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + }), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test(lang || "") ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( (elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute("xml:lang") || elem.getAttribute("lang")) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( (elem = elem.parentNode) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + }), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && (!document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus()) && !!(elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return (nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked) || (nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos["empty"]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( (attr = elem.getAttribute("type")) == null || attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo(function() { + return [ 0 ]; + }), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + }), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + }), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + }) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos["nth"] = Expr.pseudos["eq"]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || (match = rcomma.exec( soFar )) ) { + if ( match ) { + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[0].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( (tokens = []) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( (match = rcombinators.exec( soFar )) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push({ + value: matched, + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[0].replace( rtrim, " " ) + }); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( (match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar )) && (!preFilters[ type ] || + (match = preFilters[ type ]( match ))) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push({ + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + }); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[i].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {}); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || (outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {}); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( (oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ]) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return (newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ]); + } else { + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( (newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml )) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[i]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[0]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[i], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction(function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, [] ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = temp[i]) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[i] ] = !(matcherIn[ postMap[i] ] = elem); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) ) { + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( (matcherIn[i] = elem) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) && + (temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[i]) > -1 ) { + + seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + }); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[0].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[" "], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + (checkContext = context).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( (matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[i].type ]) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator(elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[i].type ].apply( null, tokens[i].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[j].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens.slice( 0, i - 1 ).concat({ value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" }) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( (tokens = tokens.slice( j )) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]( "*", outermost ), + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + outermostContext = context === document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument !== document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( (matcher = elementMatchers[j++]) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( (elem = !matcher && elem) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( (matcher = setMatchers[j++]) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i]) ) { + setMatched[i] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[i] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( selector, matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( (selector = compiled.selector || selector) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[0] = match[0].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && (token = tokens[0]).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[1].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find["ID"]( token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape), context ) || [] )[0]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr["needsContext"].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[i]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ (type = token.type) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( (find = Expr.find[ type ]) ) { + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( (seed = find( + token.matches[0].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[0].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + )) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort( sortOrder ).join("") === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert(function( el ) { + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement("fieldset") ) & 1; +}); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert(function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#" ; +}) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + }); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert(function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +}) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + }); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert(function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute("disabled") == null; +}) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + (val = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + }); +} + +return Sizzle; + +})( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +}; +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +var risSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/; + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Simple selector that can be filtered directly, removing non-Elements + if ( risSimple.test( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); + } + + // Complex selector, compare the two sets, removing non-Elements + qualifier = jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements ); + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not && elem.nodeType === 1; + } ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( jQuery.isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( jQuery.isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "iframe" ) ) { + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && jQuery.type( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && jQuery.isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && jQuery.isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = jQuery.isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && jQuery.isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( jQuery.isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + jQuery.isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + jQuery.isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + jQuery.isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the master Deferred + master = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + master.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( master.state() === "pending" || + jQuery.isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return master.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), master.reject ); + } + + return master.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( jQuery.type( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ jQuery.camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ jQuery.camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ jQuery.camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( jQuery.camelCase ); + } else { + key = jQuery.camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = jQuery.camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback, args ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.apply( elem, args || [] ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, + scale = 1, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + do { + + // If previous iteration zeroed out, double until we get *something*. + // Use string for doubling so we don't accidentally see scale as unchanged below + scale = scale || ".5"; + + // Adjust and apply + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Update scale, tolerating zero or NaN from tween.cur() + // Break the loop if scale is unchanged or perfect, or if we've just had enough. + } while ( + scale !== ( scale = currentValue() / initial ) && scale !== 1 && --maxIterations + ); + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]+)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + option: [ 1, "" ], + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, contains, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( jQuery.type( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + contains = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( contains ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; +} )(); +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + +var + rkeyEvent = /^key/, + rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/, + rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// See #13393 for more info +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Don't attach events to noData or text/comment nodes (but allow plain objects) + if ( !elemData ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = {}; + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + var event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ); + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + handlers = ( dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // Triggered event must either 1) have no namespace, or 2) have namespace(s) + // a subset or equal to those in the bound event (both can have no namespace). + if ( !event.rnamespace || event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: jQuery.isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + focus: { + + // Fire native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + trigger: function() { + if ( this !== safeActiveElement() && this.focus ) { + this.focus(); + return false; + } + }, + delegateType: "focusin" + }, + blur: { + trigger: function() { + if ( this === safeActiveElement() && this.blur ) { + this.blur(); + return false; + } + }, + delegateType: "focusout" + }, + click: { + + // For checkbox, fire native event so checked state will be right + trigger: function() { + if ( this.type === "checkbox" && this.click && nodeName( this, "input" ) ) { + this.click(); + return false; + } + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, don't fire native .click() on links + _default: function( event ) { + return nodeName( event.target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || jQuery.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + + which: function( event ) { + var button = event.button; + + // Add which for key events + if ( event.which == null && rkeyEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + return event.charCode != null ? event.charCode : event.keyCode; + } + + // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right + if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + if ( button & 1 ) { + return 1; + } + + if ( button & 2 ) { + return 3; + } + + if ( button & 4 ) { + return 2; + } + + return 0; + } + + return event.which; + } +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + // See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/3229 + rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[^>]*)\/>/gi, + + /* eslint-enable */ + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( ">tbody", elem )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + var match = rscriptTypeMasked.exec( elem.type ); + + if ( match ) { + elem.type = match[ 1 ]; + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, pdataCur, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.access( src ); + pdataCur = dataPriv.set( dest, pdataOld ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + delete pdataCur.handle; + pdataCur.events = {}; + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = concat.apply( [], args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( isFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( isFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && jQuery.contains( node.ownerDocument, node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1>" ); + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rmargin = ( /^margin/ ); + +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + div.style.cssText = + "box-sizing:border-box;" + + "position:relative;display:block;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "top:1%;width:50%"; + div.innerHTML = ""; + documentElement.appendChild( container ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = divStyle.marginLeft === "2px"; + boxSizingReliableVal = divStyle.width === "4px"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.marginRight = "50%"; + pixelMarginRightVal = divStyle.marginRight === "4px"; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, pixelMarginRightVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + container.style.cssText = "border:0;width:8px;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px;" + + "padding:0;margin-top:1px;position:absolute"; + container.appendChild( div ); + + jQuery.extend( support, { + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelMarginRight: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelMarginRightVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelMarginRight() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rmargin.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }, + + cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style; + +// Return a css property mapped to a potentially vendor prefixed property +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Shortcut for names that are not vendor prefixed + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a property mapped along what jQuery.cssProps suggests or to +// a vendor prefixed property. +function finalPropName( name ) { + var ret = jQuery.cssProps[ name ]; + if ( !ret ) { + ret = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; + } + return ret; +} + +function setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function augmentWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra, isBorderBox, styles ) { + var i, + val = 0; + + // If we already have the right measurement, avoid augmentation + if ( extra === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + i = 4; + + // Otherwise initialize for horizontal or vertical properties + } else { + i = name === "width" ? 1 : 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin, so add it if we want it + if ( extra === "margin" ) { + val += jQuery.css( elem, extra + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + if ( isBorderBox ) { + + // border-box includes padding, so remove it if we want content + if ( extra === "content" ) { + val -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // At this point, extra isn't border nor margin, so remove border + if ( extra !== "margin" ) { + val -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } else { + + // At this point, extra isn't content, so add padding + val += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // At this point, extra isn't content nor padding, so add border + if ( extra !== "padding" ) { + val += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + return val; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var valueIsBorderBox, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ), + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Computed unit is not pixels. Stop here and return. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + return val; + } + + // Check for style in case a browser which returns unreliable values + // for getComputedStyle silently falls back to the reliable elem.style + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox && + ( support.boxSizingReliable() || val === elem.style[ name ] ); + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/Height when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + if ( val === "auto" ) { + val = elem[ "offset" + name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ) ]; + } + + // Normalize "", auto, and prepare for extra + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Use the active box-sizing model to add/subtract irrelevant styles + return ( val + + augmentWidthOrHeight( + elem, + name, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: { + "float": "cssFloat" + }, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + if ( type === "number" ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( i, name ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = extra && getStyles( elem ), + subtract = extra && augmentWidthOrHeight( + elem, + name, + extra, + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + styles + ); + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ name ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, name ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( !rmargin.test( prefix ) ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( tween.elem.style[ jQuery.cssProps[ tween.prop ] ] != null || + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = jQuery.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = jQuery.camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + jQuery.proxy( result.stop, result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + jQuery.isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !jQuery.isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue && type !== false ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = jQuery.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/infrastructure.html#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( typeof value === "string" && value ) { + classes = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + if ( typeof value === "string" && value ) { + classes = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value; + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && type === "string" ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( type === "string" ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, isFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( isFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && jQuery.isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + elem[ type ](); + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery.each( ( "blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick " + + "mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " + + "change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu" ).split( " " ), + function( i, name ) { + + // Handle event binding + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) { + return arguments.length > 0 ? + this.on( name, null, data, fn ) : + this.trigger( name ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) { + return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver ); + } +} ); + + + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = jQuery.now(); + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) { + xml = undefined; + } + + if ( !xml || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && jQuery.type( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = jQuery.isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ) + .filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ) + .map( function( i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( jQuery.isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] = match[ 2 ]; + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match; + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available, append data to url + if ( s.data ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce++ ) + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( jQuery.isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + "throws": true + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( isFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain requests + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Définir et manipuler des classes

+
+
objet
+
Un object est une entité possédant un type, un état, et un comportement. +Un object correspondant généralement à une entité du monde réel, mais +cette entité peut être abstraite. +On parle aussi d”instance.
+
+

état d’un objet : ensemble de propriétés auxquelles sont associées des +valeurs.

+

Les variables de l’objet sont appelées des attributs. +le comportement d’un objet :

+
    +
  • des actions effectuées sur l’objet
  • +
  • des appels faits sur l’objet
  • +
+

envois de messages à l’objet = appel de méthodes

+
+

programmation objet (première approche)

+
    +
  • le type et le protocole d’un objet sont définis par sa classe
  • +
  • une classe possède un ensemble d’attributs et de méthodes
  • +
+
+

deux relations possibles

+
+
heritage
+
relation « est une espèce de  » utilisée entre une classe et une autre classe
+
instantiation
+
relation « est une instance de  » entre un objet et une classe
+
+
    +
  • est une instance de (objets par rapport à classe)
  • +
  • est une espèce de (classe par rapport à classe, heritage)
  • +
+

instance

+
    +
  • définition d’une classe
  • +
  • instance de classe : on peut créer des objets à partir d’un type « classe » +(une classe est instanciable)
  • +
+
>>> class A:
+...   pass
+...
+>>> a = A()
+
+
+

heritage : notation en python

+
>>> class A: pass
+...
+>>> class B(A): pass
+...
+>>> b = B()
+>>> type(b) == B
+>>> isinstance(b, A) == True
+
+
+

possibilité en python d’héritage multiple:

+
class A(B, C): pass
+
+
+
+
+
+

attribut d’objets et de classes

+
>>> o = object()
+>>> o
+<object object at 0x7f77c9cda0d0>
+>>> class C(object): pass
+...
+>>> class C: pass
+...
+>>> c = C()
+>>> c.a = 3
+>>> c.a
+3
+>>> vars(c)
+{'a': 3}
+>>> c.__dict__
+{'a': 3}
+>>> C.__dict__
+{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}
+>>> C.c = 5
+>>> C.__dict__
+{'c': 5, '__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}
+>>> c.c
+5
+>>> c.z = 3
+>>> c.z
+3
+>>> c.__dict__
+{'a': 3, 'z': 3}
+>>> C.__dict__
+{'c': 5, '__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None}
+>>> class MaKlass:
+...   def unefonction(self, x):
+...     print x
+...
+>>> MaKlass.__dict__
+{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'unefonction': <function unefonction at 0x7f77c5b0c488>}
+>>> k = MaKlass()
+>>> k.__dict__
+{}
+>>> def autrefonc(self, x)
+  File "<stdin>", line 1
+    def autrefonc(self, x)
+                         ^
+SyntaxError: invalid syntax
+>>> def autrefonc(self, x):
+...   print x
+...
+>>> k.autrefonc = autrefonc
+>>> k.__dict__
+{'autrefonc': <function autrefonc at 0x7f77c5b0c500>}
+>>> MaKlass.__dict__
+{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'unefonction': <function unefonction at 0x7f77c5b0c488>}
+>>> MaKlass.unefonction(k, "toto")
+toto
+>>> k.unefonction("toto")
+toto
+>>> k.__dict__
+{'autrefonc': <function autrefonc at 0x7f77c5b0c500>}
+>>> MaKlass.toto = "test"
+>>> k.__dict__
+{'autrefonc': <function autrefonc at 0x7f77c5b0c500>}
+>>> k.toto
+'test'
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

le __dict__ avec l’héritage de classe

+
>>> class A(object): pass
+...
+>>> A.__dict__
+dict_proxy({'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'A' objects>, '__module__': '__main__', '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'A' objects>, '__doc__': None})
+>>> class B(A):
+...   b = 3
+...
+>>> class C(B):
+...   c = 2
+...
+>>> c = C()
+>>> o = C()
+>>> o.__dict__
+{}
+>>> o.c
+2
+>>> o.b
+3
+>>> o.__class__
+<class '__main__.C'>
+>>> o.__class__.__dict__
+dict_proxy({'__module__': '__main__', 'c': 2, '__doc__': None})
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

method resolution object

+
>>> class A(object): pass
+...
+>>> A.__mro__
+(<class '__main__.A'>, <type 'object'>)
+>>> class B(A): pass
+...
+>>> B.__mro__
+(<class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <type 'object'>)
+>>> class C(A, B): pass
+...
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases
+    Cannot create a consistent method resolution
+order (MRO) for bases A, B
+>>>
+
+
+
+

introspection contre encapsulation

+

voir un objet comme un espace de nommage. C’est plus agile.

+

attributs et méthodes vus comme des ajouts dans l’espace de nommage

+
>>> a.a = 2
+>>> def function(x):
+...   print x
+...
+>>> a.f = function
+>>> a.f("hello")
+hello
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

la nécessité d’un design objet

+

affichage d’une calculette, il faut créer un type Touche +qui contient deux désignations : Chiffre et operation:

+
type operation = Plus | Moins | Divise
+type touche = Chiffre of int | Memoire | Op of operation
+
+
+

soit, on définit un type touche, soit on ne définit pas ce type:

+
type operation = Plus | Moins | Divise
+type memoire = Memoire
+type chiffre = Chiffre
+
+
+
    +
  • les structures de données (int, str, list, dict…) : types de base
  • +
  • les structures de données utilisateur : les classes !
  • +
+
+
+type(objname)
+
+++ + + + +
Paramètres:objname – l’objet dont on veut connaître le type
+
+ +
+
+
+

Manipulations sur les classes et les objets

+

En python un type et une classe c’est la même chose. Une classe +est un type standard. En python tout est objet, et tout provient d’un seul objet +(qui s’appelle object).

+
    +
  • encapsulation (cacher les attributs (variables d’état)) d’un objet.
  • +
  • interfaces : chaque aspect d’une classe peut être vu comme une interface.
  • +
+

Une interface décrit un ensemble de comportements. +on peut considérer une interface comme un protocole d’utilisation d’un objet +dans un contexte donné.

+

on peut alors créer des outils qui sauront traiter n’importe quel objet +pourvu qu’il respecte une ensemble d’interfaces.

+
+

À faire

+

travailler l’héritage, l’aggrégation, la délégation

+
+

Voici un exemple de classe Voiture :

+
class Voiture(Prix, Turbo):
+    def __init__(self, constructeur, vitesse_max=160):
+        self.constructeur = constructeur
+        self.vitesse_max = vitesse_max
+
+    def roule(self):
+        return "vroummm"
+
+    def signaletique(self):
+        return "constructeur : {0}, vitesse_max {1}".format(self.constructeur,
+            self.vitesse_max)
+
+
+

j’instancie ma classe Voiture :

+
>>> ma_voiture = Voiture("ma_marque", "150km/h")
+>>> ma_voiture.roule()
+'vroummm'
+>>> ma_voiture.signaletique()
+'constructeur : ma_marque, vitesse_max 150km/h'
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

faire des traitements dans l’init

+
+
    +
  • héritage (est une sorte de)
  • +
  • polymorphisme : un objet apparait comme une instance d’une classe parente
  • +
+
class Turbo(object):
+    def turbo(self):
+        return "VRRRRROUUUMMM"
+
+
+
>>> v = DoDoche("marque", 160)
+>>> v.get_prix()
+'7000'
+>>> isinstance(v, Prix)
+True
+>>>
+
+
+

mais l’objet conserve son identité :

+
>>> type(v)
+<type 'Voiture'>
+
+
+

la fonction achete_voiture() sera appelée indépendamment du type de l’objet, +du moment que l’objet a une méthode get_prix(), c’est le duck typing, qu’il +est préférable de ramener au polymorphisme d’objet, ou bien utiliser les abc +(abstract base classes).

+
def achete_voiture(voiture):
+    if not hasattr(voiture, "get_prix"):
+        raise TypeError("pas le bon type")
+    return "prix de la voiture: {0} euros".format(voiture.get_prix())
+
+
+

tout le code :

+
class Turbo(object):
+    def turbo(self):
+        return "VRRRRROUUUMMM"
+
+class Prix(object):
+    def get_prix(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+class Voiture(Prix, Turbo):
+    def __init__(self, constructeur, vitesse_max=160):
+        self.constructeur = constructeur
+        self.vitesse_max = vitesse_max
+
+    def roule(self):
+        return "vroummm"
+
+    def signaletique(self):
+        return "constructeur : {0}, vitesse_max {1}".format(self.constructeur,
+            self.vitesse_max)
+
+class DoDoche(Voiture):
+    def get_prix(self):
+        return "4000"
+
+def achete_voiture(voiture):
+    if not hasattr(voiture, "get_prix"):
+        raise TypeError("pas le bon type")
+    return "prix de la voiture: {0} euros".format(voiture.get_prix())
+
+
+

télécharger le code

+
    +
  • l’aggrégation
  • +
+

un attribut est lui-même un objet (ce qui est fréquent en python)…

+
class A:
+    pass
+
+class B:
+    pass
+
+a = A()
+a.b = B()
+
+
+
    +
  • la délégation
  • +
+

la fonction « property » est un élément du design de python lui-même

+
+
+property()
+
+ +
+
+

les patrons de conception

+
    +
  • le patron factory
  • +
+
class NotFoundError(Exception): 
+    pass
+
+class MaClasse:
+    pass
+
+class MaClasseDeux:
+    pass
+    
+binding = dict(un=MaClasse, deux=MaClasseDeux)
+
+def ma_factory(key):
+    if key in binding:
+        return binding[key]()
+    else:
+        return NotFoundError("keskece?")
+        
+        
+
+
+

télécharger usine (factory)

+
    +
  • le patron wrapper
  • +
+

télécharger wrapper

+
class Wrap(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, wrap):
+        self.slots = ('_name', '_w')
+        self._name = name or "wrapped_element"
+        self._w = wrap
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name in self.slots:
+            return getattr(self, name)
+        else:
+            return getattr(self._w, name)
+
+#    def get_w(self, name):
+#        return getattr(self._w, name)
+
+#    def set_w(self, name, value):
+#        return setattr(self._w, name, value)
+
+#    _w = property (get_w, set_w)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "[W_Element %s]"% repr(self._name)
+
+
+

exemple d’utilisation de Wrap()

+
>>> class O:
+...   pass
+...
+>>> o = O()
+>>> o.a = "blah"
+>>>
+>>> from wrap import Wrap
+>>> w = Wrap("monwrap", o)
+>>> w._name
+'monwrap'
+>>> w._w
+<__main__.O instance at 0x7fbf177aaa28>
+>>> w._w.a
+'blah'
+>>> w.a
+'blah'
+>>> w.u
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+  File "wrap.py", line 11, in __getattr__
+    return getattr(self._w, name)
+AttributeError: O instance has no attribute 'u'
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • le patron de conception itérable
  • +
+

télécharger iterable

+
liste = ['blah', 'blih', 'bluh']
+iterateur = liste.__iter__()
+print iterateur.next()
+print iterateur.next()
+print iterateur.next()
+print iterateur.next()
+#Traceback (most recent call last):
+#  File '<stdin>', line 1, in <module>;
+#StopIteration
+
+class Iterateur:
+    i = 0
+    def next(self):
+            if self.i <= 10: raise StopIteration
+            self.i += 1
+            return 2**self.i
+    def __iter__(self): return self
+
+iterateur = Iterateur()
+for i in iterateur: print i
+
+
+
    +
  • le patron decorateur
  • +
+

télécharger decorateur

+
def helloworld(ob):
+    print "Hello world"
+    return ob
+
+@helloworld
+def myfunc():
+    print "my function"
+
+myfunc()
+print myfunc
+
+
+
>>> def deco(func):
+...    func.attr = 'decorated'
+...    return func
+...
+>>> @deco
+... def f(): pass
+...
+>>> f.attr
+'decorated'
+>>>
+
+
+

autre exemple : les méthodes statiques

+
>>> class A(object):
+...   @staticmethod
+...   def my_class_method(cls):
+...      # do stuff here
+
+
+
+
+

métaclasses

+
>>> class A:
+...   pass
+...
+>>> type(A)
+<type 'classobj'>
+>>> class B(object): pass
+...
+>>> type(B)
+<type 'type'>
+>>> help(type)
+
+
+
>>> C = type('C', (), {})
+>>> C
+<class '__main__.C'>
+>>>
+
+
+
>>> type(object)
+<type 'type'>
+>>> type(type)
+<type 'type'>
+>>> isinstance(type, object)
+True
+>>> isinstance(object, type)
+True
+>>>
+
+
+
class MaMetaClasse(type):
+  """Exemple d'une métaclasse."""
+  def __new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict):
+      """Création de notre classe."""
+      print("On crée la classe {}".format(nom))
+      return type.__new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict)
+
+class MaClasse(object):
+  __metaclass__ = MaMetaClasse
+
+
+

exemple : forcer l’implémentation d’un singleton avec les métaclasses

+
class Singleton(type):
+  instance = None
+  def __call__(cls, *args, **kw):
+      if not cls.instance:
+           cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw)
+      return cls.instance
+
+class ASingleton(object):
+  __metaclass__ = Singleton
+
+  a = ASingleton()
+  b = ASingleton()
+  assert a is b
+  print(a.__class__.__name__, b.__class__.__name__)
+
+  class BSingleton(object):
+      __metaclass__ = Singleton
+
+  c = BSingleton()
+  d = BSingleton()
+  assert c is d
+  print(c.__class__.__name__, d.__class__.__name__)
+  assert c is not a
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/docutils.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/docutils.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03a8a1c --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/docutils.html @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ + + + + + + + Sphinx et docutils — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Sphinx et docutils

+
+

Docutils

+

Il y a des librairies de bas niveau qui permettent de générer de l’odt, je pense à pyUNO, ou bien ezodf

+

A l’opposé, il y a des librairies de très haut niveau intégré à des chaînes de documentation avec des sources en xml, des modèles documentaires, des chartes graphiques, etc. Par exemple, scenari

+

Un juste milieu est la très intéressante librairie docutils :

+

Il s’agit d’une libairie python très utilisée dans le monde python (par exemple, la documentation officielle python est rédigée en syntaxe docutils).

+

C’est une syntaxe wiki assez puissante, un sur-ensemble de la très connue syntaxe markdown.

+

Pour l’installer:

+
apt-get install python-docutils
+
+
+

Il y a plusieurs utilitaires : rst2html, rst2*, l’utilitaire que je te conseille est : rst2odt.

+

Pour l’usage de rst2odt c’est simple, on part d’un fichier texte formaté en restructured text:

+
rst2odt fichier.txt > fichier.odt
+
+
+

Et voilà simple, pratique, efficace.

+

C’est l’outil que nous utilisons en priorité. Voici un exemple d’usage avancé avec l’utilisation d’un modèle:

+
rst2odt --create-links --file-insertion-enabled --raw-enabled --endnotes-end-doc \
+        --stylesheet=styles/styles.odt --custom-odt-footer="XXXREMPLACEHEADERXXX" \
+        DossierCommercial.rst > DossierCommercial.odt
+
+
+
+
+

La documentation technique

+

L’outil sphinx

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/exceptions.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/exceptions.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c544e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/exceptions.html @@ -0,0 +1,343 @@ + + + + + + + Le style de programmation par exceptions — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Le style de programmation par exceptions

+
+
Exception
+
Les exceptions permettent de récupérer des situations où le calcul ne peut pas se poursuivre. +Dans ces cas, un récupérateur d’exceptions permet de continuer le calcul +sachant qu’une des branches a échoué.
+
+

Exemple d”exception

+
>>> assert 2 == 1
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+AssertionError
+
+
+
+

La règle du samouraï

+
+

Important

+

règle du Samouraï : une fonction doit renvoyer le résultat escompté +ou bien lever une exception

+
+
>>> def function_raise(x):
+...   if not type(x) == int:
+...     raise TypeError("Pas le bon type")
+...   else:
+...     return x + 1
+...
+>>> try:
+...   e = function_raise("une string")
+... except TypeError, e:
+...   print e
+...
+Pas le bon type
+>>
+
+
+
    +
  • la fonction doit renvoyer des valeurs du même type (ou bien None)
  • +
  • la fonction doit lever une exception appropriée
  • +
+
+
+

utiliser la pile d’appel pour débugger

+

Utiliser la pile d’appels, elle se lit de bas en haut. Il est possible de +provoquer cette pile d’appels.

+
import traceback
+traceback.print_exc()
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

s’exercer à lire une pile d’appels un peu complexe.

+
+

Traiter une exception avec

+
try:
+    ...
+except:
+    import traceback
+    traceback.print_exc()
+
+else:
+    bla bla
+finally:
+    bla bla
+
+
+
+

Attention

+

ne jamais briser la pile d’appels sans savoir précisément +ce que l’on fait, et remonter une autre exception

+
+

Exemple :

+
>>> def function(x):
+...   if x == 1: raise TypeError("pas le bon type")
+...   else: return "ok"
+...
+>>> def function2(x):
+...   try:
+...     return "c'est " + function(x)
+...   except TypeError, e:
+...     raise AssertionError("on a une autre exception là")
+...
+>>> try:
+...   function2(1)
+... except Exception, e:
+...   print e
+...
+on a une autre exception là
+>>>
+
+
+

Le raise (ou le re-raise) est souvent utilisé pour lever une exception métier +et cacher une exception système de bas niveau.

+

exemple:

+
try:
+  add_s(dn, listdata)
+except ldap.LDAPError, err:
+  raise MyOwnError(msg + str(err))
+except Exception:
+  pass
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

dans quel cas entrons-nous dans le else ? dans le finally ?

+
+
+

À faire

+

créer des exceptions métier

+
+

exemple d’exceptions dans la vraie vie:

+
"user defined exceptions"
+
+
+# Exceptions for an Option
+class PropertiesOptionError(AttributeError):
+    "attempt to access to an option with a property that is not allowed"
+    def __init__(self, msg, proptype):
+        self.proptype = proptype
+        super(PropertiesOptionError, self).__init__(msg)
+
+
+#____________________________________________________________
+# Exceptions for a Config
+class ConfigError(Exception):
+    """attempt to change an option's owner without a value
+    or in case of `_cfgimpl_descr` is None
+    or if a calculation cannot be carried out"""
+    pass
+
+
+class ContextError(Exception):
+    """context needed but not given
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class ConflictError(Exception):
+    "duplicate options are present in a single config"
+    pass
+
+
+#____________________________________________________________
+# miscellaneous exceptions
+class RequirementError(Exception):
+    """a recursive loop occurs in the requirements tree
+    requires
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class SlaveError(Exception):
+    "problem with a slave's value length"
+    pass
+
+
+class ConstError(TypeError):
+    "no uniq value in _NameSpace"
+    pass
+
+
+

Créer le plus possible ses propres exceptions spécifiques au programme +La programmation par exception peut vite devenir un style de programmation +très utilisé. C’est assez agréable mais le réserver pour la gestion d’une situation +particulière, que ça reste une intervention pour les cas non gérés par le programme +(en général).

+
+
+

Les exceptions imbriquées

+
>>> try:
+...   ma_func()
+... except TypeError, e:
+...   do_something()
+... except Exception, e:
+...   do_somethin_else()
+...
+
+
+

Exemple de programme utilisant massivement la programmation par exceptions : +tiramisu

+
+
+

La hiérarchie des exceptions

+

Extrait de la documentation officielle:

+
BaseException
+ +-- SystemExit
+ +-- KeyboardInterrupt
+ +-- GeneratorExit
+ +-- Exception
+      +-- StopIteration
+      +-- StandardError
+      |    +-- BufferError
+      |    +-- ArithmeticError
+      |    |    +-- FloatingPointError
+      |    |    +-- OverflowError
+      |    |    +-- ZeroDivisionError
+      |    +-- AssertionError
+      |    +-- AttributeError
+      |    +-- EnvironmentError
+      |    |    +-- IOError
+      |    |    +-- OSError
+      |    |         +-- WindowsError (Windows)
+      |    |         +-- VMSError (VMS)
+      |    +-- EOFError
+      |    +-- ImportError
+      |    +-- LookupError
+      |    |    +-- IndexError
+      |    |    +-- KeyError
+      |    +-- MemoryError
+      |    +-- NameError
+      |    |    +-- UnboundLocalError
+      |    +-- ReferenceError
+      |    +-- RuntimeError
+      |    |    +-- NotImplementedError
+      |    +-- SyntaxError
+      |    |    +-- IndentationError
+      |    |         +-- TabError
+      |    +-- SystemError
+      |    +-- TypeError
+      |    +-- ValueError
+      |         +-- UnicodeError
+      |              +-- UnicodeDecodeError
+      |              +-- UnicodeEncodeError
+      |              +-- UnicodeTranslateError
+      +-- Warning
+           +-- DeprecationWarning
+           +-- PendingDeprecationWarning
+           +-- RuntimeWarning
+           +-- SyntaxWarning
+           +-- UserWarning
+           +-- FutureWarning
+     +-- ImportWarning
+     +-- UnicodeWarning
+     +-- BytesWarning
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/exercices.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/exercices.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33662f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/exercices.html @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + + + + + Liste des exercices — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Liste des exercices

+

Voici la liste des liens vers les différents exercices de la formation.

+
+

À faire

+

travailler l’héritage, l’aggrégation, la délégation

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/classes.txt, à la ligne 250)

+
+

À faire

+

faire des traitements dans l’init

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/classes.txt, à la ligne 265)

+
+

À faire

+

s’exercer à lire une pile d’appels un peu complexe.

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/exceptions.txt, à la ligne 60)

+
+

À faire

+

dans quel cas entrons-nous dans le else ? dans le finally ?

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/exceptions.txt, à la ligne 114)

+
+

À faire

+

créer des exceptions métier

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/exceptions.txt, à la ligne 116)

+
+

À faire

+

faire un petit projet d’interpréteur ligne de commande du jeu C+/C-

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/prompt.txt, à la ligne 92)

+
+

À faire

+

print 1 et print "1" renvoient le même résultat. Pourquoi ?

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/structures.txt, à la ligne 205)

+
+

À faire

+

écrire un test unitaire avec py.test pour la fonction suivante

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/testsunitaires.txt, à la ligne 42)

+
+

À faire

+

créer une variable

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 14)

+
+

À faire

+

jouer avec les types

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 47)

+
+

À faire

+

lower(), upper(), strip(), title()

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 102)

+
+

À faire

+

addition de listes, append, tranches, tri de listes

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 342)

+
+

À faire

+

defaultdict, get (avec une valeur par défaut)

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 353)

+
+

À faire

+

l’interpréteur python pour l’introspection des objets

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 386)

+
+

À faire

+

coercion, typage dynamique, inférence de type

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 617)

+
+

À faire

+

en python un type et une classe, c’est la même chose

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 644)

+
+

À faire

+

« duck typing » en python

+
+

(l'entrée originale se trouve dans /media/gwen/169254b3-cf68-41d0-a170-baa25153030a/coffre/entrepot/depot/lab71.info/wcrepositories/pyfundoc/fr/type.txt, à la ligne 646)

+
+
+

exercices à faire

+
    +
  • implémenter un script qui lit les arguments de la ligne de commande et qui les écrit sur la sortie standard
  • +
  • implémenter les sous-classes de shape point et cercle, calculer le périmètre.
  • +
  • itérer sur une liste et récupérer la valeur maximum de cette liste (la fonction builtin max)
  • +
+
>>> a = [3,8,3,5,9,1,4]
+>>> max(a)
+9
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/genindex.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/genindex.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8eba729 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/genindex.html @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ + + + + + + + + Index — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ _ + | A + | B + | C + | D + | E + | G + | H + | I + | L + | O + | P + | R + | S + | T + | U + | V + | Y + +
+

_

+ + + +
+ +

A

+ + + +
+ +

B

+ + +
+ +

C

+ + + +
+ +

D

+ + +
+ +

E

+ + +
+ +

G

+ + +
+ +

H

+ + + +
+ +

I

+ + + +
+ +

L

+ + +
+ +

O

+ + + +
+ +

P

+ + + +
+ +

R

+ + + +
+ +

S

+ + + +
+ +

T

+ + + +
+ +

U

+ + + +
+ +

V

+ + +
+ +

Y

+ + +
+ + + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/getting-started.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/getting-started.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32c4a40 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/getting-started.html @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ + + + + + + + Prise en main — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Prise en main

+

L’objectif de ce cours est de vous apprendre à programmer en +python. Ce cours a été fait avec sphinx, l’outil de +gestion de documentation en python utilisé pour documenter python lui-même.

+

Pour plus d’information : Sphinx et docutils

+

Avec python :

+
    +
  • vous n’avez pas grand chose à savoir pour arriver à faire beaucoup de choses,

    +
  • +
  • vous allez pouvoir travailler de manière

    +
      +
    • entièrement autonome
    • +
    • rapide
    • +
    • agile (au sens des méthodes agiles)
    • +
    +
  • +
  • vous allez progresser rapidement

    +
  • +
  • aucune connaissance préalable en programmation n’est requise

    +
  • +
  • le hello world en une ligne:

    +
    python -c "print 'hello'"
    +
    +
    +
  • +
  • rendre un fichier exécutable et ajouter le she bang:

    +
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    +print "hello"
    +
    +
    +
  • +
+
+

Note

+

lorsqu’on lance python sur un programme, des fichiers +avec une extension .pyc apparaissent.

+
+
+
python
+
python est un langage de programmation généraliste, libre, totalement +orienté objet, dynamiquement typé, semi-interprété ou, pour certaines +utilisations optimisées, compilé ou compilé à la volée (JIT).
+
sphinx
+
sphinx est un outil de documentation utilisant la syntaxe wiki +docutils
+
+
    +
  • lorsqu’on lance python sans spécifier de nom de fichier, c’est l’interpréteur +python qui est lancé (le « prompt »)
  • +
+

En python, le dicton le plus répandu est « there must be an obvious way +to do it », (il y a certainement une manière évidente de le faire en +python), import this permet de se remémorer les +dictons de python. Ce dicton est très différent de l’approche du perl +par exemple, qui présuppose : « there is more than one way to do it », +c’est-à-dire que en gros en perl, on peut le faire n’importe comment, +mais pas en python, enfin en python c’est pas conseillé de le faire à sa +sauce, il y a en général une bonne pratique à découvrir et à mettre en place.

+

Taper « python » dans votre console

+
>>> print "hello world"
+hello world
+
+
+
>>> import this
+
+Beautiful is better than ugly.
+Explicit is better than implicit.
+Simple is better than complex.
+Complex is better than complicated.
+
+...
+
+
+
+

Voir aussi

+
+
les modules, les espaces de nommage et la librairie standard
+
La librairie standard
+
+
+

pour avoir de l’aide, taper dans le prompt :

+
>>> help(function)
+
+
+

Le bon réflexe de chercher ce qui est le plus répandu et le plus utilisé est le +bon en python : on dit que python est livré « batteries included », ce qui +signifie que lorsqu’on a un besoin précis il faut chercher dans la librairie +standard python, puis dans les librairies les plus utilisées en python, puis en +dernier… le reste, ce qui est disponible. Mais si une librairie connue ne +fait pas exactement ce qui est attendu et qu’une libraire inconnue du bataillon +fait exactement ce qui est attendu, (et a l’air de fonctionner +correctement…), alors il faut choisir la libraire inconnue au bataillon.

+
+

usage de python

+

à peu près tous les domaines de l’informatique, du scripting système à la génération +de pdf en passant par le développement web et le développement rapide d’applications.

+

exemple : web server

+

pour créer un serveur web simplement:

+
python -m server.http 8000 localhost
+
+
+

exemple : utiliser python pour faire un fichier de conf

+
spam = "eggs"
+    actions = [
+            ('call_view', 'com.next')
+                ]
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/index.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2eb53ac --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ + + + + + + + Apprentissage de la programmation avec python — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ + + +
+

Récapitulatifs de la formation

+ +
+
+

Index et recherche

+ +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/liens.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/liens.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ffcec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/liens.html @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ + + + + + + + <no title> — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +

Bonjour à toute la promo,

+

Comme convenu, voici quelques liens (algorithmiques et autres)

+

D’abord, python :)

+

https://www.python.org/

+

et le tuto dive into python

+

http://www.diveintopython3.net/

+

et le fameux python challenge

+

http://www.pythonchallenge.com/

+

c’est un challenge algorithmique qu’on peut résoudre avec du python mais pas forcément, on peut utiliser n’importe quel langage.

+

Ceux qui dépasseront la sixième étape (sans regarder les soluces) auront droit à mon respect :)

+

Ensuite, la librairie pandas que nous avons vue :

+

http://pandas.pydata.org/

+

et pandas sur python-simple

+

http://www.python-simple.com/python-pandas/stacking-unstacking-dataframe.php

+

Sinon après il y a plein de livres, notamment le wikilivre

+

https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programmation_algorithmique/Sommaire

+

https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Programmation_algorithmique_(livre)

+

https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programmation

+

après sur wikipédia il y a plein de pages consacrée à divers algorithmes (le voyageur de commerce, les algoritmes tirés de la biologie, etc…) mais on n’a pas vu ça en détails.

+

après il y a une bonne présentation des modules et sous-modules (mais c’est de l’ocaml)

+

https://www.good-eris.net/formation-ocaml/modules/submod.html

+

vous pouvez aussi vous y mettre :

+

https://www.good-eris.net/formation-ocaml/intro.html

+

un très bon livre pour ocaml

+

http://programmer-avec-ocaml.lri.fr/chap10.html

+

de très bon livres pour apprendre le python existent aussi, notamment ceux de Tarek Ziadé (un français qui habite en Bourgogne).

+

Voilà

+

Très bonne continuation à vous tous, à bientôt +Gwen

+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/objects.inv b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..faec35f Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/objects.inv differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/prompt.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/prompt.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee0cd8d --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/prompt.html @@ -0,0 +1,271 @@ + + + + + + + Interactions avec l’utilisateur — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Interactions avec l’utilisateur

+
+

les prompts

+

raw_input ou input

+

(raw_input renvoie une string, input essayes d’évaluer, soyez prudent…)

+
>>> from subprocess import call
+>>> filename = input("quel fichier voulez-vous afficher ?\n")
+>>> call("cat " + filename, shell=True)
+
+
+
+
+

le module cmd et les interpréteurs

+

le monde des interpréteur ligne de commande…

+

Peu après l’âge de bronze vint le temps de l’interpréteur ligne de commande, +c’est-à-dire quelque chose de plus spécifique que l’application ligne de commande, +ou que l’utilitaire ligne de commande.

+

Un interpréteur ligne de commande est un programme qui :

+
    +
  • est forcément plein texte
  • +
  • vous donne un prompt
  • +
  • prends toutes ses entrées d’un coup
  • +
  • produit une sortie (typiquement des lignes de texte)
  • +
  • vous redonne un prompt
  • +
+

Le shell unix est un bon exemple d’interpréteur ligne de commande.

+

Un utilitaire ligne de commande est un programme unix-like qui prend toutes +les entrées d’un coup, et qui vous renvoie une sortie d’un coup.

+

le module cmd : exemple d’utilisation

+
#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
+"""Command line interpreter
+"""
+import cmd
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+# this Cli is a model of a basic use of a simple cmd
+class Cli(cmd.Cmd):
+    def __init__(self):
+        cmd.Cmd.__init__(self)
+        self.doc_header = "Documented commands (type help <command>):"
+        self.undoc_header = "Undocumented commands"
+        self.prompt = "#Prompt> "
+        self.intro  = """cli (command line interpreter)
+(type help or ? for commands list)"""
+        self.ruler = "-"
+        
+    def emptyline(self):
+        print "Type 'exit' to finish withe the session or type ? for help."
+
+    def default(self, line):
+        print "unknown command prefix" 
+        print "*** unknown syntax : %s (type 'help' for help for a list of valid commands)"%line
+        self.emptyline()
+
+    def do_exit(self, line):
+        """Exits from the console"""
+        return True
+
+    def do_quit(self, line):
+        return True
+
+    def do_EOF(self, args):
+        """Exit on system end of file character"""
+        return True
+
+# ____________________________________________________________
+# commands pre and post actions
+#    def precmd(self, line):
+#        return line
+#    def postcmd(self, stop, line):
+#        # if there is a problem, just return True : it stops everythings
+#        stop = True
+#        return stop # quit if stop == True
+# ____________________________________________________________
+# program pre and post actions
+#    def preloop(self):
+#        # action for the beginning of the program
+#        pass
+
+#    def postloop(self):
+#        # action for the end of the program
+#        print "exit cli"
+# ____________________________________________________________
+
+class HelloCli(Cli):
+
+    def input_hello(self, line):
+        return line.replace(",", " and ")
+
+    def output_hello(self, result):
+        print result
+
+    def do_hello(self, line):
+        self.output_hello("hello, " + self.input_hello(line))
+        #return False # if you want to stay into the cli
+        return True # if you want to exit
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    prompt = HelloCli()
+    prompt.cmdloop("intro, modifies Cmd.intro")
+
+
+
+

telecharger cmd

+
>>> from cli import Cli
+>>> prompt = Cli()
+>>> prompt.cmdloop()
+cli (command line interpreter)
+(type help or ? for commands list)
+#Prompt> ?
+
+Documented commands (type help <command>):
+==========================================
+EOF  exit
+
+Undocumented commands:
+======================
+cmd  help  quit
+
+#Prompt>
+
+
+

pour ajouter une commande, utiliser simplement l’héritage:

+
>>> from cli import Cli
+>>> class Prompt(Cli):
+...   def do_hello(self, line):
+...      print "hello %s", line
+...
+>>> prompt = Prompt()
+>>> prompt.cmdloop()
+cli (command line interpreter)
+(type help or ? for commands list)
+#Prompt> ?
+
+Documented commands (type help <command>):
+==========================================
+EOF  exit
+
+Undocumented commands:
+======================
+cmd  hello  help  quit
+
+#Prompt> hello world
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

faire un petit projet d’interpréteur ligne de commande du jeu C+/C-

+
+
+
+

lire et écrire dans un fichier

+

les handle de fichier (file handles)

+
>>>
+>>> fh = file('test', 'w')
+>>> fh.write('hello world')
+>>> fh.close()
+>>> content = file('test', 'r').read()
+>>> content
+'hello world'
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/py-modindex.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/py-modindex.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3c06dd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/py-modindex.html @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ + + + + + + + Index des modules Python — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index des modules Python

+ +
+ a | + b | + c | + d | + g | + h | + i | + o | + p | + r | + s | + t | + u +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
 
+ a
+ abc + les abstract base classes
 
+ b
+ builtins + les fonctions directement à disposition sans import spécifique
 
+ c
+ cmd + interpréteur ligne de commande
+ collections + autres types de données
 
+ d
+ doctest + module de tests unitaires basé sur les docstrings
 
+ g
+ getpass + recupération des mots de passe en ligne de commande
 
+ h
+ hotshot + benchmark
 
+ i
+ IPy + traitement des ips en python < python 3.3 remplacé par ipadress
 
+ o
+ optparse + parsing de la ligne de commande
 
+ p
+ pdb + debugger de la lib standard
+ py +
    + py.test + outil de test unitaires de la pylib
 
+ r
+ regexp + expression régulières
 
+ s
+ shelve + linéarisation de données
+ subprocess + exécuter une commande shell, récupérer le code retour et la sortie
+ sys + paramètres et fonctions systèmes
 
+ t
+ time + caculs de temps
 
+ u
+ unittest + module de tests unitaires
+ urllib + parse des urls
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/search.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/search.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b240e89 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/search.html @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ + + + + + + + Recherche — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +

Recherche

+
+ +

+ Veuillez activer le JavaScript pour que la recherche fonctionne. +

+
+

+ Vous pouvez effectuer une recherche au sein des documents. Saisissez les termes +de votre recherche dans le champs ci-dessous et cliquez sur "rechercher". Notez que la fonctionnalité de recherche +va automatiquement chercher l'ensemble des mots. Les pages +contenant moins de mots n'apparaîtront pas dans la liste des résultats. +

+
+ + + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/searchindex.js b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ac6a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/settings.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/settings.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51616af --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/settings.html @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ + + + + + + + Mettre en place son environnement de travail — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Mettre en place son environnement de travail

+
+

Les éditeurs pour python

+

N’importe quel éditeur qui respecte les coding standards du pep8 convient :

+

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/

+

pep8

+

d’une manière générale, de base un éditeur spartiate peut convenir du moment +que l’intentation de 4 espaces est respectée et que les tablulations sont +remplacées par des espaces, car le plus important en python c’est l’indentation, +et le fait de bien voir ou est le règlage de l’encodage (ça doit être en utf-8) +Pour voir si ton éditeur est bien configuré, tu prends n’importe quel fichier python +que tu as créé, puis tu faire un

+
pep8 <mon_fichier.py>
+
+
+

et pep va dire ce qui ne va pas en termes de syntaxe.

+
+
+

IDLE

+

https://docs.python.org/2/library/idle.html

+

Pour information, IDLE est un éditeur intégré (dans la lib standard de python) +mais je te le déconseille (trop spartiate).

+

un framework de développement intégré : IDLE

+
+
IDLE
+
IDLE est un IDE (environnement de développement intégré) mis à disposition +dans la librairie standard de python
+
+
+
+

nano

+

pour l’exemple, avec nano, voici comment faire une config qui permette +de coder en python. On configure nano avec le .nanorc

+

Exemple de .nanorc

+
# replace les tabulations par 4 espaces
+set tabsize 4
+set tabstospaces
+# indente automatiquement
+set autoindent
+# la touche home renvoie en debut de code
+set smarthome
+# ne met pas de retour chariot a la fin d'une ligne
+# si elle depasse la largeur du terminal
+set nowrap
+unset softwrap
+
+# chargement de plusieur fichiers
+set multibuffer
+
+# coloration syntaxique
+## Python
+#include "/usr/share/nano/python.nanorc"
+
+
+
+
+

Gedit

+

Gedit c’est très bien pour coder en python, mais de base c’est pas sur un serveur, +il faut pouvoir être en mode graphique. +Il faut règler l’indentation à 4 espaces pour respecter le pep8. +Et règler le replacement des tablulations par des espaces. +Mais surtout, très vite il faut installer les paquets additionnels, notamment +pour que gedit supprime les espaces en fin de ligne par exemple.

+

Je l’utilise souvent mais il faut des plugins avec +genre ceux-ci (si tu es sur ubuntu):

+
apt-get install gedit-plugins
+
+
+

dans ce paquet par exemple, l’outil pour commenter-décommenter le code est intéressant +(sélection d’un paragraphe, puis Ctrl-M) +tu peux régler après la complétion des parenthèses, etc.

+

il y a aussi le paquet developer plugins :

+

https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gedit-developer-plugins/

+

Après avec les plugins gedit commence à bien tenir la route.

+
+
+

Vi

+

Toujours la même problématiques (espaces, tablulation…) +Donc voici une partie de .vimrc qui le fait:

+
"Pour le collage"
+set pt=<F5>
+set vb t_vb="
+set shiftwidth=4
+set expandtab
+set ts=4
+set sw=4
+syntax on
+filetype indent on
+filetype plugin on
+set autoindent
+set hlsearch          " Surligne les resultats de recherche
+set wrap            " Pas de retour a la ligne auto (affichage)
+set showmatch         " Affiche parenthese correspondante
+set softtabstop=4     " Largeur d'une tabulation
+"set fdm=indent        " Repli selon l'indentation
+
+
+

maintenant après il y a un python-mode assez avancé qui permet de faire pas mal de choses. +(valider avec la syntaxe avec pylint, valider le pep8…) +Mais il faut une config plus avancée.

+

D’une manière générale, il y a la possibilité de valider avec des outils externes (pylint, pychecker, pep8…) et il y a aussi la possibilité de valider tout ça dans un éditeur.

+
+
+

configurer son éditeur : résumé

+
    +
  • les fichiers sources ont l’extension .py
  • +
  • une instruction par ligne
  • +
  • les blocs sont marqués par l’indentation (utilser 4 espaces), règler +l’éditeur pour transformer les tabulations en espaces
  • +
+
+
+

configurer son prompt python

+
+
+PYTHONPATH
+

pointe par défaut sur le répertoire courant, il est possible d’ajouter +un path

+
+ +

à mettre dans votre .bashrc :

+
export PYTHONPATH:`pwd`
+
+export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:'/usr/share':'/toto/titi/tata'
+
+alias pyenv='export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`:$PYTHONPATH'
+
+export PYTHONSTARTUP='/home/gwen/.pystartup'
+
+
+
+
+PYTHONSTARTUP
+

les trucs à mettre dans vos pytstartups (comme dans vos .bashrc)

+
    +
  • autocomplétion
  • +
  • affichage de l’historique
  • +
+
+ +

exemple de .pystartup

+

à télécharger ici : snippets/pystartup

+
# Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to
+# it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash.
+#
+# Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full
+# path to your home directory.
+import rlcompleter
+import readline
+readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")
+
+import os
+histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist")
+try:
+    readline.read_history_file(histfile)
+except IOError:
+    pass
+
+import atexit
+atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
+del os, histfile
+
+# enhanced completion
+#import rlcompleter2
+#rlcompleter2.setup()
+
+
+
+
+

Consulter la librairie standard

+
+
librairie standard
+
Une des règles de base de python est qu’il existe certainement une manière +conseillé de faire une tâche en python. Le premier réflexe est d’aller +voir dans la librairie standard
+
+

Premier réflexe : la doc en ligne ou bien installée sur votre disque dur.

+

la page d’accueil de la doc officielle python :

+_images/DocPython.png +

et surtout, une fois la librairie standard abordée, la page d’index des +modules :

+_images/ModuleIndex.png +
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/specialmethods.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/specialmethods.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03a17a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/specialmethods.html @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ + + + + + + + Programmation python courante — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Programmation python courante

+
+

les espaces de nommage

+

L’espace de nommage le plus courant est l’organisation en modules et en packages.

+

Packages et modules:

+
package/
+    __init__.py
+    module1.py
+    subpackage/
+        __init__.py
+        module2.py
+
+
+

A utilser pour organiser votre projet +Permet de minimiser les risques de conflits de nome +Permet de diminuer les entrées dans le PYTHONPATH

+
import package.module1
+from package.subpackage import module2
+from package.subpackage.module2 import name
+
+
+
    +
  • le fichier __init__.py
  • +
  • reload(module) au prompt
  • +
  • dangereux : l’import « * », utiliser l’attribut spécial __all__ pour l’import +sélectif
  • +
+
from os import *
+
+
+

lance un module en tant que script :

+
if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+
+
+

Organisation modulaire

+
    +
  • construire des composants élémentaires
  • +
  • combiner ces composants
  • +
  • utiliser une structure pyramidale : les composants sont les éléments de +composants plus complexes.
  • +
  • découplage de l’ensemble en composants indépendants (gros programmes réalisables)
  • +
  • donner de la structure (rendre les gros programmes compréhensibles)
  • +
  • spécifier les liens entre les composants (rendre les programmes maintenables)
  • +
  • identifier les sous-composants indépendants (rendre les programmes réutilisables)
  • +
  • forcer l’abstraction (augmenter la sureté du programme)
  • +
+
+
+

modules chargés et modules importés

+

Les modules susceptibles d’être chargés sont dans le PYTHONPATH. +Mais comment peut-on savoir ou ils sont physiquement (sur le disque dur) ?

+
+
+`sys.modules`
+
+ +
>>> 'twisted' in sys.modules
+False
+>>> import twisted
+>>> 'twisted' in sys.modules
+True
+>>> sys.modules['twisted']
+<module 'twisted' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/__init__.pyc'>
+>>>
+
+
+
+

Attention

+

un module présent dans sys.modules n’est pas forcément importé +dans l’espace de nommage usuel. Il faut importer le module pour +pouvoir l’utiliser.

+
+
>>> sys.modules['email']
+<module 'email' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/email/__init__.pyc'>
+>>> dir(email)
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+NameError: name 'email' is not defined
+>>>
+
+
+

Pour récupérer le chemin du module

+
print(os.path.abspath(<module>.__file__))
+
+
+

Pour importer un module qui n’est pas dans le sys.path

+
fch = open('/path/to/mymodule/custom.py', 'r')
+my_module = imp.load_module('dhcp_custom', fch, '/path/to/mymodule.py', ('.py', 'U', 1))
+
+
+
+
+

Connaître la version d’un module

+

Exemple : le module datetime

+

C’est suivant la version de python car c’est la librairie standard.

+

Sinon, en général il y a un attribut __version__

+
>>> import sqlalchemy
+>>> sqlalchemy.__version__
+'0.9.8'
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

Les méthodes spéciales

+

méthodes spéciales correspondants aux interfaces des types de bases :

+
+
+__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+le constructeur de l'instance d'objet
+
+ +
+
+__add__(self, other)
+

correspond à la notation +

+
+ +

exemple :

+
class Zone(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, level=0):
+        self.name = name
+        self.level = level
+
+    def __add__(self, other):
+        return Zone(self.name + other.name, level=self.level+other.level)
+
+    def __cmp__(self, other):
+        return cmp(self.level, other.level)
+
+
+
>>> from specialmethods import *
+>>> z = Zone("titi", 10)
+>>> z2 = Zone("tutu", 40)
+>>> z > z2
+False
+>>> z + z2
+<specialmethods.Zone object at 0x7f02d95fb190>
+>>> z3 = z + z2
+>>> z3.name
+'tititutu'
+>>> z3.level
+50
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

Attributs et accesseurs

+

python est un langage à attributs, c’est-à-dire que le protocole d’accès +aux attributs est règlable.

+
>>> class C(object):
+...   classattr = "a class attribute"
+...
+>>> cobj = C()
+>>> cobj.classattr
+'a class attribute'
+>>> cobj.insattr = "an instance attribute"
+>>> cobj.insattr
+'an instance attribute'
+>>> C.__dict__['classattr']
+'a class attribute'
+>>> cobj.__dict__['insattr']
+'an instance attribute'
+
+
+

les attributs ne sont pas systématiquement encapsulées en python.

+

pour contrôler l’accès aux attributs, on utilise les méthodes spéciales:

+
__getattr__(self, name)
+
+__setattr__(self, name, value)
+
+  class AnObject(object):
+      ......
+      def __setattr__(self, name, val):
+          if name == 'src': #do something
+          # this will assign the real object.name,
+          #despite __setattr__
+          self.__dict__[name]=val
+      def __getattr__(self, name):
+          # ...
+  try:
+      func = getattr(obj, "method")
+  except AttributeError:
+      ... deal with missing method ...
+  else:
+      result = func(args)
+
+  func = getattr(obj, "method", None)
+  if callable(func):
+      func(args)
+
+
+
    +
  • un attribut spécial : __slots__
  • +
+

permet de fixer les attributs possibles d’une classe

+
>>> class Bar(object):
+...    __slots__ = ("a","b","c")
+...
+>>> b = Bar()
+>>> b.a = "toto"
+>>> b.a
+'toto'
+>>> b.d = "titi"
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
+AttributeError: 'Bar' object has no attribute 'd'
+
+
+
+

les slots

+
+

Important

+

l’encapsulation n’est pas une condition de base de la programmation +par objects, surtout que le contrôle nuit à l’agilité.

+
+
>>> class Point(object):
+...     __slots__ = 'x', 'y'
+...
+>>> p = Point()
+>>> p.x = 2
+>>> p.y = 3
+>>> p.z = 4
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+AttributeError: 'Point' object has no attribute 'z'
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • notation | et notation >
  • +
+
class Test:
+    nombre = 1
+    def __or__(self, other):
+        return self.nombre + other.nombre
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other):
+        self.nombre = self.nombre + other.nombre
+
+t1 = Test()
+t2 = Test()
+t2.nombre = 2
+print t1 | t2
+t1 << t2
+print t1.nombre
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/stdlib.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/stdlib.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb7f863 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/stdlib.html @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ + + + + + + + La librairie standard — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

La librairie standard

+
+

les builtins

+
    +
  • le module builtins, tout ce qui est accessible directement
  • +
+
>>> dir('__builtins__')
+['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__',
+'__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__',
+'__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',
+'__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',
+'__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__',
+'__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser',
+'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs',
+'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower',
+'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip',
+'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit',
+'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title',
+'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
+>>>
+
+
+ +
+
+subprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False)¶
+
+ +
>>> subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"])
+0
+>>> subprocess.call("exit 1", shell=True)
+1
+
+
+
+
+subprocess.check_output(args, *, stdin=None, stderr=None, shell=False, universal_newlines=False)¶
+
+ +
>>> subprocess.check_output(["echo", "Hello World!"])
+'Hello World!\n'
+
+
+
>>> subprocess.check_output("exit 1", shell=True)
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+   ...
+subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1
+
+
+
    +
  • le module sys, paramètres et fonctions systèmes
  • +
+
+
+sys.argv
+

la ligne de commande

+
+ +
+
+sys.exit()
+

terminer un programme

+
+ +
+
+sys.path
+

ce qu’il y a dans le PYTHONPATH

+
+ +
    +
  • le module optparse pour faire des outils ligne de commande
  • +
+

module plus récent : argparse

+
#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+Module docstring.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import optparse
+
+def process_command_line(argv):
+    """
+    Return a 2-tuple: (settings object, args list).
+    `argv` is a list of arguments, or `None` for ``sys.argv[1:]``.
+    """
+    if argv is None:
+        argv = sys.argv[1:]
+
+    # initialize the parser object:
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        formatter=optparse.TitledHelpFormatter(width=78),
+        add_help_option=None)
+
+    # define options here:
+    parser.add_option(      # customized description; put --help last
+        '-h', '--help', action='help',
+        help='Show this help message and exit.')
+
+    settings, args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    # check number of arguments, verify values, etc.:
+    if args:
+        parser.error('program takes no command-line arguments; '
+                     '"%s" ignored.' % (args,))
+
+    # further process settings & args if necessary
+
+    return settings, args
+
+def main(argv=None):
+    settings, args = process_command_line(argv)
+    # application code here, like:
+    # run(settings, args)
+    return 0        # success
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    status = main()
+    sys.exit(status)
+
+
+
    +
  • les modules de tests unitaires unittest et doctests
  • +
+
    +
  • le module xml.etree pour parser du xml
  • +
+
tree = xml.parse("testFile.xml")
+rootElement = tree.getroot()
+bookList = rootElem.findall("Books")
+if bookList != None:
+    for book in bookList:
+        #faire quelque chose avec les livres
+
+
+
    +
  • le module urllib pour parser les urls et les manipuler (urllib2)
  • +
+
+
+urllib.urlopen(url)
+

lit une url distante

+
+ +
    +
  • time pour la manipulation de temps
  • +
+
t1 = time.clock()
+# Do Stuff Here
+t2 = time.clock()
+print t2 - t1
+
+
+

now

+
import time
+now = time.localtime(time.time())
+dateStr = time.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y,  %I:%M %p", now)
+print dateStr
+
+
+
    +
  • le module getpass pour gérer les motes de passe
  • +
+
>>> import getpass
+>>> p = getpass.getpass()
+Password:
+>>> p
+'toto'
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • linéarisation de données
  • +
+
>>> import shelve
+>>> shelve.open("database", 'c')
+{}
+>>> s = shelve.open("database", 'c')
+>>> s
+{}
+>>> s["o"] = ('a', 'b', 'c')
+>>> s.cl
+s.clear  s.close
+>>> s.cl
+s.clear  s.close
+>>> s.close()
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • le module abc pour faire des interfaces propres
  • +
+
+
+abc.register(subclass)
+

exemple

+
from abc import ABCMeta
+
+class MyABC:
+    __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
+
+MyABC.register(tuple)
+
+assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC)
+assert isinstance((), MyABC)
+
+
+
+ + +
import hotshot
+prof = hotshot.Profile('toto.txt')
+prof.runcall(make_description)
+prof.close()
+
+
+
    +
  • un exemple de librairie externe : IPy
  • +
+
sudo apt-get install python-ipy
+
+
+
from IPy import IP
+
+try:
+    ipy = IP('{0}/{1}'.format(ip, mask), make_net=True)
+except ValueError:
+    print "marche pas"
+network = ipy.net()
+broadcast = ipy.broadcast()
+return broadcast, network
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/structures.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/structures.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..80cc578 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/structures.html @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ + + + + + + + Structures de contrôle et fonctions — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Structures de contrôle et fonctions

+
    +
  • tests
  • +
+
>>> if "a":
+...   print "a"
+...
+a
+>>> if "":
+...   print "hell"
+...
+>>> a = 2
+>>> if a == 1:
+...   print "un"
+... else:
+...   print "deux"
+...
+deux
+>>>
+
+
+
+

Important

+

les types de base ont tous une valeur booléenne

+
+
    +
  • itérations
  • +
+
>>> for i in range(10):
+...   print i
+...
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+>>>
+>>> l = range(10)
+>>> l
+[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+
+
+
    +
  • tant que
  • +
+
>>> i = 10
+>>> while i != 0:
+...  print i
+...  i = i -1
+...
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+>>>
+
+
+
+

fonctions

+
>>> def blabla(x):
+...   """fonction qui printe"""
+...   print x
+...
+>>>
+
+
+

il n’y a que des fonctions (et pas de procédures):

+
>>> def ma_func(x):
+...   "écrit quelque chose dans un fichier"
+...
+>>> ma_func("a")
+>>> print ma_func("a")
+None
+>>>
+
+
+

est équivalent à :

+
>>> def ma_func(x):
+...   "écrit quelque chose dans un fichier"
+...   return None
+
+
+
    +
  • arité d’une fonction:

    +
    +
      +
    • paramètre non nommé
    • +
    • paramètre nommé
    • +
    +
    +
  • +
+
>>> def ma_fonction(*args, **kwargs):
+...   print "arguments : ", str(args)
+...   print "argumments nommés", str(kwargs)
+...
+>>> ma_fonction("toto", "titi", tutu=2, tata=3)
+arguments :  ('toto', 'titi')
+argumments nommés {'tata': 3, 'tutu': 2}
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • signature d’une fonction : ça peut renvoyer n’importe quoi (tout ce qu’on veut)
  • +
+

return ou yield ?

+
+
yield
+
permet de renvoyer le résultat d’une fonction en plusieurs étape +à l’aide d’un générateur
+
return
+
résultat d’une fonction
+
+
>>> def ma_fonction():
+...   for i in range(10):
+...     yield i
+...
+>>> for i in ma_fonction():
+...   print i
+...
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • espaces de nommage à l’intérieur d’une fonction :
  • +
+
>>> def toto(x):
+...   print vars()
+...
+>>> toto("sdfsdf")
+{'x': 'sdfsdf'}
+>>> class A(object):pass
+...
+>>> a = A()
+>>> a.a = "titi"
+>>> a.b = "toto"
+>>> vars(a)
+{'a': 'titi', 'b': 'toto'}
+
+
+

puisque tout est objet en python, vars(mon_objet) est équivalent à +mon_objet.__dict__

+
    +
  • générateurs et compréhension de liste
  • +
+

les compréhensions de listes permettent de générer de nouvelles listes

+

exemple :

+
>>> [ 2*i for i in range(10)]
+[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]
+>>>
+
+
+
>>> [x for x in range(10) if x>5]
+[6, 7, 8, 9]
+>>>
+
+
+
>>> [(i, j) for i in range(2,5) for j in range (4,8)]
+[(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7)]
+>>>
+
+
+

les expressions générateurs

+
>>> expr = (2*i for i in range(10))
+>>> expr
+<generator object <genexpr> at 0x7ff9efa77cd0>
+>>> for e in expr:
+...   print e
+...
+0
+2
+4
+6
+8
+10
+12
+14
+16
+18
+>>>
+
+
+
+
+

le polymorphisme paramétrique

+

polymorphisme exemple de contexte : +la fonction print

+
>>> print 1
+1
+>>> print "1"
+1
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

print 1 et print "1" renvoient le même résultat. Pourquoi ?

+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/testsunitaires.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/testsunitaires.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8c34be --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/testsunitaires.html @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ + + + + + + + Tests unitaires et pile d’appels — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Tests unitaires et pile d’appels

+

Les tests automatiques sont un complément à la déclaration des types.

+

que tester, quoi tester ?

+
    +
  • que les composants interagissent bien entre eux
  • +
  • que les unités (fonctions, objets…) réagissent bien à une entrée spécifique
  • +
  • que le code se comporte de la manière attendue dans des environnements différents +(systèmes d’exploitation, etc…)
  • +
+

les types de tests :

+
    +
  • tests unitaires
  • +
  • tests fonctionnels
  • +
  • tests d’acceptation
  • +
  • tests d’intégration
  • +
+

Quel outil utiliser ?

+ +
    +
  • py.test est le plus simple (plus simple que unittest)
  • +
+

http://pytest.org/latest/

+
def test_simple():
+    "test si ma_fontion renvoie bien 3"
+    assert ma_fontion(2) == 3
+
+
+
    +
  • py.test utilise assert et raises
  • +
  • unittest necessite de faire sytématiquement une classe, puis assertEqual()
  • +
  • doctest est plus simple mais charge trop les docstrings
  • +
+
+

À faire

+

écrire un test unitaire avec py.test pour la fonction suivante

+
+
    +
  • installer le paquet python-pytest
  • +
  • écrire un fichier avec une fonction dedans
  • +
+
def double(x):
+    return x*2
+
+
+
    +
  • écrire un fichier commençant par test_ qui teste les fonctions du fichier
  • +
+
+

options utiles dans py.test

+
py.test --tb=no
+py.test --tb=short
+py.test -x (dernière erreur)
+py.test -s  (c'est comme nocapture en fait)
+py.test -x --nocapture --pdb
+py.test -xl --pdb
+
+py.test -k test_simple
+
+
+

utiliser le module pdb

+
import pdb
+pdb.set_trace()
+
+
+

depuis py.test :

+
import pytest
+def test_function():
+    ...
+        pytest.set_trace()    # invoke PDB debugger and tracing
+
+
+

Remarquons que pdb utilise le module cmd, voir le module cmd et les interpréteurs qu’on a déjà vu précedemment

+
(Pdb) h
+
+Documented commands (type help <topic>):
+========================================
+EOF    bt         cont      enable  jump  pp       run      unt
+a      c          continue  exit    l     q        s        until
+alias  cl         d         h       list  quit     step     up
+args   clear      debug     help    n     r        tbreak   w
+b      commands   disable   ignore  next  restart  u        whatis
+break  condition  down      j       p     return   unalias  where
+
+Miscellaneous help topics:
+==========================
+exec  pdb
+
+Undocumented commands:
+======================
+retval  rv
+
+(Pdb)
+
+
+

last but not least :

+

utiliser pylint ou pychecker

+
apt-get install pylint
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_build/html/type.html b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/type.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..895e6f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_build/html/type.html @@ -0,0 +1,810 @@ + + + + + + + Typage, types de base — Documentation Formation Python 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+ + + +

 

+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Typage, types de base

+

python est un langage dynamiquement typé. qu’est-ce que cela signifie ?

+
    +
  • pas de déclaration des types (attention différent de l’inférence de types): les variables n’ont pas +de type fixé, ce qui signifie que le type est fixé au moment de l’affectation +(pendant le rutime).
  • +
  • pas de déclaration des variables (une variable est créée au moyen de la première +affectation).
  • +
+
+

À faire

+

créer une variable

+
+
>>> a = 3
+>>> a
+3
+
+
+
    +
  • ouvrir l’interpréteur python
  • +
  • dans la console créer un objet de type integer, float, string, liste, dictionnaire
  • +
  • vérifier les types à l’aide de la fonction
  • +
  • vérifier que en python tout est objet
  • +
  • type de base et types conteneurs
  • +
  • types mutables et types immutables
  • +
+
>>> a = 2
+>>> b = 3
+>>> b = 5
+>>> a
+2
+>>> b
+5
+
+
+
>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+>>> p = [l, 'e']
+>>> p
+[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 'e']
+>>> l = ['i', 'j']
+>>> p
+[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 'e']
+>>> l
+['i', 'j']
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

jouer avec les types

+
+
    +
  • l’interpréteur python comme calculette, les opérations numériques
  • +
+
>>> x = 1
+>>> y =2
+>>> x > y
+False
+>>> x == y
+False
+>>> x != y
+True
+
+
+
    +
  • l’interpréteur pour manipuler les strings
  • +
+
>>> s = "bla bla"
+'bla bla'
+>>> s = 'bla bla'
+'bla bla'
+>>> s = " 'bli bli' "
+>>> s
+" 'bli bli' "
+>>> s = """ sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf"""
+>>> s
+' sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf'
+>>>
+>>> s = "bla bla"
+>>> m = "hu hu"
+>>> s + m
+'bla blahu hu'
+>>> m * 3
+'hu huhu huhu hu'
+>>>
+>>> len(m)
+5
+>>>
+>>> m[3]
+'h'
+>>> m[3:5]
+'hu'
+>>>
+
+
+
>>> s = "ssdfsdf {0} sdfsdfsdf {1}".format("blah", "blih")
+
+
+
>>> s= 'a'
+>>> dir(s)
+['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']
+>>> t = "abc"
+>>> t.startswith("a")
+True
+>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+>>> "-".join(l)
+'a-b-c'
+>>>
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

lower(), upper(), strip(), title()

+
+

index(), find(), replace()

+ +
>>> import re
+>>> s = "sdf dfdfdf blah bla df"
+>>> re.findall(r'\w*', s)
+['sdf', '', 'dfdfdf', '', 'blah', '', 'bla', '', 'df', '']
+>>> re.findall(r'df*', s)
+['df', 'df', 'df', 'df', 'df']
+>>>
+
+
+
+

unicode

+

En python 2.X : deux types : str et unicode (en python 3 ces types sont unifiés)

+

on peut facilement tomber sur des erreurs unicode:

+
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0:
+ordinal not in range(128)
+
+
+
    +
  • l’encodage (unicode):
  • +
+

on part d’un objet unicode :

+
>>> u = u"éèà bla"
+>>> u
+u'\xe9\xe8\xe0 bla'
+
+
+

on le transforme en string utf-8 :

+
>>> u.encode("utf-8")
+'\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa8\xc3\xa0 bla'
+>>> print u.encode("utf-8")
+éèà bla
+>>>
+
+
+

on peut partir d’une string en utf-8, puis:

+

manips importantes de traitement unicode (si on n’est pas en python 3)

+
>>> u = u"ésdsfè"
+>>> u
+u'\xe9sdsf\xe8'
+>>> print u
+ésdsfè
+>>> str(u)
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0:
+ordinal not in range(128)
+>>> u.encode("utf-8")
+'\xc3\xa9sdsf\xc3\xa8'
+>>> s = u.encode("utf-8")
+>>> type(s)
+<type 'str'>
+>>>
+
+
+

Il faut utiliser .encode(), et pas .decode():

+
if type(s) == unicode #types.UnicodeType:
+    bla bla
+
+if type(s) == str:
+    rien à faire
+
+
+

manipulations diverses :

+
    +
  • enlever les accents
  • +
+
>>> import unicodedata
+>>> s = u"un été même pas chaud"
+>>> import unicodedata as U
+>>> s2 = ''.join(U.normalize('NFD', x)[0] for x in s)
+>>> s2
+u'un ete meme pas chaud'
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • enlever la ponctuation
  • +
+
>>> import re
+>>> import string
+>>> rgx = re.compile('[%s]' % string.punctuation)
+>>> string.punctuation
+'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
+
+
+
+
+

tuples, listes, dictionnaires

+
>>> t = (1,2,3)
+>>> l = [1,2,3]
+>>> d = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4}
+>>>
+>>> l = ['e','p','q','t']
+>>> l.pop()
+'t'
+>>> l
+['e', 'p', 'q']
+>>> l
+['e', 'p', 'q']
+>>> l.pop(1)
+'p'
+>>> l
+['e', 'q']
+>>>
+exercice
+-------------
+
+
+

écrire la string « 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9 » programmatiquement

+
>>> [str(i) for i in l]
+['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
+>>> l2 = []
+>>> for i in l:
+...   l2.append(str(i))
+...
+>>> l2
+['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
+>>>
+>>> l = range(1,9)
+>>> l2 = [str(i) for i in l]
+>>> "-".join(l2)
+'1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8'
+>>> s= "-"
+>>> l2.extend(range(20))
+>>> l2
+['1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
+>>> l + l2
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, '1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
+>>> l.extend(l2)
+KeyboardInterrupt
+>>> l = []
+>>> l = list()
+>>> list
+<type 'list'>
+>>> list()
+[]
+>>> list(range(2))
+[0, 1]
+>>> tuple
+<type 'tuple'>
+>>> t = (1,2,3)
+>>> t
+(1, 2, 3)
+>>> list(t)
+[1, 2, 3]
+>>> t
+(1, 2, 3)
+>>> type(t)
+<type 'tuple'>
+>>>
+
+
+
+

Important

+

utiliser get plutôt que l’accès par items lorsque l’on n’est pas sûr

+
+
>>> d = {}
+>>> d.get('toto')
+>>> d['toto'] ='titi'
+>>> d.get('toto')
+'titi'
+>>> print d.get('toto')
+titi
+>>> print d.get('to')
+None
+>>> d['tot']
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+KeyError: 'tot'
+>>>
+KeyboardInterrupt
+>>>
+
+
+
>>> x=dict(a=23,b=45,c=67,d=89)
+>>> x
+{'a': 23, 'c': 67, 'b': 45, 'd': 89}
+>>> y=dict.fromkeys(range(4), 'ho')
+>>> y
+{0: 'ho', 1: 'ho', 2: 'ho', 3: 'ho'}
+
+
+

# and a new method to fetch-and-remove an item, by key:

+
>>> x.pop('c')
+67
+>>> x
+{'a': 23, 'b': 45, 'd': 89}
+>>> x.pop('z')
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
+KeyError: 'z'
+>>> x.pop('z', 55)
+55
+
+
+
>>> for x in enumerate('ciao'): print x
+...
+(0, 'c')
+(1, 'i')
+(2, 'a')
+(3, 'o')
+>>>
+
+
+ +

remarques sur les tuples

+
>>> 1,
+(1,)
+>>> (1,)
+(1,)
+>>> (1)
+1
+>>> ()
+()
+>>> tuple()
+()
+>>> value = 1,
+>>> value
+(1,)
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

addition de listes, append, tranches, tri de listes

+
+
def remove_duplicates(lst):
+    ...
+
+l = [4, 7, 30, "hello", 7, "world", 30, 7]
+remove_duplicates(l)
+assert l == [4, 7, 30, "hello", "world"]
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

defaultdict, get (avec une valeur par défaut)

+
+
    +
  • tri de liste personnalisé :
  • +
+
class Sorter:
+    def sort(self, list):
+        for i in range(len(list) - 1):
+            for j in range(i, len(list)):
+                if self.compareItems(list[i], list[j]):
+                    list[i], list[j] = list[j], list[i]
+
+    def getName(self):
+        return "Trieur de liste"
+
+    def getDescription(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+        
+    def compareItems(self, item1, item2):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+class AscendantSorter(Sorter):
+    def compareItems(self, item1, item2):
+        return item1 >= item2
+    def getDescription(self):
+        return "Tri par ordre normal"
+    def getName(self):
+        return "Ascendant"
+
+class DescendantSorter(Sorter):
+    def compareItems(self, item1, item2):
+        return item1 <= item2
+    def getDescription(self):
+        return "Tri par ordre inverse"
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    list = ['b', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'z']
+    s = AscendantSorter()
+    s.sort(list)
+    print list
+    s = DescendantSorter()
+    s.sort(list)
+    print list
+
+
+
>>> 'a' in d
+True
+>>> t[1]
+2
+>>>
+>>> for i in l:
+...   print i
+...
+1
+2
+3
+>>>
+>>> for i in d:
+...   print i
+...
+a
+c
+b
+>>>
+>>> for key, value in d.items():
+...  print key, " : ", value
+...
+a  :  2
+c  :  4
+b  :  3
+>>>
+
+
+
+

À faire

+

l’interpréteur python pour l’introspection des objets

+
+

en python, pas besoin de déclaration de type. Qu’est-ce que ça veut dire ?

+
>>> type(1)
+<type 'int'>
+>>>
+>>> dir(3)
+['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__',
+'__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floordiv__',
+'__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__',
+'__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__',
+'__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__',
+'__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__',
+'__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__',
+'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__',
+'__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__',
+'__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__',
+'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']
+>>>
+>>> type(3)
+<type 'int'>
+>>>
+
+
+
    +
  • Le type set
  • +
+

Set

+
+
collection non ordonnées d’éléments uniques
+
    +
  • le type set immutable et le type set mutable.
  • +
  • un ensemble peut être étendu ou bien seulement englobé
  • +
+
Manipulations non supportées
+
+>>> e["a"]
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+TypeError: unsubscriptable object
+>>> e.append("a")
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'append'
+
+
+

Création

+

Ensemble vide :

+
>>> e = set()
+>>> e
+Set([])
+>>> e = set("toto")
+>>> e
+Set(['t', 'o'])
+>>> d = {"a":1,"b":2}
+>>> f = set(d)
+>>> f
+Set(['a', 'b'])
+
+
+

Appartenance et définition en extension

+
Set(['a', 'b'])
+>>> "a" in i
+True
+>>> len(h)
+4
+>>> for u in h:
+...   print u
+...
+a
+b
+t
+o
+>>> e.add("a")
+>>> e
+Set(['a'])
+>>> for i in range(5):
+...   e.add(i)
+...
+>>> e
+Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1])
+Set(['a'])
+>>> e.add("b", "c")
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+TypeError: add() takes exactly 2 arguments (3 given)
+>>> for i in range(5):
+...   e.add(i)
+...
+>>> e
+# Suppression :
+>>> f = e.copy()
+>>> f
+Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1])
+>>> f.remove(0)
+
+
+

Opérations sur les ensembles

+
>>> v = sets.Set()
+
+>>> e.issubset(f)
+False
+>>> f.issubset(e)
+True
+>>> e.issuperset(f)
+True
+>>> f &lt; e
+True
+>>> f &gt; e
+False
+>>> e
+Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])])
+>>> e.copy()
+Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])])
+>>> e.remove(3)
+>>> e
+Set(['a', 0, 2, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])])
+>>> 0 in e
+True
+>>> e.pop()
+'a'
+>>> e
+Set([0, 2, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])])
+>>> e.pop()
+0
+>>> e.discard(4)
+>>> e
+Set([2, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])])
+>>> e.discard("p")
+>>> e
+Set([2, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])])
+>>> e.discard(sets.Set("p"))
+>>> e
+Set([2, 1])
+>>>
+>>> e -= f
+>>> e
+Set([])
+>>> f
+Set(['a', 2, 3, 4, 1])
+>>>
+>>> e.clear()
+>>> e
+Set([])
+>>>
+# copy
+>>> h == e
+False
+>>> h != e
+True
+>>> u = h.copy()
+>>> u
+Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o'])
+
+
+

Opérations ensemblistes

+
#Pas d'opération "+" :
+>>> h = e + f
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'Set' and 'Set'
+#La réunion :
+>>> g = e or f
+>>> g
+Set(['t', 'o'])
+autre notation :
+>>> h | e
+Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o'])
+>>> h & e
+Set(['t', 'o'])
+>>>
+Le complémentaire :
+>>> h = e ^ f
+>>> h
+Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o'])
+La différence :
+>>> i = h - e
+>>> i
+L'intersection, la réunion, le complémentaire :
+>>> f
+Set(['a', 2, 3, 4, 1])
+>>> f & e
+Set(['a', 1, 2, 3, 4])
+>>> f | e
+Set(['a', 1, 2, 3, 4, 0])
+>>> f ^ e
+Set([0])
+
+
+
+
+

différence entre type et isinstance

+

type() ne gère pas l’héritage alors que isinstance() si:

+
>>> class MyClass(object):
+  def __init__(self):
+      pass
+>>> a = MyClass()
+>>> type(a) == MyClass
+True
+>>> type(a) == object
+False
+>>> isinstance(a, MyClass)
+True
+>>> isinstance(a, object)
+True
+>>>
+
+
+

Dans la PEP 8, Guido demande explicitement d’utiliser isinstance et non type

+
+

Note

+

citation :

+

Object type comparisons should always use isinstance() instead +of comparing types directly.

+
+

Yes: if isinstance(obj, int):

+

No: if type(obj) is int:

+
+
+
+

inférence de type

+
+

À faire

+

coercion, typage dynamique, inférence de type

+
+

exemple:

+
def addition_forte(x, y):
+  return int(x) + int(y)
+
+def addition_faible(x, y):
+  return x + y
+
+
+

dans addition_faible, il n’y a pas de casting de type, on n’essaye pas +de transformer ça en un type donné, c’est-à-dire que si x et y sont +compatible, ça marche. Le typage est fort, on demande des types

+
>>> addition_faible("1", 4)
+TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects
+
+
+
>>> addition_forte("1", 4)
+TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects
+
+
+
>>> addition_faible("a", "b")
+5
+
+
+

Remarquons que addition_faible renvoie forcément un type int tandis +que addition_forte peut renvoyer un autre type, ceci est dû au +polymorphisme paramétrique.

+
+

À faire

+

en python un type et une classe, c’est la même chose

+
+
+

À faire

+

« duck typing » en python

+
+
    +
  • le typage
      +
    • typage fort
        +
      • statique : déclaration ou bien inférence (déduction) lisible dans le source +(exemple : java)
      • +
      • typage dynamique : une variable est typée en fonction de son contenu
      • +
      +
    • +
    • typage faible :
        +
      • une donnée n’aura pas spécialement de type : les nombres, les chaînes de +caractères, les booléens, etc. seront tous des scalaires et ne seront +différenciés que par leur valeur et par le contexte de leur utilisation
      • +
      +
    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ Recherche |   + + +
+ +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_static/default.css b/python/python3/fr/_static/default.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7eb6dc --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_static/default.css @@ -0,0 +1,849 @@ +/** + * Sphinx Doc Design + */ + +body { + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 100%; +/* background-color: #11303d; */ + background-color: #222; + color: #000; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* :::: LAYOUT :::: */ + +div.document { + background-color: #000000 ; /* #1c4e63; */ +} + +div.documentwrapper { + float: left; + width: 100%; +} + +div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 0 0 230px; +} + +div.body { + background-color: white; + padding: 0 20px 30px 20px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.footer { + color: #fff; + width: 100%; + padding: 9px 0 9px 0; + text-align: center; + font-size: 75%; +} + +div.footer a { + color: #fff; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.related { + background-color: #133f52; + color: #fff; + width: 100%; + line-height: 30px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +div.related a { + color: white; +} + +/* ::: TOC :::: */ +div.sphinxsidebar h3 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + color: white; + font-size: 1.4em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h3 a { + color: white; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar h4 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + color: white; + font-size: 1.3em; + font-weight: normal; + margin: 5px 0 0 0; + padding: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p { + color: white; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar p.topless { + margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + margin: 10px; + padding: 0; + list-style: none; + color: white; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar a { + color: #98dbcc; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +/* :::: MODULE CLOUD :::: */ +div.modulecloud { + margin: -5px 10px 5px 10px; + padding: 10px; + line-height: 160%; + border: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #f2fbfd; +} + +div.modulecloud a { + padding: 0 5px 0 5px; +} + +/* :::: SEARCH :::: */ +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li div.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* :::: COMMON FORM STYLES :::: */ + +div.actions { + padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px; + border-top: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + border-bottom: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #e0f6f4; +} + +form dl { + color: #333; +} + +form dt { + clear: both; + float: left; + min-width: 110px; + margin-right: 10px; + padding-top: 2px; +} + +input#homepage { + display: none; +} + +div.error { + margin: 5px 20px 0 0; + padding: 5px; + border: 1px solid #d00; + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* :::: INLINE COMMENTS :::: */ + +div.inlinecomments { + position: absolute; + right: 20px; +} + +div.inlinecomments a.bubble { + display: block; + float: right; + background-image: url(style/comment.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + width: 25px; + height: 25px; + text-align: center; + padding-top: 3px; + font-size: 0.9em; + line-height: 14px; + font-weight: bold; + color: black; +} + +div.inlinecomments a.bubble span { + display: none; +} + +div.inlinecomments a.emptybubble { + background-image: url(style/nocomment.png); +} + +div.inlinecomments a.bubble:hover { + background-image: url(style/hovercomment.png); + text-decoration: none; + color: #3ca0a4; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comments { + float: right; + margin: 25px 5px 0 0; + max-width: 50em; + min-width: 30em; + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; + background-color: #f2fbfd; + z-index: 150; +} + +div#comments { + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; + margin-top: 20px; +} + +div#comments div.nocomments { + padding: 10px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comments h3, +div#comments h3 { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + background-color: #2eabb0; + color: white; + border: none; + padding: 3px; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comments div.actions { + padding: 4px; + margin: 0; + border-top: none; +} + +div#comments div.comment { + margin: 10px; + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comment h4, +div.commentwindow div.comment h4, +div#comments div.comment h4 { + margin: 10px 0 0 0; + background-color: #2eabb0; + color: white; + border: none; + padding: 1px 4px 1px 4px; +} + +div#comments div.comment h4 { + margin: 0; +} + +div#comments div.comment h4 a { + color: #d5f4f4; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comment div.text, +div.commentwindow div.comment div.text, +div#comments div.comment div.text { + margin: -5px 0 -5px 0; + padding: 0 10px 0 10px; +} + +div.inlinecomments div.comment div.meta, +div.commentwindow div.comment div.meta, +div#comments div.comment div.meta { + text-align: right; + padding: 2px 10px 2px 0; + font-size: 95%; + color: #538893; + border-top: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #e0f6f4; +} + +div.commentwindow { + position: absolute; + width: 500px; + border: 1px solid #cbe7e5; + background-color: #f2fbfd; + display: none; + z-index: 130; +} + +div.commentwindow h3 { + margin: 0; + background-color: #2eabb0; + color: white; + border: none; + padding: 5px; + font-size: 1.5em; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.commentwindow div.actions { + margin: 10px -10px 0 -10px; + padding: 4px 10px 4px 10px; + color: #538893; +} + +div.commentwindow div.actions input { + border: 1px solid #2eabb0; + background-color: white; + color: #135355; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.commentwindow div.form { + padding: 0 10px 0 10px; +} + +div.commentwindow div.form input, +div.commentwindow div.form textarea { + border: 1px solid #3c9ea2; + background-color: white; + color: black; +} + +div.commentwindow div.error { + margin: 10px 5px 10px 5px; + background-color: #fbe5dc; + display: none; +} + +div.commentwindow div.form textarea { + width: 99%; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview { + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; + background-color: #70d0d4; + padding: 0 1px 1px 25px; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview h4 { + margin: 0 0 -5px -20px; + padding: 4px 0 0 4px; + color: white; + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview div.comment { + background-color: #f2fbfd; +} + +div.commentwindow div.preview div.comment h4 { + margin: 10px 0 0 0!important; + padding: 1px 4px 1px 4px!important; + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +/* :::: SUGGEST CHANGES :::: */ +div#suggest-changes-box input, div#suggest-changes-box textarea { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + background-color: white; + color: black; +} + +div#suggest-changes-box textarea { + width: 99%; + height: 400px; +} + + +/* :::: PREVIEW :::: */ +div.preview { + background-image: url(style/preview.png); + padding: 0 20px 20px 20px; + margin-bottom: 30px; +} + + +/* :::: INDEX PAGE :::: */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* :::: INDEX STYLES :::: */ + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable dl, table.indextable dd { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +form.pfform { + margin: 10px 0 20px 0; +} + +/* :::: GLOBAL STYLES :::: */ + +.docwarning { + background-color: #ffe4e4; + padding: 10px; + margin: 0 -20px 0 -20px; + border-bottom: 1px solid #f66; +} + +p.subhead { + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 20px; +} + +a { + color: #355f7c; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +div.body h1, +div.body h2, +div.body h3, +div.body h4, +div.body h5, +div.body h6 { + font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; + background-color: #f2f2f2; + font-weight: normal; + color: #20435c; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px; + padding: 3px 0 3px 10px; +} + +div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; } +div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; } +div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; } +div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; } +div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; } +div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; } + +a.headerlink { + color: #c60f0f; + font-size: 0.8em; + padding: 0 4px 0 4px; + text-decoration: none; + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +a.headerlink:hover { + background-color: #c60f0f; + color: white; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li { + text-align: justify; + line-height: 130%; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +ul.fakelist { + list-style: none; + margin: 10px 0 10px 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +.field-list ul { + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +/* "Footnotes" heading */ +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* "Topics" */ + +div.topic { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 0 7px 0 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* Admonitions */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.admonition dl { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.admonition p { + display: inline; +} + +div.seealso { + background-color: #ffc; + border: 1px solid #ff6; +} + +div.warning { + background-color: #ffe4e4; + border: 1px solid #f66; +} + +div.note { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; + display: inline; +} + +p.admonition-title:after { + content: ":"; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +table.docutils { + border: 0; +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 0; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +table.footnote td, table.footnote th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; + clear: both; +} + +dd p { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.refcount { + color: #060; +} + +dt:target, +.highlight { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +pre { + padding: 5px; + background-color: #efc; + color: #333; + border: 1px solid #ac9; + border-left: none; + border-right: none; + overflow: auto; +} + +td.linenos pre { + padding: 5px 0px; + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + margin-left: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; +} + +tt { + background-color: #ecf0f3; + padding: 0 1px 0 1px; + font-size: 0.95em; +} + +tt.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +tt.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +tt.xref, a tt { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.footnote:target { background-color: #ffa } + +h1 tt, h2 tt, h3 tt, h4 tt, h5 tt, h6 tt { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +form.comment { + margin: 0; + padding: 10px 30px 10px 30px; + background-color: #eee; +} + +form.comment h3 { + background-color: #326591; + color: white; + margin: -10px -30px 10px -30px; + padding: 5px; + font-size: 1.4em; +} + +form.comment input, +form.comment textarea { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 2px; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 100%; +} + +form.comment input[type="text"] { + width: 240px; +} + +form.comment textarea { + width: 100%; + height: 200px; + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +div.math { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +img.logo { + border: 0; +} + +/* :::: PRINT :::: */ +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0; + width : 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + div#comments div.new-comment-box, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_static/print.css b/python/python3/fr/_static/print.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb633d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_static/print.css @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +div.header, div.relnav, #toc { display: none; } +#contentwrapper { padding: 0; margin: 0; border: none; } +body { color: black; background-color: white; } +div.footer { border-top: 1px solid #888; color: #888; margin-top: 1cm; } +div.footer a { text-decoration: none; } diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_static/sphinx.png b/python/python3/fr/_static/sphinx.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6e9521 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_static/sphinx.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_static/sphinx.png.ori b/python/python3/fr/_static/sphinx.png.ori new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b0d132 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/_static/sphinx.png.ori differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_static/style.css b/python/python3/fr/_static/style.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e6238d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_static/style.css @@ -0,0 +1,389 @@ +body { + background-color: #222; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + font-family: 'Georgia', serif; + font-size: 15px; + color: #eee; +} + +div.footer { + border-top: 1px solid #111; + padding: 8px; + font-size: 11px; + text-align: center; + letter-spacing: 0.5px; +} + +div.footer a { + color: #eee; +} + +div.header { + margin: 0 -15px 0 -15px; + background: url(headerbg.png) repeat-x; + border-top: 6px solid #D20000; +} + +div.relnav { + border-bottom: 1px solid #111; + background: url(navigation.png); + margin: 0 -15px 0 -15px; + padding: 2px 20px 0 28px; + line-height: 25px; + color: #aaa; + font-size: 12px; + text-align: center; +} + +div.relnav a { + color: #eee; + font-weight: bold; + text-decoration: none; +} + +div.relnav a:hover { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +#content { + background-color: white; + color: #111; + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + background: url(watermark.png) center 0; + padding: 0 15px 0 15px; + margin: 0; +} + +h1 { + margin: 0; + padding: 15px 0 0 0; +} + +h1.heading { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + height: 80px; +} + +h1.heading:hover { + background: #222; +} + +h1.heading a { + background: url(jinjabanner.png) no-repeat center 0; + display: block; + width: 100%; + height: 80px; +} + +h1.heading a:focus { + -moz-outline: none; + outline: none; +} + +h1.heading span { + display: none; +} + +#jinjalogo { + background-image: url(jinjalogo.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + width: 400px; + height: 160px; +} + +#contentwrapper { + max-width: 680px; + padding: 0 18px 20px 18px; + margin: 0 auto 0 auto; + border-right: 1px solid #eee; + border-left: 1px solid #eee; + background: url(watermark_blur.png) center -114px; +} + +#contentwrapper h2, +#contentwrapper h2 a { + color: #222; + font-size: 24px; + margin: 20px 0 0 0; +} + +#contentwrapper h3, +#contentwrapper h3 a { + color: #b41717; + font-size: 20px; + margin: 20px 0 0 0; +} + +table.docutils { + border-collapse: collapse; + border: 2px solid #aaa; + margin: 0.5em 1.5em 0.5em 1.5em; +} + +table.docutils td { + padding: 2px; + border: 1px solid #ddd; +} + +p, li, dd, dt, blockquote { + color: #333; +} + +blockquote { + margin: 10px 0 10px 20px; +} + +p { + line-height: 20px; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +hr { + border-top: 1px solid #ccc; + border-bottom: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-top: 20px; +} + +dl { + margin-left: 10px; +} + +li, dt { + margin-top: 5px; +} + +dt { + font-weight: bold; + color: #000; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 10px; + line-height: 20px; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding: 3px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +a { + color: #b41717; +} + +a:hover { + color: #444; +} + +pre { + background: #ededed url(metal.png); + border-top: 1px solid #ccc; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 5px; + font-size: 13px; + font-family: 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Monaco', monospace; +} + +tt { + font-size: 13px; + font-family: 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Monaco', monospace; + color: black; + padding: 1px 2px 1px 2px; + background-color: #fafafa; + border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; +} + +a.reference:hover tt { + border-bottom-color: #aaa; +} + +cite { + /* abusing , it's generated by ReST for `x` */ + font-size: 13px; + font-family: 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Monaco', monospace; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: normal; +} + +div.admonition { + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; + padding: 10px 10px 10px 60px; + border: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +div.admonition p.admonition-title { + background-color: #b41717; + color: white; + margin: -10px -10px 10px -60px; + padding: 4px 10px 4px 10px; + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 15px; +} + +div.admonition p.admonition-title a { + color: white!important; +} + +div.admonition-note { + background: url(note.png) no-repeat 10px 40px; +} + +div.admonition-implementation { + background: url(implementation.png) no-repeat 10px 40px; +} + +a.headerlink { + color: #B4B4B4!important; + font-size: 0.8em; + padding: 0 4px 0 4px; + text-decoration: none!important; + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +a.headerlink:hover { + background-color: #B4B4B4; + color: #F0F0F0!important; +} + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + vertical-align: top; + width: 50%; +} + +table.indextable dl dd { + font-size: 11px; +} + +table.indextable dl dd a { + color: #000; +} + +dl.function dt, +dl.class dt, +dl.exception dt, +dl.method dt, +dl.attribute dt { + font-weight: normal; +} + +dt .descname { + font-weight: bold; + margin-right: 4px; +} + +dt .descname, dt .descclassname { + padding: 0; + background: transparent; + border-bottom: 1px solid #111; +} + +dt .descclassname { + margin-left: 2px; +} + +dl dt big { + font-size: 100%; +} + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 30px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + margin: 10px 0 0 0; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search div.context { + font-size: 12px; + padding: 4px 0 0 20px; + color: #888; +} + +span.highlight { + background-color: #eee; + border: 1px solid #ccc; +} + +#toc { + margin: 0 -17px 0 -17px; + display: none; +} + +#toc h3 { + float: right; + margin: 5px 5px 0 0; + padding: 0; + font-size: 12px; + color: #777; +} + +#toc h3:hover { + color: #333; + cursor: pointer; +} + +.expandedtoc { + background: #222 url(darkmetal.png); + border-bottom: 1px solid #111; + outline-bottom: 1px solid #000; + padding: 5px; +} + +.expandedtoc h3 { + color: #aaa; + margin: 0!important; +} + +.expandedtoc h3:hover { + color: white!important; +} + +#tod h3:hover { + color: white; +} + +#toc a { + color: #ddd; + text-decoration: none; +} + +#toc a:hover { + color: white; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +#toc ul { + margin: 5px 0 12px 17px; + padding: 0 7px 0 7px; +} + +#toc ul ul { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +#toc ul li { + margin: 2px 0 0 0; +} diff --git a/python/python3/fr/_templates/layout.html b/python/python3/fr/_templates/layout.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d49988e --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/_templates/layout.html @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +{% extends "!layout.html" %} + +{% block rootrellink %} + Programmation python » +{% endblock %} + +{% block relbar1 %} +
+
+logo + +

    Programmation python

+
+
+{{ super() }} +{% endblock %} + +{% block sidebar1 %} +

 

+{% endblock %} + +{% block sidebar2 %} +
+ {{ _('Search') }} |   + + +
+{% endblock %} + + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/classes.txt b/python/python3/fr/classes.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ba2268 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/classes.txt @@ -0,0 +1,452 @@ +Définir et manipuler des classes +================================= + +.. glossary:: + + objet + + Un object est une entité possédant un type, un état, et un comportement. + Un object correspondant généralement à une entité du monde réel, mais + cette entité peut être abstraite. + On parle aussi d'**instance**. + +**état d'un objet** : ensemble de propriétés auxquelles sont associées des +valeurs. + +Les variables de l'objet sont appelées des **attributs**. +le comportement d'un :term:`objet` : + +- des actions effectuées sur l'objet +- des appels faits sur l'objet + +envois de messages à l'objet = appel de **méthodes** + +programmation objet (première approche) +----------------------------------------- + + +- le type et le protocole d'un objet sont définis par sa classe +- une classe possède un ensemble d'attributs et de méthodes + +deux relations possibles +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + +.. glossary:: + + heritage + + relation "est une espèce de " utilisée entre une classe et une autre classe + + instantiation + + relation "est une instance de " entre un objet et une classe + + +- est une instance de (objets par rapport à classe) +- est une espèce de (classe par rapport à classe, :term:`heritage`) + +**instance** + +- définition d'une classe +- instance de classe : on peut créer des objets à partir d'un type "classe" + (une classe est instanciable) + +>>> class A: +... pass +... +>>> a = A() + +:term:`heritage` : notation en python + +>>> class A: pass +... +>>> class B(A): pass +... +>>> b = B() +>>> type(b) == B +>>> isinstance(b, A) == True + +possibilité en python d'héritage multiple:: + + class A(B, C): pass + + +attribut d'objets et de classes +---------------------------------- + +>>> o = object() +>>> o + +>>> class C(object): pass +... +>>> class C: pass +... +>>> c = C() +>>> c.a = 3 +>>> c.a +3 +>>> vars(c) +{'a': 3} +>>> c.__dict__ +{'a': 3} +>>> C.__dict__ +{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None} +>>> C.c = 5 +>>> C.__dict__ +{'c': 5, '__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None} +>>> c.c +5 +>>> c.z = 3 +>>> c.z +3 +>>> c.__dict__ +{'a': 3, 'z': 3} +>>> C.__dict__ +{'c': 5, '__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None} +>>> class MaKlass: +... def unefonction(self, x): +... print x +... +>>> MaKlass.__dict__ +{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'unefonction': } +>>> k = MaKlass() +>>> k.__dict__ +{} +>>> def autrefonc(self, x) + File "", line 1 + def autrefonc(self, x) + ^ +SyntaxError: invalid syntax +>>> def autrefonc(self, x): +... print x +... +>>> k.autrefonc = autrefonc +>>> k.__dict__ +{'autrefonc': } +>>> MaKlass.__dict__ +{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, 'unefonction': } +>>> MaKlass.unefonction(k, "toto") +toto +>>> k.unefonction("toto") +toto +>>> k.__dict__ +{'autrefonc': } +>>> MaKlass.toto = "test" +>>> k.__dict__ +{'autrefonc': } +>>> k.toto +'test' +>>> + + +le __dict__ avec l'héritage de classe +------------------------------------------- + + +>>> class A(object): pass +... +>>> A.__dict__ +dict_proxy({'__dict__': , '__module__': '__main__', '__weakref__': , '__doc__': None}) +>>> class B(A): +... b = 3 +... +>>> class C(B): +... c = 2 +... +>>> c = C() +>>> o = C() +>>> o.__dict__ +{} +>>> o.c +2 +>>> o.b +3 +>>> o.__class__ + +>>> o.__class__.__dict__ +dict_proxy({'__module__': '__main__', 'c': 2, '__doc__': None}) +>>> + + +method resolution object +----------------------------- + +>>> class A(object): pass +... +>>> A.__mro__ +(, ) +>>> class B(A): pass +... +>>> B.__mro__ +(, , ) +>>> class C(A, B): pass +... +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases + Cannot create a consistent method resolution +order (MRO) for bases A, B +>>> + + +introspection contre encapsulation +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +voir un objet comme un espace de nommage. C'est plus **agile**. + +attributs et méthodes vus comme des ajouts dans l'espace de nommage + +>>> a.a = 2 +>>> def function(x): +... print x +... +>>> a.f = function +>>> a.f("hello") +hello +>>> + + +la nécessité d'un design objet +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +affichage d'une calculette, il faut créer un type `Touche` +qui contient deux désignations : `Chiffre` et `operation`:: + + type operation = Plus | Moins | Divise + type touche = Chiffre of int | Memoire | Op of operation + +soit, on définit un type touche, soit on ne définit pas ce type:: + + type operation = Plus | Moins | Divise + type memoire = Memoire + type chiffre = Chiffre + +- les structures de données (int, str, list, dict...) : types de base +- les structures de données utilisateur : les classes ! + +.. function:: type (objname) + + :param objname: l'objet dont on veut connaître le type + +Manipulations sur les classes et les objets +--------------------------------------------- + +En python un type et une classe c'est la même chose. Une classe +est un type standard. En python tout est objet, et tout provient d'un seul objet +(qui s'appelle ``object``). + +- encapsulation (cacher les attributs (variables d'état)) d'un objet. + +- interfaces : chaque aspect d'une classe peut être vu comme une interface. + +Une interface décrit un ensemble de comportements. +on peut considérer une interface comme un protocole d'utilisation d'un objet +dans un contexte donné. + +on peut alors créer des outils qui sauront traiter n'importe quel objet +pourvu qu'il respecte une ensemble d'interfaces. + +.. todo:: travailler l'héritage, l'aggrégation, la délégation + +Voici un exemple de classe `Voiture` : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + :pyobject: Voiture + +j'instancie ma classe `Voiture` : + +>>> ma_voiture = Voiture("ma_marque", "150km/h") +>>> ma_voiture.roule() +'vroummm' +>>> ma_voiture.signaletique() +'constructeur : ma_marque, vitesse_max 150km/h' + +.. todo:: faire des traitements dans l'init + +- héritage (est une sorte de) +- polymorphisme : un objet apparait comme une instance d'une classe parente + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + :pyobject: Turbo + +>>> v = DoDoche("marque", 160) +>>> v.get_prix() +'7000' +>>> isinstance(v, Prix) +True +>>> + +mais l'objet conserve son identité : + +>>> type(v) + + +la fonction ``achete_voiture()`` sera appelée indépendamment du type de l'objet, +du moment que l'objet a une méthode `get_prix()`, c'est le duck typing, qu'il +est préférable de ramener au polymorphisme d'objet, ou bien utiliser les :mod:`abc` +(abstract base classes). + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + :pyobject: achete_voiture + +tout le code : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/heritage.py + +:download:`télécharger le code ` + +- **l'aggrégation** + +un attribut est lui-même un objet (ce qui est fréquent en python)... + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/aggregation.py + +- **la délégation** + +la fonction "property" est un élément du design de python lui-même + +.. function:: property() + +les patrons de conception +--------------------------- + +- le patron **factory** + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/patrons.py + +:download:`télécharger usine (factory) ` + +- le patron **wrapper** + +:download:`télécharger wrapper ` + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/wrap.py + +exemple d'utilisation de `Wrap()` + +>>> class O: +... pass +... +>>> o = O() +>>> o.a = "blah" +>>> +>>> from wrap import Wrap +>>> w = Wrap("monwrap", o) +>>> w._name +'monwrap' +>>> w._w +<__main__.O instance at 0x7fbf177aaa28> +>>> w._w.a +'blah' +>>> w.a +'blah' +>>> w.u +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + File "wrap.py", line 11, in __getattr__ + return getattr(self._w, name) +AttributeError: O instance has no attribute 'u' +>>> + +- le patron de conception **itérable** + +:download:`télécharger iterable ` + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/iterable.py + +- le patron **decorateur** + +:download:`télécharger decorateur ` + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/decorateur.py + +>>> def deco(func): +... func.attr = 'decorated' +... return func +... +>>> @deco +... def f(): pass +... +>>> f.attr +'decorated' +>>> + +autre exemple : les méthodes statiques + +>>> class A(object): +... @staticmethod +... def my_class_method(cls): +... # do stuff here + + +métaclasses +----------------- + +>>> class A: +... pass +... +>>> type(A) + +>>> class B(object): pass +... +>>> type(B) + +>>> help(type) + +>>> C = type('C', (), {}) +>>> C + +>>> + +>>> type(object) + +>>> type(type) + +>>> isinstance(type, object) +True +>>> isinstance(object, type) +True +>>> + +:: + + class MaMetaClasse(type): + """Exemple d'une métaclasse.""" + def __new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict): + """Création de notre classe.""" + print("On crée la classe {}".format(nom)) + return type.__new__(metacls, nom, bases, dict) + + class MaClasse(object): + __metaclass__ = MaMetaClasse + + +exemple : forcer l'implémentation d'un singleton avec les métaclasses + +:: + + class Singleton(type): + instance = None + def __call__(cls, *args, **kw): + if not cls.instance: + cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kw) + return cls.instance + + class ASingleton(object): + __metaclass__ = Singleton + + a = ASingleton() + b = ASingleton() + assert a is b + print(a.__class__.__name__, b.__class__.__name__) + + class BSingleton(object): + __metaclass__ = Singleton + + c = BSingleton() + d = BSingleton() + assert c is d + print(c.__class__.__name__, d.__class__.__name__) + assert c is not a + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/conf.py b/python/python3/fr/conf.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ee4cd0 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/conf.py @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# +# python documentation build configuration file, created by +# sphinx-quickstart on Mon Oct 29 15:39:07 2012. +# +# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir. +# +# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this +# autogenerated file. +# +# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out +# serve to show the default. + +import sys, os + +# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, +# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the +# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. +#sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) + +# -- General configuration ----------------------------------------------------- + +# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here. +#needs_sphinx = '1.0' + +# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions +# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones. +extensions = ['sphinx.ext.todo', 'sphinx.ext.viewcode'] + +# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. +templates_path = ['_templates'] + +# The suffix of source filenames. +source_suffix = '.txt' + +# The encoding of source files. +#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig' + +# The master toctree document. +master_doc = 'index' + +# General information about the project. +project = u'Formation Python' +copyright = u'2015, cadoles (www.cadoles.com)' + +# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for +# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the +# built documents. +# +# The short X.Y version. +version = '1' +# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. +release = '1' + +# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation +# for a list of supported languages. +language = 'fr' + +# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some +# non-false value, then it is used: +#today = '' +# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call. +#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y' + +# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and +# directories to ignore when looking for source files. +exclude_patterns = ['_build'] + +# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents. +#default_role = None + +# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text. +#add_function_parentheses = True + +# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description +# unit titles (such as .. function::). +#add_module_names = True + +# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the +# output. They are ignored by default. +#show_authors = False + +# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. +pygments_style = 'sphinx' + +# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting. +#modindex_common_prefix = [] + + +# -- Options for HTML output --------------------------------------------------- + +# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for +# a list of builtin themes. +html_theme = 'default' + +# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme +# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the +# documentation. +#html_theme_options = {} + +# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory. +#html_theme_path = [] + +# The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to +# " v documentation". +#html_title = None + +# A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title. +#html_short_title = None + +# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top +# of the sidebar. +#html_logo = None + +# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the +# docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32 +# pixels large. +#html_favicon = None + +# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, +# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, +# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". +html_static_path = ['_static'] + +# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom, +# using the given strftime format. +#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y' + +# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to +# typographically correct entities. +#html_use_smartypants = True + +# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names. +#html_sidebars = {} + +# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to +# template names. +#html_additional_pages = {} + +# If false, no module index is generated. +#html_domain_indices = True + +# If false, no index is generated. +#html_use_index = True + +# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter. +#html_split_index = False + +# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages. +#html_show_sourcelink = True + +# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. +#html_show_sphinx = True + +# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. +#html_show_copyright = True + +# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will +# contain a tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the +# base URL from which the finished HTML is served. +#html_use_opensearch = '' + +# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml"). +#html_file_suffix = None + +# Output file base name for HTML help builder. +htmlhelp_basename = 'pythondoc' + + +# -- Options for LaTeX output -------------------------------------------------- + +latex_elements = { +# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper'). +#'papersize': 'letterpaper', + +# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). +#'pointsize': '10pt', + +# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. +#'preamble': '', +} + +# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples +# (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]). +latex_documents = [ + ('index', 'python.tex', u'Formation Python', + u'Gwen', 'manual'), +] + +# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of +# the title page. +#latex_logo = None + +# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts, +# not chapters. +#latex_use_parts = False + +# If true, show page references after internal links. +#latex_show_pagerefs = False + +# If true, show URL addresses after external links. +#latex_show_urls = False + +# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. +#latex_appendices = [] + +# If false, no module index is generated. +#latex_domain_indices = True + + +# -- Options for manual page output -------------------------------------------- + +# One entry per manual page. List of tuples +# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). +man_pages = [ + ('index', 'python', u'python Documentation', + [u'gwen'], 1) +] + +# If true, show URL addresses after external links. +#man_show_urls = False + + +# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------ + +# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples +# (source start file, target name, title, author, +# dir menu entry, description, category) +texinfo_documents = [ + ('index', 'python', u'python Documentation', + u'gwen', 'python', 'One line description of project.', + 'Miscellaneous'), +] + +# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. +#texinfo_appendices = [] + +# If false, no module index is generated. +#texinfo_domain_indices = True + +# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'. +#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote' + +todo_include_todos = True diff --git a/python/python3/fr/docutils.txt b/python/python3/fr/docutils.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d938b09 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/docutils.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Sphinx et docutils +===================== + +Docutils +------------ + +Il y a des librairies de bas niveau qui permettent de générer de l'odt, je pense à pyUNO, ou bien ezodf_ + +.. _ezodf: https://pythonhosted.org/ezodf/ + +A l'opposé, il y a des librairies de très haut niveau intégré à des chaînes de documentation avec des sources en xml, des modèles documentaires, des chartes graphiques, etc. Par exemple, scenari_ + +.. _scenari: http://scenari-platform.org/projects/scenari/fr/pres/co/ + +Un juste milieu est la très intéressante librairie docutils_ : + +.. _docutils: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ + +Il s'agit d'une libairie python très utilisée dans le monde python (par exemple, la documentation officielle python est rédigée en `syntaxe docutils`_). + +.. _`syntaxe docutils` : http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/index.html + +C'est une `syntaxe wiki`_ assez puissante, un sur-ensemble de la très connue syntaxe markdown. + +.. _`syntaxe wiki`: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/rst/quickref.html + +Pour l'installer:: + + apt-get install python-docutils + +Il y a plusieurs utilitaires : ``rst2html``, ``rst2*``, l'utilitaire que je te conseille est : ``rst2odt``. + +Pour l'usage de `rst2odt`_ c'est simple, on part d'un fichier texte formaté en restructured text:: + + rst2odt fichier.txt > fichier.odt + +Et voilà simple, pratique, efficace. + +.. _`rst2odt`: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/user/odt.html + +C'est l'outil que nous utilisons en priorité. Voici un exemple d'usage avancé avec l'utilisation d'un modèle:: + + rst2odt --create-links --file-insertion-enabled --raw-enabled --endnotes-end-doc \ + --stylesheet=styles/styles.odt --custom-odt-footer="XXXREMPLACEHEADERXXX" \ + DossierCommercial.rst > DossierCommercial.odt + +La documentation technique +----------------------------- + +L'outil sphinx_ + +.. _sphinx: http://sphinx-doc.org/ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/exceptions.txt b/python/python3/fr/exceptions.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..386413b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/exceptions.txt @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +Le style de programmation par exceptions +======================================== + +.. glossary:: + + Exception + + Les exceptions permettent de récupérer des situations où le calcul ne peut pas se poursuivre. + Dans ces cas, un récupérateur d'exceptions permet de continuer le calcul + sachant qu'une des branches a échoué. + + +Exemple d':term:`exception` + +>>> assert 2 == 1 +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +AssertionError + + + +La règle du samouraï +---------------------- + +.. important:: règle du Samouraï : une fonction doit renvoyer le résultat escompté + ou bien lever une exception + + +>>> def function_raise(x): +... if not type(x) == int: +... raise TypeError("Pas le bon type") +... else: +... return x + 1 +... +>>> try: +... e = function_raise("une string") +... except TypeError, e: +... print e +... +Pas le bon type +>> + +- la fonction doit renvoyer des valeurs du même type (ou bien ``None``) +- la fonction doit lever une exception appropriée + + +utiliser la pile d'appel pour débugger +--------------------------------------- + +Utiliser la pile d'appels, elle se lit de bas en haut. Il est possible de +provoquer cette pile d'appels. + +:: + + import traceback + traceback.print_exc() + +.. todo:: s'exercer à lire une pile d'appels un peu complexe. + + +Traiter une exception avec + +:: + + try: + ... + except: + import traceback + traceback.print_exc() + + else: + bla bla + finally: + bla bla + +.. attention:: ne **jamais** briser la pile d'appels sans savoir précisément + ce que l'on fait, et remonter une autre exception + +Exemple : + + +>>> def function(x): +... if x == 1: raise TypeError("pas le bon type") +... else: return "ok" +... +>>> def function2(x): +... try: +... return "c'est " + function(x) +... except TypeError, e: +... raise AssertionError("on a une autre exception là") +... +>>> try: +... function2(1) +... except Exception, e: +... print e +... +on a une autre exception là +>>> + +Le raise (ou le re-raise) est souvent utilisé pour lever une exception métier +et cacher une exception système de bas niveau. + +exemple:: + + try: + add_s(dn, listdata) + except ldap.LDAPError, err: + raise MyOwnError(msg + str(err)) + except Exception: + pass + +.. todo:: dans quel cas entrons-nous dans le `else` ? dans le `finally` ? + +.. todo:: créer des exceptions métier + +exemple d'exceptions *dans la vraie vie*:: + + "user defined exceptions" + + + # Exceptions for an Option + class PropertiesOptionError(AttributeError): + "attempt to access to an option with a property that is not allowed" + def __init__(self, msg, proptype): + self.proptype = proptype + super(PropertiesOptionError, self).__init__(msg) + + + #____________________________________________________________ + # Exceptions for a Config + class ConfigError(Exception): + """attempt to change an option's owner without a value + or in case of `_cfgimpl_descr` is None + or if a calculation cannot be carried out""" + pass + + + class ContextError(Exception): + """context needed but not given + """ + pass + + + class ConflictError(Exception): + "duplicate options are present in a single config" + pass + + + #____________________________________________________________ + # miscellaneous exceptions + class RequirementError(Exception): + """a recursive loop occurs in the requirements tree + requires + """ + pass + + + class SlaveError(Exception): + "problem with a slave's value length" + pass + + + class ConstError(TypeError): + "no uniq value in _NameSpace" + pass + +Créer le plus possible ses propres exceptions spécifiques au programme +La programmation par exception peut vite devenir un style de programmation +très utilisé. C'est assez agréable mais le réserver pour la gestion d'une situation +particulière, que ça reste une intervention pour les cas non gérés par le programme +(en général). + +Les exceptions imbriquées +-------------------------------- + +>>> try: +... ma_func() +... except TypeError, e: +... do_something() +... except Exception, e: +... do_somethin_else() +... + +Exemple de programme utilisant massivement la programmation par exceptions : +`tiramisu`_ + +.. _tiramisu: http://tiramisu.labs.libre-entreprise.org/ + + +La hiérarchie des exceptions +----------------------------- + +Extrait de la documentation officielle:: + + BaseException + +-- SystemExit + +-- KeyboardInterrupt + +-- GeneratorExit + +-- Exception + +-- StopIteration + +-- StandardError + | +-- BufferError + | +-- ArithmeticError + | | +-- FloatingPointError + | | +-- OverflowError + | | +-- ZeroDivisionError + | +-- AssertionError + | +-- AttributeError + | +-- EnvironmentError + | | +-- IOError + | | +-- OSError + | | +-- WindowsError (Windows) + | | +-- VMSError (VMS) + | +-- EOFError + | +-- ImportError + | +-- LookupError + | | +-- IndexError + | | +-- KeyError + | +-- MemoryError + | +-- NameError + | | +-- UnboundLocalError + | +-- ReferenceError + | +-- RuntimeError + | | +-- NotImplementedError + | +-- SyntaxError + | | +-- IndentationError + | | +-- TabError + | +-- SystemError + | +-- TypeError + | +-- ValueError + | +-- UnicodeError + | +-- UnicodeDecodeError + | +-- UnicodeEncodeError + | +-- UnicodeTranslateError + +-- Warning + +-- DeprecationWarning + +-- PendingDeprecationWarning + +-- RuntimeWarning + +-- SyntaxWarning + +-- UserWarning + +-- FutureWarning + +-- ImportWarning + +-- UnicodeWarning + +-- BytesWarning diff --git a/python/python3/fr/exercices.txt b/python/python3/fr/exercices.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e490b0a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/exercices.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Liste des exercices +-------------------- + +Voici la liste des liens vers les différents exercices de la formation. + + +.. todolist:: + + +exercices à faire +-------------------- + +- implémenter un script qui lit les arguments de la ligne de commande et qui les écrit sur la sortie standard +- implémenter les sous-classes de shape point et cercle, calculer le périmètre. +- itérer sur une liste et récupérer la valeur maximum de cette liste (la fonction builtin *max*) + + +>>> a = [3,8,3,5,9,1,4] +>>> max(a) +9 diff --git a/python/python3/fr/getting-started.txt b/python/python3/fr/getting-started.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38ccd33 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/getting-started.txt @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +.. default-role :: literal + +Prise en main +============== + +L'objectif de ce cours est de vous apprendre à programmer en +:term:`python`. Ce cours a été fait avec :term:`sphinx`, l'outil de +gestion de documentation en python utilisé pour documenter python lui-même. + +Pour plus d'information : :doc:`docutils` + +Avec python : + +- vous n'avez pas grand chose à savoir pour arriver à faire beaucoup de choses, + +- vous allez pouvoir travailler de manière + + - entièrement autonome + - rapide + - agile (au sens des méthodes agiles) + +- vous allez progresser rapidement + +- aucune connaissance préalable en programmation n'est requise + +- le hello world en une ligne:: + + python -c "print 'hello'" + +- rendre un fichier exécutable et ajouter le she bang:: + + #!/usr/bin/env python + print "hello" + +.. note:: lorsqu'on lance python sur un programme, des fichiers + avec une extension `.pyc` apparaissent. + +.. glossary:: + + python + + python_ est un langage de programmation généraliste, libre, totalement + orienté objet, dynamiquement typé, semi-interprété ou, pour certaines + utilisations optimisées, compilé ou compilé à la volée (JIT). + + sphinx + + sphinx_ est un outil de documentation utilisant la syntaxe wiki + docutils_ + +- lorsqu'on lance python sans spécifier de nom de fichier, c'est l'interpréteur + python qui est lancé (le "prompt") + + +En python, le dicton le plus répandu est "there must be an obvious way +to do it", (il y a certainement une manière évidente de le faire en +python), ``import this`` permet de se remémorer les +dictons de python. Ce dicton est très différent de l'approche du perl +par exemple, qui présuppose : "there is more than one way to do it", +c'est-à-dire que en gros en perl, on peut le faire n'importe comment, +mais pas en python, enfin en python c'est pas conseillé de le faire à sa +sauce, il y a en général une bonne pratique à découvrir et à mettre en place. + +Taper "python" dans votre console + +:: + + >>> print "hello world" + hello world + +:: + + >>> import this + + Beautiful is better than ugly. + Explicit is better than implicit. + Simple is better than complex. + Complex is better than complicated. + + ... + +.. seealso:: + + les modules, :ref:`namespaces` et la librairie standard + :doc:`stdlib` + +pour avoir de l'aide, taper dans le prompt : + +>>> help(function) + +Le bon réflexe de chercher ce qui est le plus répandu et le plus utilisé est le +bon en python : on dit que python est livré "batteries included", ce qui +signifie que lorsqu'on a un besoin précis il faut chercher dans la librairie +standard python, puis dans les librairies les plus utilisées en python, puis en +dernier... le reste, ce qui est disponible. Mais si une librairie connue ne +fait pas exactement ce qui est attendu et qu'une libraire inconnue du bataillon +fait exactement ce qui est attendu, (et a l'air de fonctionner +correctement...), alors il faut choisir la libraire inconnue au bataillon. + + +usage de python +------------------ + +à peu près tous les domaines de l'informatique, du scripting système à la génération +de pdf en passant par le développement web et le développement rapide d'applications. + + +exemple : web server + +pour créer un serveur web simplement:: + + python -m server.http 8000 localhost + +exemple : utiliser python pour faire un fichier de conf + +:: + + spam = "eggs" + actions = [ + ('call_view', 'com.next') + ] + + +.. _python: http://www.python.org +.. _sphinx: http://sphinx.pocoo.org +.. _docutils: http://docutils.sf.net diff --git a/python/python3/fr/images/DocPython.png b/python/python3/fr/images/DocPython.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fdd85d6 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/images/DocPython.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/images/ModuleIndex.png b/python/python3/fr/images/ModuleIndex.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad02a49 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/fr/images/ModuleIndex.png differ diff --git a/python/python3/fr/index.txt b/python/python3/fr/index.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f20199 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/index.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + +Apprentissage de la programmation avec python +---------------------------------------------- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + getting-started + settings + type + structures + testsunitaires + docutils + +Programmation python, connaissances de base +-------------------------------------------- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 2 + + classes + prompt + specialmethods + exceptions + DesignPatterns + stdlib + +Récapitulatifs de la formation +--------------------------------- + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + exercices + +Index et recherche +------------------- + +* :ref:`genindex` +* :ref:`modindex` +* :ref:`search` diff --git a/python/python3/fr/prompt.txt b/python/python3/fr/prompt.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4dc3735 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/prompt.txt @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +Interactions avec l'utilisateur +=============================== + +les prompts +-------------- + +`raw_input` ou `input` + +(raw_input renvoie une string, input essayes d'évaluer, soyez prudent...) + +>>> from subprocess import call +>>> filename = input("quel fichier voulez-vous afficher ?\n") +>>> call("cat " + filename, shell=True) + +.. _cmdlabel: + +le module :mod:`cmd` et les interpréteurs +-------------------------------------------- + +le monde des interpréteur ligne de commande... + +Peu après l'âge de bronze vint le temps de l'interpréteur ligne de commande, +c'est-à-dire quelque chose de plus spécifique que **l'application ligne de commande**, +ou que l'utilitaire ligne de commande. + + +Un interpréteur ligne de commande est un programme qui : + +- est forcément plein texte +- vous donne un prompt +- prends toutes ses entrées d'un coup +- produit une sortie (typiquement des lignes de texte) +- vous redonne un prompt + +Le shell unix est un bon exemple d'interpréteur ligne de commande. + +Un utilitaire ligne de commande est un programme unix-like qui prend toutes +les entrées d'un coup, et qui vous renvoie une sortie d'un coup. + +le module :mod:`cmd` : exemple d'utilisation + +.. module:: cmd + :synopsis: interpréteur ligne de commande + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/cli.py + +:download:`telecharger cmd ` + +:: + + >>> from cli import Cli + >>> prompt = Cli() + >>> prompt.cmdloop() + cli (command line interpreter) + (type help or ? for commands list) + #Prompt> ? + + Documented commands (type help ): + ========================================== + EOF exit + + Undocumented commands: + ====================== + cmd help quit + + #Prompt> + +pour ajouter une commande, utiliser simplement l'héritage:: + + >>> from cli import Cli + >>> class Prompt(Cli): + ... def do_hello(self, line): + ... print "hello %s", line + ... + >>> prompt = Prompt() + >>> prompt.cmdloop() + cli (command line interpreter) + (type help or ? for commands list) + #Prompt> ? + + Documented commands (type help ): + ========================================== + EOF exit + + Undocumented commands: + ====================== + cmd hello help quit + + #Prompt> hello world + + +.. todo:: faire un petit projet d'interpréteur ligne de commande du jeu C+/C- + +lire et écrire dans un fichier +------------------------------- + +les **handle de fichier** (file handles) + + +>>> +>>> fh = file('test', 'w') +>>> fh.write('hello world') +>>> fh.close() +>>> content = file('test', 'r').read() +>>> content +'hello world' +>>> diff --git a/python/python3/fr/settings.txt b/python/python3/fr/settings.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1945551 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/settings.txt @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +Mettre en place son environnement de travail +============================================= + +Les éditeurs pour python +----------------------------- + +N'importe quel éditeur qui respecte les coding standards du pep8 convient : + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ + + +pep8_ + +.. _pep8: https://pep8.org/ + + +d'une manière générale, de base un éditeur spartiate peut convenir du moment +que l'intentation de 4 espaces est respectée et que les tablulations sont +remplacées par des espaces, car le plus important en python c'est l'indentation, +et le fait de bien voir ou est le règlage de l'encodage (ça doit être en ``utf-8``) +Pour voir si ton éditeur est bien configuré, tu prends n'importe quel fichier python +que tu as créé, puis tu faire un :: + + pep8 + +et `pep` va dire ce qui ne va pas en termes de syntaxe. + +IDLE +------ + +https://docs.python.org/2/library/idle.html + +Pour information, IDLE est un éditeur intégré (dans la lib standard de python) +mais je te le déconseille (trop spartiate). + +un framework de développement intégré : :term:`IDLE` + +.. glossary:: + + IDLE + IDLE_ est un IDE (environnement de développement intégré) mis à disposition + dans la :term:`librairie standard` de python + +.. _IDLE: http://docs.python.org/2/library/idle.html + + +nano +-------- + +pour l'exemple, avec **nano**, voici comment faire une config qui permette +de coder en python. On configure nano avec le ``.nanorc`` + +Exemple de ``.nanorc`` :: + + # replace les tabulations par 4 espaces + set tabsize 4 + set tabstospaces + # indente automatiquement + set autoindent + # la touche home renvoie en debut de code + set smarthome + # ne met pas de retour chariot a la fin d'une ligne + # si elle depasse la largeur du terminal + set nowrap + unset softwrap + + # chargement de plusieur fichiers + set multibuffer + + # coloration syntaxique + ## Python + #include "/usr/share/nano/python.nanorc" + +Gedit +--------- + +Gedit c'est très bien pour coder en python, mais de base c'est pas sur un serveur, +il faut pouvoir être en mode graphique. +Il faut règler l'indentation à 4 espaces pour respecter le pep8. +Et règler le replacement des tablulations par des espaces. +Mais surtout, très vite il faut installer les paquets additionnels, notamment +pour que gedit supprime les espaces en fin de ligne par exemple. + +Je l'utilise souvent mais il faut des plugins avec +genre ceux-ci (si tu es sur ubuntu):: + + apt-get install gedit-plugins + +dans ce paquet par exemple, l'outil pour commenter-décommenter le code est intéressant +(sélection d'un paragraphe, puis Ctrl-M) +tu peux régler après la complétion des parenthèses, etc. + +il y a aussi le paquet developer plugins : + +https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/gedit-developer-plugins/ + +Après avec les plugins gedit commence à bien tenir la route. + +Vi +---------- + +Toujours la même problématiques (espaces, tablulation...) +Donc voici une partie de ``.vimrc`` qui le fait:: + + "Pour le collage" + set pt= + set vb t_vb=" + set shiftwidth=4 + set expandtab + set ts=4 + set sw=4 + syntax on + filetype indent on + filetype plugin on + set autoindent + set hlsearch " Surligne les resultats de recherche + set wrap " Pas de retour a la ligne auto (affichage) + set showmatch " Affiche parenthese correspondante + set softtabstop=4 " Largeur d'une tabulation + "set fdm=indent " Repli selon l'indentation + +maintenant après il y a un python-mode assez avancé qui permet de faire pas mal de choses. +(valider avec la syntaxe avec pylint, valider le pep8...) +Mais il faut une config plus avancée. + + +D'une manière générale, il y a la possibilité de valider avec des outils externes (pylint, pychecker, pep8...) et il y a aussi la possibilité de valider tout ça dans un éditeur. + + +configurer son éditeur : résumé +----------------------------------- + +- les fichiers sources ont l'extension `.py` +- une instruction par ligne +- les blocs sont marqués par l'indentation (utilser 4 espaces), règler + l'éditeur pour transformer les tabulations en espaces + +configurer son prompt python +------------------------------- + +.. envvar:: PYTHONPATH + + pointe par défaut sur le répertoire courant, il est possible d'ajouter + un path + +à mettre dans votre `.bashrc` : + +:: + + export PYTHONPATH:`pwd` + + export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:'/usr/share':'/toto/titi/tata' + + alias pyenv='export PYTHONPATH=`pwd`:$PYTHONPATH' + + export PYTHONSTARTUP='/home/gwen/.pystartup' + +.. envvar:: PYTHONSTARTUP + + les trucs à mettre dans vos pytstartups (comme dans vos .bashrc) + + - autocomplétion + - affichage de l'historique + +exemple de `.pystartup` + +à télécharger ici : :download:`snippets/pystartup` + +:: + + # Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to + # it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash. + # + # Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full + # path to your home directory. + import rlcompleter + import readline + readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") + + import os + histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist") + try: + readline.read_history_file(histfile) + except IOError: + pass + + import atexit + atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) + del os, histfile + + # enhanced completion + #import rlcompleter2 + #rlcompleter2.setup() + + +Consulter la librairie standard +------------------------------------- + +.. glossary:: + + librairie standard + + Une des règles de base de python est qu'il existe certainement une manière + conseillé de faire une tâche en python. Le premier réflexe est d'aller + voir dans la `librairie standard`_ + +.. _`librairie standard`: http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/index.html + +Premier réflexe : la doc en ligne ou bien installée sur votre disque dur. + +la page d'accueil de la doc officielle python : + +.. image:: images/DocPython.png + +et surtout, une fois la librairie standard abordée, la page d'index des +modules : + +.. image:: images/ModuleIndex.png diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/aggregation.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/aggregation.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3cb9c7b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/aggregation.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +class A: + pass + +class B: + pass + +a = A() +a.b = B() diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/cli.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/cli.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f65ba3 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/cli.py @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +# -*- coding: utf8 -*- +"""Command line interpreter +""" +import cmd + +# ____________________________________________________________ +# this Cli is a model of a basic use of a simple cmd +class Cli(cmd.Cmd): + def __init__(self): + cmd.Cmd.__init__(self) + self.doc_header = "Documented commands (type help ):" + self.undoc_header = "Undocumented commands" + self.prompt = "#Prompt> " + self.intro = """cli (command line interpreter) +(type help or ? for commands list)""" + self.ruler = "-" + + def emptyline(self): + print "Type 'exit' to finish withe the session or type ? for help." + + def default(self, line): + print "unknown command prefix" + print "*** unknown syntax : %s (type 'help' for help for a list of valid commands)"%line + self.emptyline() + + def do_exit(self, line): + """Exits from the console""" + return True + + def do_quit(self, line): + return True + + def do_EOF(self, args): + """Exit on system end of file character""" + return True + +# ____________________________________________________________ +# commands pre and post actions +# def precmd(self, line): +# return line +# def postcmd(self, stop, line): +# # if there is a problem, just return True : it stops everythings +# stop = True +# return stop # quit if stop == True +# ____________________________________________________________ +# program pre and post actions +# def preloop(self): +# # action for the beginning of the program +# pass + +# def postloop(self): +# # action for the end of the program +# print "exit cli" +# ____________________________________________________________ + +class HelloCli(Cli): + + def input_hello(self, line): + return line.replace(",", " and ") + + def output_hello(self, result): + print result + + def do_hello(self, line): + self.output_hello("hello, " + self.input_hello(line)) + #return False # if you want to stay into the cli + return True # if you want to exit + +if __name__ == '__main__': + prompt = HelloCli() + prompt.cmdloop("intro, modifies Cmd.intro") + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/cmdline.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/cmdline.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d3f32a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/cmdline.py @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Module docstring. +""" + +import sys +import optparse + +def process_command_line(argv): + """ + Return a 2-tuple: (settings object, args list). + `argv` is a list of arguments, or `None` for ``sys.argv[1:]``. + """ + if argv is None: + argv = sys.argv[1:] + + # initialize the parser object: + parser = optparse.OptionParser( + formatter=optparse.TitledHelpFormatter(width=78), + add_help_option=None) + + # define options here: + parser.add_option( # customized description; put --help last + '-h', '--help', action='help', + help='Show this help message and exit.') + + settings, args = parser.parse_args(argv) + + # check number of arguments, verify values, etc.: + if args: + parser.error('program takes no command-line arguments; ' + '"%s" ignored.' % (args,)) + + # further process settings & args if necessary + + return settings, args + +def main(argv=None): + settings, args = process_command_line(argv) + # application code here, like: + # run(settings, args) + return 0 # success + +if __name__ == '__main__': + status = main() + sys.exit(status) diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/decorateur.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/decorateur.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8770886 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/decorateur.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +def helloworld(ob): + print "Hello world" + return ob + +@helloworld +def myfunc(): + print "my function" + +myfunc() +print myfunc diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/heritage.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/heritage.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db2e19b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/heritage.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +class Turbo(object): + def turbo(self): + return "VRRRRROUUUMMM" + +class Prix(object): + def get_prix(self): + raise NotImplementedError + +class Voiture(Prix, Turbo): + def __init__(self, constructeur, vitesse_max=160): + self.constructeur = constructeur + self.vitesse_max = vitesse_max + + def roule(self): + return "vroummm" + + def signaletique(self): + return "constructeur : {0}, vitesse_max {1}".format(self.constructeur, + self.vitesse_max) + +class DoDoche(Voiture): + def get_prix(self): + return "4000" + +def achete_voiture(voiture): + if not hasattr(voiture, "get_prix"): + raise TypeError("pas le bon type") + return "prix de la voiture: {0} euros".format(voiture.get_prix()) diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/iterable.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/iterable.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bce9444 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/iterable.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +liste = ['blah', 'blih', 'bluh'] +iterateur = liste.__iter__() +print iterateur.next() +print iterateur.next() +print iterateur.next() +print iterateur.next() +#Traceback (most recent call last): +# File '', line 1, in ; +#StopIteration + +class Iterateur: + i = 0 + def next(self): + if self.i <= 10: raise StopIteration + self.i += 1 + return 2**self.i + def __iter__(self): return self + +iterateur = Iterateur() +for i in iterateur: print i diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/patrons.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/patrons.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..808203b --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/patrons.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +class NotFoundError(Exception): + pass + +class MaClasse: + pass + +class MaClasseDeux: + pass + +binding = dict(un=MaClasse, deux=MaClasseDeux) + +def ma_factory(key): + if key in binding: + return binding[key]() + else: + return NotFoundError("keskece?") + + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/pystartup b/python/python3/fr/snippets/pystartup new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4a48de --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/pystartup @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Add auto-completion and a stored history file of commands to your Python +# interactive interpreter. Requires Python 2.0+, readline. Autocomplete is +# bound to the Esc key by default (you can change it - see readline docs). +# +# Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point to +# it, e.g. "export PYTHONSTARTUP=/max/home/itamar/.pystartup" in bash. +# +# Note that PYTHONSTARTUP does *not* expand "~", so you have to put in the full +# path to your home directory. +import rlcompleter +import readline +readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") + +import os +histfile = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"], ".pyhist") +try: + readline.read_history_file(histfile) +except IOError: + pass + +import atexit +atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) +del os, histfile + +# enhanced completion +#import rlcompleter2 +#rlcompleter2.setup() + diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/sorter.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/sorter.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..373d2d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/sorter.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +class Sorter: + def sort(self, list): + for i in range(len(list) - 1): + for j in range(i, len(list)): + if self.compareItems(list[i], list[j]): + list[i], list[j] = list[j], list[i] + + def getName(self): + return "Trieur de liste" + + def getDescription(self): + raise NotImplementedError + + def compareItems(self, item1, item2): + raise NotImplementedError + +class AscendantSorter(Sorter): + def compareItems(self, item1, item2): + return item1 >= item2 + def getDescription(self): + return "Tri par ordre normal" + def getName(self): + return "Ascendant" + +class DescendantSorter(Sorter): + def compareItems(self, item1, item2): + return item1 <= item2 + def getDescription(self): + return "Tri par ordre inverse" + +if __name__ == '__main__': + list = ['b', 'e', 'a', 'c', 'z'] + s = AscendantSorter() + s.sort(list) + print list + s = DescendantSorter() + s.sort(list) + print list diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/specialmethods.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/specialmethods.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88f6543 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/specialmethods.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +class Zone(object): + def __init__(self, name, level=0): + self.name = name + self.level = level + + def __add__(self, other): + return Zone(self.name + other.name, level=self.level+other.level) + + def __cmp__(self, other): + return cmp(self.level, other.level) diff --git a/python/python3/fr/snippets/wrap.py b/python/python3/fr/snippets/wrap.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a48215 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/snippets/wrap.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +class Wrap(object): + def __init__(self, name, wrap): + self.slots = ('_name', '_w') + self._name = name or "wrapped_element" + self._w = wrap + + def __getattr__(self, name): + if name in self.slots: + return getattr(self, name) + else: + return getattr(self._w, name) + +# def get_w(self, name): +# return getattr(self._w, name) + +# def set_w(self, name, value): +# return setattr(self._w, name, value) + +# _w = property (get_w, set_w) + + def __repr__(self): + return "[W_Element %s]"% repr(self._name) diff --git a/python/python3/fr/specialmethods.txt b/python/python3/fr/specialmethods.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ac4dc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/specialmethods.txt @@ -0,0 +1,250 @@ +Programmation python courante +================================ + +.. _namespaces: + +les espaces de nommage +----------------------- + +L'espace de nommage le plus courant est l'organisation en modules et en packages. + +Packages et modules:: + + package/ + __init__.py + module1.py + subpackage/ + __init__.py + module2.py + +A utilser pour organiser votre projet +Permet de minimiser les risques de conflits de nome +Permet de diminuer les entrées dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` + +:: + + import package.module1 + from package.subpackage import module2 + from package.subpackage.module2 import name + +- le fichier `__init__.py` +- `reload(module)` au prompt + +- dangereux : l'import "*", utiliser l'attribut spécial `__all__` pour l'import + sélectif + +:: + + from os import * + +lance un module en tant que script : + +:: + + if __name__ == "__main__": + main() + +Organisation modulaire + +- construire des composants élémentaires +- combiner ces composants +- utiliser une structure pyramidale : les composants sont les éléments de + composants plus complexes. + + +- découplage de l'ensemble en composants indépendants (gros programmes réalisables) +- donner de la structure (rendre les gros programmes compréhensibles) +- spécifier les liens entre les composants (rendre les programmes maintenables) +- identifier les sous-composants indépendants (rendre les programmes réutilisables) +- forcer l'abstraction (augmenter la sureté du programme) + +modules chargés et modules importés +-------------------------------------- + +Les modules susceptibles d'être chargés sont dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`. +Mais comment peut-on savoir ou ils sont physiquement (sur le disque dur) ? + +.. envvar:: `sys.modules` + +>>> 'twisted' in sys.modules +False +>>> import twisted +>>> 'twisted' in sys.modules +True +>>> sys.modules['twisted'] + +>>> + +.. attention:: un module présent dans `sys.modules` n'est pas forcément importé + dans l'espace de nommage usuel. Il faut importer le module pour + pouvoir l'utiliser. + +>>> sys.modules['email'] + +>>> dir(email) +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +NameError: name 'email' is not defined +>>> + +Pour récupérer le chemin du module + +.. code-block:: python + + print(os.path.abspath(.__file__)) + +Pour importer un module qui n'est pas dans le `sys.path` + + +.. code-block:: python + + fch = open('/path/to/mymodule/custom.py', 'r') + my_module = imp.load_module('dhcp_custom', fch, '/path/to/mymodule.py', ('.py', 'U', 1)) + +Connaître la version d'un module +------------------------------------- + +Exemple : le module ``datetime`` + +C'est suivant la version de python car c'est la librairie standard. + +Sinon, en général il y a un attribut __version__ + +>>> import sqlalchemy +>>> sqlalchemy.__version__ +'0.9.8' +>>> + + +Les méthodes spéciales +----------------------- + +méthodes spéciales correspondants aux interfaces des types de bases : + +.. function:: __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + le constructeur de l'instance d'objet + +.. function:: __add__(self, other) + + correspond à la notation `+` + +exemple : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/specialmethods.py + +>>> from specialmethods import * +>>> z = Zone("titi", 10) +>>> z2 = Zone("tutu", 40) +>>> z > z2 +False +>>> z + z2 + +>>> z3 = z + z2 +>>> z3.name +'tititutu' +>>> z3.level +50 +>>> + +Attributs et accesseurs +--------------------------- + +python est un langage à attributs, c'est-à-dire que le protocole d'accès +aux attributs est règlable. + +>>> class C(object): +... classattr = "a class attribute" +... +>>> cobj = C() +>>> cobj.classattr +'a class attribute' +>>> cobj.insattr = "an instance attribute" +>>> cobj.insattr +'an instance attribute' +>>> C.__dict__['classattr'] +'a class attribute' +>>> cobj.__dict__['insattr'] +'an instance attribute' + +les attributs ne sont pas systématiquement encapsulées en python. + +pour contrôler l'accès aux attributs, on utilise les méthodes spéciales:: + + __getattr__(self, name) + + __setattr__(self, name, value) + + class AnObject(object): + ...... + def __setattr__(self, name, val): + if name == 'src': #do something + # this will assign the real object.name, + #despite __setattr__ + self.__dict__[name]=val + def __getattr__(self, name): + # ... + try: + func = getattr(obj, "method") + except AttributeError: + ... deal with missing method ... + else: + result = func(args) + + func = getattr(obj, "method", None) + if callable(func): + func(args) + +- un **attribut** spécial : `__slots__` + +permet de fixer les attributs possibles d'une classe + +:: + + >>> class Bar(object): + ... __slots__ = ("a","b","c") + ... + >>> b = Bar() + >>> b.a = "toto" + >>> b.a + 'toto' + >>> b.d = "titi" + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in ? + AttributeError: 'Bar' object has no attribute 'd' + +les slots +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +.. important:: l'encapsulation n'est pas une condition de base de la programmation + par objects, surtout que le contrôle nuit à l'agilité. + +>>> class Point(object): +... __slots__ = 'x', 'y' +... +>>> p = Point() +>>> p.x = 2 +>>> p.y = 3 +>>> p.z = 4 +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +AttributeError: 'Point' object has no attribute 'z' +>>> + +- notation `|` et notation `>` + +:: + + class Test: + nombre = 1 + def __or__(self, other): + return self.nombre + other.nombre + + def __lshift__(self, other): + self.nombre = self.nombre + other.nombre + + t1 = Test() + t2 = Test() + t2.nombre = 2 + print t1 | t2 + t1 << t2 + print t1.nombre diff --git a/python/python3/fr/stdlib.txt b/python/python3/fr/stdlib.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98a9b6f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/stdlib.txt @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +La :term:`librairie standard` +================================ + +les builtins +------------- + +.. module:: builtins + :synopsis: les fonctions directement à disposition sans import spécifique + +- le module :mod:`builtins`, tout ce qui est accessible directement + +>>> dir('__builtins__') +['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', +'__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', +'__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', +'__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', +'__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', +'__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', +'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', +'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', +'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', +'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', +'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', +'translate', 'upper', 'zfill'] +>>> + +- le module :mod:`subprocess`, appels systèmes + +.. module:: subprocess + :synopsis: exécuter une commande shell, récupérer le code retour et la sortie + +.. function:: subprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False)¶ + +>>> subprocess.call(["ls", "-l"]) +0 +>>> subprocess.call("exit 1", shell=True) +1 + +.. function:: subprocess.check_output(args, *, stdin=None, stderr=None, shell=False, universal_newlines=False)¶ + +>>> subprocess.check_output(["echo", "Hello World!"]) +'Hello World!\n' + +>>> subprocess.check_output("exit 1", shell=True) +Traceback (most recent call last): + ... +subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command 'exit 1' returned non-zero exit status 1 + +- le module :mod:`sys`, paramètres et fonctions systèmes + +.. module:: sys + :synopsis: paramètres et fonctions systèmes + +.. envvar:: sys.argv + + la ligne de commande + +.. function:: sys.exit() + + terminer un programme + +.. envvar:: sys.path + + ce qu'il y a dans le :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` + +.. module:: optparse + :synopsis: parsing de la ligne de commande + +- le module :mod:`optparse` pour faire des outils ligne de commande + +module plus récent : argparse + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/cmdline.py + +- les modules de tests unitaires :mod:`unittest` et :mod:`doctests` + +.. module:: unittest + :synopsis: module de tests unitaires + +.. module:: doctest + :synopsis: module de tests unitaires basé sur les docstrings + +- le module :mod:`xml.etree` pour parser du xml + +:: + + tree = xml.parse("testFile.xml") + rootElement = tree.getroot() + bookList = rootElem.findall("Books") + if bookList != None: + for book in bookList: + #faire quelque chose avec les livres + +- le module :mod:`urllib` pour parser les urls et les manipuler (`urllib2`) + +.. module:: urllib + :synopsis: parse des urls + +.. function:: urllib.urlopen(url) + + lit une url distante + +.. module:: time + :synopsis: caculs de temps + +- :mod:`time` pour la manipulation de temps + +:: + + t1 = time.clock() + # Do Stuff Here + t2 = time.clock() + print t2 - t1 + +**now** + +:: + + import time + now = time.localtime(time.time()) + dateStr = time.strftime("%A, %B %d, %Y, %I:%M %p", now) + print dateStr + +.. module:: getpass + :synopsis: recupération des mots de passe en ligne de commande + +- le module :mod:`getpass` pour gérer les motes de passe + +>>> import getpass +>>> p = getpass.getpass() +Password: +>>> p +'toto' +>>> + + +.. module:: shelve + :synopsis: linéarisation de données + +- linéarisation de données + +>>> import shelve +>>> shelve.open("database", 'c') +{} +>>> s = shelve.open("database", 'c') +>>> s +{} +>>> s["o"] = ('a', 'b', 'c') +>>> s.cl +s.clear s.close +>>> s.cl +s.clear s.close +>>> s.close() +>>> + + +.. module:: abc + :synopsis: les abstract base classes + +- le module :mod:`abc` pour faire des interfaces propres + +.. function:: abc.register(subclass) + + exemple + + :: + + from abc import ABCMeta + + class MyABC: + __metaclass__ = ABCMeta + + MyABC.register(tuple) + + assert issubclass(tuple, MyABC) + assert isinstance((), MyABC) + +.. module:: hotshot + :synopsis: benchmark + +- le module :mod:`hotshot` benchmark + +:: + + import hotshot + prof = hotshot.Profile('toto.txt') + prof.runcall(make_description) + prof.close() + + +- un exemple de librairie externe : :mod:`IPy` + +.. module:: IPy + :synopsis: traitement des ips en python < python 3.3 remplacé par ipadress + +:: + + sudo apt-get install python-ipy + +:: + + from IPy import IP + + try: + ipy = IP('{0}/{1}'.format(ip, mask), make_net=True) + except ValueError: + print "marche pas" + network = ipy.net() + broadcast = ipy.broadcast() + return broadcast, network diff --git a/python/python3/fr/structures.txt b/python/python3/fr/structures.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f8238a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/structures.txt @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +.. default-role:: literal + +Structures de contrôle et fonctions +==================================== + +- tests + +>>> if "a": +... print "a" +... +a +>>> if "": +... print "hell" +... +>>> a = 2 +>>> if a == 1: +... print "un" +... else: +... print "deux" +... +deux +>>> + +.. important:: les types de base ont tous une valeur booléenne + +- itérations + +>>> for i in range(10): +... print i +... +0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +>>> +>>> l = range(10) +>>> l +[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] + +- tant que + +>>> i = 10 +>>> while i != 0: +... print i +... i = i -1 +... +10 +9 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 +>>> + +fonctions +----------- + +>>> def blabla(x): +... """fonction qui printe""" +... print x +... +>>> + +il n'y a que des fonctions (et pas de procédures): + + +>>> def ma_func(x): +... "écrit quelque chose dans un fichier" +... +>>> ma_func("a") +>>> print ma_func("a") +None +>>> + +est équivalent à : + +>>> def ma_func(x): +... "écrit quelque chose dans un fichier" +... return None + +- arité d'une fonction: + + - paramètre non nommé + - paramètre nommé + +>>> def ma_fonction(*args, **kwargs): +... print "arguments : ", str(args) +... print "argumments nommés", str(kwargs) +... +>>> ma_fonction("toto", "titi", tutu=2, tata=3) +arguments : ('toto', 'titi') +argumments nommés {'tata': 3, 'tutu': 2} +>>> + +- signature d'une fonction : ça peut renvoyer n'importe quoi (tout ce qu'on veut) + +:term:`return` ou :term:`yield` ? + +.. glossary:: + + yield + permet de renvoyer le résultat d'une fonction en plusieurs étape + à l'aide d'un générateur + + return + résultat d'une fonction + +>>> def ma_fonction(): +... for i in range(10): +... yield i +... +>>> for i in ma_fonction(): +... print i +... +0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +>>> + +- espaces de nommage à l'intérieur d'une fonction : + +>>> def toto(x): +... print vars() +... +>>> toto("sdfsdf") +{'x': 'sdfsdf'} +>>> class A(object):pass +... +>>> a = A() +>>> a.a = "titi" +>>> a.b = "toto" +>>> vars(a) +{'a': 'titi', 'b': 'toto'} + +puisque tout est objet en python, ``vars(mon_objet)`` est équivalent à +``mon_objet.__dict__`` + + +- générateurs et compréhension de liste + +les compréhensions de listes permettent de générer de nouvelles listes + +exemple : + +>>> [ 2*i for i in range(10)] +[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18] +>>> + +>>> [x for x in range(10) if x>5] +[6, 7, 8, 9] +>>> + +>>> [(i, j) for i in range(2,5) for j in range (4,8)] +[(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7)] +>>> + +les expressions générateurs + +>>> expr = (2*i for i in range(10)) +>>> expr + at 0x7ff9efa77cd0> +>>> for e in expr: +... print e +... +0 +2 +4 +6 +8 +10 +12 +14 +16 +18 +>>> + +le polymorphisme paramétrique +----------------------------- + +polymorphisme exemple de contexte : +la fonction print + +>>> print 1 +1 +>>> print "1" +1 + +.. todo:: `print 1` et `print "1"` renvoient le même résultat. Pourquoi ? diff --git a/python/python3/fr/testsunitaires.txt b/python/python3/fr/testsunitaires.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..061112f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/testsunitaires.txt @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Tests unitaires et pile d'appels +================================= + +Les tests automatiques sont un complément à la déclaration des types. + +que tester, quoi tester ? + +- que les composants interagissent bien entre eux +- que les unités (fonctions, objets...) réagissent bien à une entrée spécifique +- que le code se comporte de la manière attendue dans des environnements différents + (systèmes d'exploitation, etc...) + +les types de tests : + +- tests unitaires +- tests fonctionnels +- tests d'acceptation +- tests d'intégration + +Quel outil utiliser ? + +- la :doc:`stdlib` propose le module :mod:`unittest` et unittest2. + +.. module:: py.test + :synopsis: outil de test unitaires de la pylib + +- :mod:`py.test` est **le plus simple** (plus simple que unittest) + +http://pytest.org/latest/ + +:: + + def test_simple(): + "test si ma_fontion renvoie bien 3" + assert ma_fontion(2) == 3 + +- `py.test` utilise `assert` et `raises` +- `unittest` necessite de faire sytématiquement une classe, puis `assertEqual()` +- :mod:`doctest` est plus simple mais charge trop les docstrings + + +.. todo:: écrire un test unitaire avec `py.test` pour la fonction suivante + +- installer le paquet `python-pytest` + +- écrire un fichier avec une fonction dedans + +:: + + def double(x): + return x*2 + +- écrire un fichier commençant par `test_` qui teste les fonctions du fichier + +options utiles dans `py.test` +------------------------------ + +:: + + py.test --tb=no + py.test --tb=short + py.test -x (dernière erreur) + py.test -s (c'est comme nocapture en fait) + py.test -x --nocapture --pdb + py.test -xl --pdb + + py.test -k test_simple + +utiliser le module :mod:`pdb` + +.. module:: pdb + :synopsis: debugger de la lib standard + +:: + + import pdb + pdb.set_trace() + +depuis py.test : + +:: + + import pytest + def test_function(): + ... + pytest.set_trace() # invoke PDB debugger and tracing + + + +Remarquons que :mod:`pdb` utilise le module :mod:`cmd`, voir :ref:`cmdlabel` qu'on a déjà vu précedemment + +:: + + (Pdb) h + + Documented commands (type help ): + ======================================== + EOF bt cont enable jump pp run unt + a c continue exit l q s until + alias cl d h list quit step up + args clear debug help n r tbreak w + b commands disable ignore next restart u whatis + break condition down j p return unalias where + + Miscellaneous help topics: + ========================== + exec pdb + + Undocumented commands: + ====================== + retval rv + + (Pdb) + + +last but not least : + +utiliser pylint ou pychecker + +:: + + apt-get install pylint diff --git a/python/python3/fr/type.txt b/python/python3/fr/type.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33b9fad --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/fr/type.txt @@ -0,0 +1,662 @@ +.. default-role:: literal +.. default-domain: python + +Typage, types de base +====================== + +python est un langage dynamiquement typé. qu'est-ce que cela signifie ? + +- pas de déclaration des types (attention différent de l'inférence de types): les variables n'ont pas + de type fixé, ce qui signifie que le type est fixé au moment de l'affectation + (pendant le rutime). +- pas de déclaration des variables (une variable est créée au moyen de la première + affectation). + +.. todo:: créer une variable + +>>> a = 3 +>>> a +3 + +.. todo:: + +- ouvrir l'interpréteur python +- dans la console créer un objet de type integer, float, string, liste, dictionnaire +- vérifier les types à l'aide de la fonction +- vérifier que en python tout est objet +- type de base et types conteneurs +- types mutables et types immutables + +>>> a = 2 +>>> b = 3 +>>> b = 5 +>>> a +2 +>>> b +5 + +>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] +>>> p = [l, 'e'] +>>> p +[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 'e'] +>>> l = ['i', 'j'] +>>> p +[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 'e'] +>>> l +['i', 'j'] + +.. todo:: jouer avec les types + +- l'interpréteur python comme calculette, les opérations numériques + +>>> x = 1 +>>> y =2 +>>> x > y +False +>>> x == y +False +>>> x != y +True + +- l'interpréteur pour manipuler les strings + +>>> s = "bla bla" +'bla bla' +>>> s = 'bla bla' +'bla bla' +>>> s = " 'bli bli' " +>>> s +" 'bli bli' " +>>> s = """ sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf""" +>>> s +' sdfsdf "bla bla" sdfsdf' +>>> +>>> s = "bla bla" +>>> m = "hu hu" +>>> s + m +'bla blahu hu' +>>> m * 3 +'hu huhu huhu hu' +>>> +>>> len(m) +5 +>>> +>>> m[3] +'h' +>>> m[3:5] +'hu' +>>> + +>>> s = "ssdfsdf {0} sdfsdfsdf {1}".format("blah", "blih") + +>>> s= 'a' +>>> dir(s) +['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill'] +>>> t = "abc" +>>> t.startswith("a") +True +>>> l = ['a', 'b', 'c'] +>>> "-".join(l) +'a-b-c' +>>> + +.. todo:: lower(), upper(), strip(), title() + +.. todo: recherche et remplacement dans une string + +index(), find(), replace() + +- le module :mod:`regexp` + +.. module:: regexp + :synopsis: expression régulières + +>>> import re +>>> s = "sdf dfdfdf blah bla df" +>>> re.findall(r'\w*', s) +['sdf', '', 'dfdfdf', '', 'blah', '', 'bla', '', 'df', ''] +>>> re.findall(r'df*', s) +['df', 'df', 'df', 'df', 'df'] +>>> + +unicode +------------ + +En python 2.X : deux types : `str` et `unicode` (en python 3 ces types sont unifiés) + +on peut facilement tomber sur des erreurs unicode:: + + UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0: + ordinal not in range(128) + + +- l'encodage (unicode): + +on part d'un objet unicode : + +>>> u = u"éèà bla" +>>> u +u'\xe9\xe8\xe0 bla' + +on le transforme en string utf-8 : + +>>> u.encode("utf-8") +'\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa8\xc3\xa0 bla' +>>> print u.encode("utf-8") +éèà bla +>>> + +on peut partir d'une string en utf-8, puis:: + + + +manips importantes de traitement unicode (si on n'est pas en python 3) + +>>> u = u"ésdsfè" +>>> u +u'\xe9sdsf\xe8' +>>> print u +ésdsfè +>>> str(u) +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in +UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe9' in position 0: +ordinal not in range(128) +>>> u.encode("utf-8") +'\xc3\xa9sdsf\xc3\xa8' +>>> s = u.encode("utf-8") +>>> type(s) + +>>> + +Il faut utiliser ``.encode()``, et pas ``.decode()``:: + + if type(s) == unicode #types.UnicodeType: + bla bla + + if type(s) == str: + rien à faire + +manipulations diverses : + +- enlever les accents + +>>> import unicodedata +>>> s = u"un été même pas chaud" +>>> import unicodedata as U +>>> s2 = ''.join(U.normalize('NFD', x)[0] for x in s) +>>> s2 +u'un ete meme pas chaud' +>>> + +- enlever la ponctuation + +>>> import re +>>> import string +>>> rgx = re.compile('[%s]' % string.punctuation) +>>> string.punctuation +'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~' + + + +tuples, listes, dictionnaires +--------------------------------- + + +>>> t = (1,2,3) +>>> l = [1,2,3] +>>> d = {'a': 2, 'b':3, 'c':4} +>>> +>>> l = ['e','p','q','t'] +>>> l.pop() +'t' +>>> l +['e', 'p', 'q'] +>>> l +['e', 'p', 'q'] +>>> l.pop(1) +'p' +>>> l +['e', 'q'] +>>> +exercice +------------- + +écrire la string "1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9" programmatiquement + +>>> [str(i) for i in l] +['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] +>>> l2 = [] +>>> for i in l: +... l2.append(str(i)) +... +>>> l2 +['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] +>>> +>>> l = range(1,9) +>>> l2 = [str(i) for i in l] +>>> "-".join(l2) +'1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8' +>>> s= "-" +>>> l2.extend(range(20)) +>>> l2 +['1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] +>>> l + l2 +[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, '1', '2', 'sdfsdf', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] +>>> l.extend(l2) +KeyboardInterrupt +>>> l = [] +>>> l = list() +>>> list + +>>> list() +[] +>>> list(range(2)) +[0, 1] +>>> tuple + +>>> t = (1,2,3) +>>> t +(1, 2, 3) +>>> list(t) +[1, 2, 3] +>>> t +(1, 2, 3) +>>> type(t) + +>>> + + +.. important:: utiliser get plutôt que l'accès par items lorsque l'on n'est pas sûr + +:: + + >>> d = {} + >>> d.get('toto') + >>> d['toto'] ='titi' + >>> d.get('toto') + 'titi' + >>> print d.get('toto') + titi + >>> print d.get('to') + None + >>> d['tot'] + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + KeyError: 'tot' + >>> + KeyboardInterrupt + >>> + +>>> x=dict(a=23,b=45,c=67,d=89) +>>> x +{'a': 23, 'c': 67, 'b': 45, 'd': 89} +>>> y=dict.fromkeys(range(4), 'ho') +>>> y +{0: 'ho', 1: 'ho', 2: 'ho', 3: 'ho'} + +# and a new method to fetch-and-remove an item, by key: + +>>> x.pop('c') +67 +>>> x +{'a': 23, 'b': 45, 'd': 89} +>>> x.pop('z') +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in ? +KeyError: 'z' +>>> x.pop('z', 55) +55 + +>>> for x in enumerate('ciao'): print x +... +(0, 'c') +(1, 'i') +(2, 'a') +(3, 'o') +>>> + + +.. module:: collections + :synopsis: autres types de données + +- le module :mod:`collections` : + +- `OrderedDict`, `defaultdict` + +remarques sur les tuples + +>>> 1, +(1,) +>>> (1,) +(1,) +>>> (1) +1 +>>> () +() +>>> tuple() +() +>>> value = 1, +>>> value +(1,) + +.. todo:: addition de listes, append, tranches, tri de listes + +:: + + def remove_duplicates(lst): + ... + + l = [4, 7, 30, "hello", 7, "world", 30, 7] + remove_duplicates(l) + assert l == [4, 7, 30, "hello", "world"] + +.. todo:: defaultdict, get (avec une valeur par défaut) + +- tri de liste personnalisé : + +.. literalinclude:: snippets/sorter.py + +>>> 'a' in d +True +>>> t[1] +2 +>>> +>>> for i in l: +... print i +... +1 +2 +3 +>>> +>>> for i in d: +... print i +... +a +c +b +>>> +>>> for key, value in d.items(): +... print key, " : ", value +... +a : 2 +c : 4 +b : 3 +>>> + +.. todo:: l'interpréteur python pour l'introspection des objets + +en python, **pas besoin de déclaration de type**. Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ? + +>>> type(1) + +>>> +>>> dir(3) +['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__class__', '__cmp__', '__coerce__', +'__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', +'__format__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__hash__', '__hex__', +'__index__', '__init__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', +'__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', +'__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', +'__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', +'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', +'__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', +'__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', +'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real'] +>>> +>>> type(3) + +>>> + +- Le type set + +Set + + collection non ordonnées d'éléments uniques + + +- le type set immutable et le type set mutable. +- un ensemble peut être étendu ou bien seulement englobé + +:: + + Manipulations non supportées + + >>> e["a"] + Traceback (most recent call last): + TypeError: unsubscriptable object + >>> e.append("a") + Traceback (most recent call last): + AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'append' + +Création + +Ensemble vide : + +:: + + >>> e = set() + >>> e + Set([]) + >>> e = set("toto") + >>> e + Set(['t', 'o']) + >>> d = {"a":1,"b":2} + >>> f = set(d) + >>> f + Set(['a', 'b']) + +Appartenance et définition en extension + +:: + + Set(['a', 'b']) + >>> "a" in i + True + >>> len(h) + 4 + >>> for u in h: + ... print u + ... + a + b + t + o + >>> e.add("a") + >>> e + Set(['a']) + >>> for i in range(5): + ... e.add(i) + ... + >>> e + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1]) + Set(['a']) + >>> e.add("b", "c") + Traceback (most recent call last): + TypeError: add() takes exactly 2 arguments (3 given) + >>> for i in range(5): + ... e.add(i) + ... + >>> e + # Suppression : + >>> f = e.copy() + >>> f + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1]) + >>> f.remove(0) + +Opérations sur les ensembles + +:: + + >>> v = sets.Set() + + >>> e.issubset(f) + False + >>> f.issubset(e) + True + >>> e.issuperset(f) + True + >>> f < e + True + >>> f > e + False + >>> e + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.copy() + Set(['a', 0, 2, 3, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.remove(3) + >>> e + Set(['a', 0, 2, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> 0 in e + True + >>> e.pop() + 'a' + >>> e + Set([0, 2, 4, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.pop() + 0 + >>> e.discard(4) + >>> e + Set([2, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.discard("p") + >>> e + Set([2, 1, ImmutableSet(['p'])]) + >>> e.discard(sets.Set("p")) + >>> e + Set([2, 1]) + >>> + >>> e -= f + >>> e + Set([]) + >>> f + Set(['a', 2, 3, 4, 1]) + >>> + >>> e.clear() + >>> e + Set([]) + >>> + # copy + >>> h == e + False + >>> h != e + True + >>> u = h.copy() + >>> u + Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o']) + +Opérations ensemblistes + +:: + + #Pas d'opération "+" : + >>> h = e + f + Traceback (most recent call last): + TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'Set' and 'Set' + #La réunion : + >>> g = e or f + >>> g + Set(['t', 'o']) + autre notation : + >>> h | e + Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o']) + >>> h & e + Set(['t', 'o']) + >>> + Le complémentaire : + >>> h = e ^ f + >>> h + Set(['a', 'b', 't', 'o']) + La différence : + >>> i = h - e + >>> i + L'intersection, la réunion, le complémentaire : + >>> f + Set(['a', 2, 3, 4, 1]) + >>> f & e + Set(['a', 1, 2, 3, 4]) + >>> f | e + Set(['a', 1, 2, 3, 4, 0]) + >>> f ^ e + Set([0]) + +différence entre type et isinstance +------------------------------------ + +`type()` ne gère pas l'héritage alors que `isinstance()` si: + +>>> class MyClass(object): + def __init__(self): + pass +>>> a = MyClass() +>>> type(a) == MyClass +True +>>> type(a) == object +False +>>> isinstance(a, MyClass) +True +>>> isinstance(a, object) +True +>>> + +Dans la **PEP 8**, Guido demande explicitement d'utiliser isinstance et non type + +.. note:: + + citation : + + Object type comparisons should always use isinstance() instead + of comparing types directly. + + Yes: if isinstance(obj, int): + + No: if type(obj) is int: + + +inférence de type +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +.. todo:: coercion, typage dynamique, inférence de type + +exemple:: + + def addition_forte(x, y): + return int(x) + int(y) + + def addition_faible(x, y): + return x + y + +dans `addition_faible`, il n'y a pas de casting de type, on n'essaye pas +de transformer ça en un type donné, c'est-à-dire que si `x` et `y` sont +compatible, ça marche. Le typage est fort, on demande des types + + >>> addition_faible("1", 4) + TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects + + >>> addition_forte("1", 4) + TypeError: cannot concatenate 'str' and 'int' objects + + >>> addition_faible("a", "b") + 5 + +Remarquons que `addition_faible` renvoie forcément un type `int` tandis +que `addition_forte` peut renvoyer un autre type, ceci est dû au +polymorphisme paramétrique. + +.. todo:: en python un type et une classe, c'est la même chose + +.. todo:: "duck typing" en python + +- le typage + + - typage fort + + - statique : déclaration ou bien inférence (déduction) lisible dans le source + (exemple : java) + + - typage dynamique : une variable est typée en fonction de son contenu + + - typage faible : + + - une donnée n'aura pas spécialement de type : les nombres, les chaînes de + caractères, les booléens, etc. seront tous des scalaires et ne seront + différenciés que par leur valeur et par le contexte de leur utilisation diff --git a/python/python3/src/cipher.py b/python/python3/src/cipher.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b100c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/cipher.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from random import shuffle +import string + +domain = string.printable + +def mkcode(): + targ = list(domain) + shuffle(targ) + return string.join(targ,"") + +def mkdict(secretkey): + keydict = {} + j = 0 + for i in domain: + keydict[i]=secretkey[j] + j += 1 + return keydict diff --git a/python/python3/src/data/ball.gif b/python/python3/src/data/ball.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbc4a95 Binary files /dev/null and b/python/python3/src/data/ball.gif differ diff --git a/python/python3/src/dicttype.py b/python/python3/src/dicttype.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7dc269 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/dicttype.py @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# The get() method on dicts +# and its "default" argument + +name_for_userid = { + 382: "Alice", + 590: "Bob", + 951: "Dilbert", +} + +def greeting(userid): + return "Hi %s!" % name_for_userid.get(userid, "there") + +greeting(382) +# "Hi Alice!" + +greeting(333333) +#"Hi there!" + +# ___________________________________________________________________ + +# How to sort a Python dict by value +# (== get a representation sorted by value) + +xs = {'a': 4, 'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'd': 1} + +sorted(xs.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]) +[('d', 1), ('c', 2), ('b', 3), ('a', 4)] + +# Or: + +import operator +sorted(xs.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1)) +[('d', 1), ('c', 2), ('b', 3), ('a', 4)] + +# ___________________________________________________________________ + +# How to merge two dictionaries +# in Python 3.5+ + +x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} +y = {'b': 3, 'c': 4} + +z = {**x, **y} + +z +#{'c': 4, 'a': 1, 'b': 3} + +# In Python 2.x you could +# use this: +z = dict(x, **y) +z +#{'a': 1, 'c': 4, 'b': 3} diff --git a/python/python3/src/duration.py b/python/python3/src/duration.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..536f440 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/duration.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +import timeit +timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))', + number=10000) + +# 0.3412662749997253 + +timeit.timeit('"-".join([str(n) for n in range(100)])', + number=10000) + +# 0.2996307989997149 + +timeit.timeit('"-".join(map(str, range(100)))', + number=10000) + +# 0.24581470699922647 diff --git a/python/python3/src/functype.py b/python/python3/src/functype.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30a88c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/functype.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +def myfunc(x, y, z): + print(x, y, z) + +tuple_vec = (1, 0, 1) +dict_vec = {'x': 1, 'y': 0, 'z': 1} + +myfunc(*tuple_vec) +# 1, 0, 1 + +myfunc(**dict_vec) +# 1, 0, 1 diff --git a/python/python3/src/funfirstclass.py b/python/python3/src/funfirstclass.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fc6c4c --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/funfirstclass.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Functions are first-class citizens in Python. + +# They can be passed as arguments to other functions, +# returned as values from other functions, and +# assigned to variables and stored in data structures. + +>>> def myfunc(a, b): +... return a + b +... +>>> funcs = [myfunc] +>>> funcs[0] + +>>> funcs[0](2, 3) +5 +# TODO +# create a factory pattern with a dict diff --git a/python/python3/src/hellopygame.py b/python/python3/src/hellopygame.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0c59fc --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/hellopygame.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +import sys, pygame +pygame.init() + +size = width, height = 620, 840 +speed = [2, 2] +black = 0, 0, 0 + +screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size) + +ball = pygame.image.load("data/ball.gif") +ballrect = ball.get_rect() + +while 1: + for event in pygame.event.get(): + if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() + + ballrect = ballrect.move(speed) + if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width: + speed[0] = -speed[0] + if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height: + speed[1] = -speed[1] + + screen.fill(black) + screen.blit(ball, ballrect) + pygame.display.flip() diff --git a/python/python3/src/json_reader.py b/python/python3/src/json_reader.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74086c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/json_reader.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +"""Fetches json data and prints it nicely with pprint +""" + +from sys import exit +from pprint import pprint +from json import loads +from urllib.request import urlopen +from urllib.error import HTTPError + +json_url = "http://webservices-v2.crous-mobile.fr:8080/feed/dijon/externe/crous-dijon.min.jsonsdf" + +def retrieve_json(json_url): + """ + Retrieves and pretty prints indented json from a given url + + :param str json_url: full url of the json file + :return: None + :rtype: str + :raises IOError: if the json cannot be retrieved + """ + try: + with urlopen(json_url) as resp: + contents = resp.read().decode() + pprint(loads(contents)) + except HTTPError as e: + raise e + except: + raise IOError("The json {0} cannot be retrieved".format(json_url)) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + try: + retrieve_json(json_url) + except Exception as e: + print(e) + exit(1) diff --git a/python/python3/src/jsonprint.py b/python/python3/src/jsonprint.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a76181d --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/jsonprint.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# The standard string repr for dicts is hard to read: +my_mapping = {'a': 23, 'b': 42, 'c': 0xc0ffee} + +# The "json" module can do a much better job: +import json +print(json.dumps(my_mapping, indent=4, sort_keys=True)) +{ + "a": 23, + "b": 42, + "c": 12648430 +} + +# Note this only works with dicts containing +# primitive types (check out the "pprint" module): +#json.dumps({all: 'yup'}) +#TypeError: keys must be a string diff --git a/python/python3/src/pygame.py b/python/python3/src/pygame.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b4b3f71 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/pygame.py @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +import pygame, sys +from pygame.locals import * + +# Set up pygame. +pygame.init() + +# Set up the window. +windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 400), 0, 32) +pygame.display.set_caption('Hello world!') + +# Set up the colors. +BLACK = (0, 0, 0) +WHITE = (255, 255, 255) +RED = (255, 0, 0) +GREEN = (0, 255, 0) +BLUE = (0, 0, 255) + +# Set up the fonts. +basicFont = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) + +# Set up the text. +text = basicFont.render('Hello world!', True, WHITE, BLUE) +textRect = text.get_rect() +textRect.centerx = windowSurface.get_rect().centerx +textRect.centery = windowSurface.get_rect().centery + +# Draw the white background onto the surface. +windowSurface.fill(WHITE) + +# Draw a green polygon onto the surface. +pygame.draw.polygon(windowSurface, GREEN, ((146, 0), (291, 106), + (236, 277), (56, 277), (0, 106))) + +# Draw some blue lines onto the surface. +pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLUE, (60, 60), (120, 60), 4) +pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLUE, (120, 60), (60, 120)) +pygame.draw.line(windowSurface, BLUE, (60, 120), (120, 120), 4) + +# Draw a blue circle onto the surface. +pygame.draw.circle(windowSurface, BLUE, (300, 50), 20, 0) + +# Draw a red ellipse onto the surface. +pygame.draw.ellipse(windowSurface, RED, (300, 250, 40, 80), 1) + +# Draw the text's background rectangle onto the surface. +pygame.draw.rect(windowSurface, RED, (textRect.left - 20, + textRect.top - 20, textRect.width + 40, textRect.height + 40)) + +# Get a pixel array of the surface. +pixArray = pygame.PixelArray(windowSurface) +pixArray[480][380] = BLACK +del pixArray + +# Draw the text onto the surface. +windowSurface.blit(text, textRect) + +# Draw the window onto the screen. +pygame.display.update() + +# Run the game loop. +while True: + for event in pygame.event.get(): + if event.type == QUIT: + pygame.quit() + sys.exit() diff --git a/python/python3/src/script.py b/python/python3/src/script.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3aa3cc --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/script.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +"""This is an example script.""" +import sys + +def greet(name): + """Return greeting.""" + return "Hello {}!".format(name) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + name = sys.argv[1] + print(greet(name)) + + diff --git a/python/python3/src/server.py b/python/python3/src/server.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..fb5408f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/python3/src/server.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +# coding: utf-8 + +from flask import Flask, request +import json + +app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path='') + +@app.route('/', methods=['GET']) +def index(): + return app.send_static_file('index.html') + +@app.route('/inscription', methods=['POST']) +def inscription(): + print request.data + sortie = json.dumps({"data":"OK"}) + return sortie + +app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True, port=8080)